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THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM, CONVENTIONAL, 

OF THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES 


AND GENERAL TARIFF SYSTEMS 
OF THE WORLD. 




[From the Summary of Commerce anj> Finance for February, 1902.] 


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THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM, CONVENTIONAL, AND GENERAL TARIFF SYSTEMS 

OF THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. 


[From the Summary of Commerce and Finance for February, 1902.] 


Treasury Department, 

u. s. Bureau of Statistics. 

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O. P. AUSTIN, 

Chief of Bureau. 



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CONTENTS 



MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 

Page. 

The maximum and minimum, conventional, and general tariff systems of the principal countries of the world. 3095 

I ntreduction. 3095 

Classification of tariff systems. 3095 

General tariffs of European countries. 3095 

General and conventional tariffs. 3095 

The maximum and minimum tariff system... 3096 

The most-favored-nation clause. 3097 

^The maximum and minimum tariff system of France. 3099 

The French tariff commission of 1891 on the maximum and minimum tariff system. 3100 

M. Leroy-Beaulieu on the maximum and minimum system. 3102 

The maximum and minimum tariff system of Spain. 3104 

Commercial treaties of Russia with foreign powers. 3104 

Norway. 3106 

Brazil. 3106 

/The general and conventional tariff of Germany. 3106 

Duration of commercial treaties. 3106 

Scope of commercial treaties. 3107 

The German tariff before 1892 . 3107 

The “December” treaties. 3108 

Position of Germany in the future. 3109 

Customs tariffs of France, Spain, and Germany... 3109 

Import tariff of France. 3109 

Import tariff of Spain. 3124 

Special tariff (Spanish) applicable to treaty countries. 3131 

Spanish-Swiss treaty. 3133 

Spanish-Swedish treaty. 3135 

Spanish-Norwegian treaty. 3136 

Spanish-Netherlands treaty. 3138 

Customs tariff of Germany and the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg. 3139 

Law of July 15, 1879 . 3140 

German import duties. 3141 

Supplements to the German tariff. 3152 

I. Commercial treaties of European countries. Facing 3162 

II. Commercial treaties of European with Asiatic countries. 3163 

III. Commercial treaties of European with American countries. 3164 

IV. Commercial treaties of European with African countries. 3166 

Partial bibliography of works treating of tariff systems. 3167 


















































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MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM, CONVENTIONAL, AND GENERAL TARIFF SYSTEMS OF THE PRINCIPAL 

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. 

INTRODUCTION. 

It is of interest to note that at the present time the four great commercial countries of the world—Great Britain, Germany, France, 
and the United States—are each using a different system of tariff regulations for the goods which they import. For present purposes Great 
Britain may be said to be practically without a tariff; Germany uses a multiple tariff, which is made up of two schedules, a general and 
a conventional; France uses a multiple tariff, composed of a maximum and a minimum schedule, while the United States may be said,, 
to use a general tariff, which is applied to imports without discrimination as to their origin. 

Of the three tariff systems mentioned, the last is the simplest and has been used most of the time by the United States since the first 
tariff act of 1789. It is of especial interest at this time to leam what are the tariff systems in use by competing European countries, and 
what were the reasons that led to the adoption of those systems. In the following pages an effort has been made to answer these 
questions by giving a brief account of the origin of each of the systems. 

First of all, an attempt has been made to give a definition of each system and the names of the important countries using it. 
Because of the complications introduced by the various interpretations involved in the us© of the most-favored-nation clause, it has been 
found necessary to give a condensed account of the present status of that clause. Following this is an account of the maximum and 
minimum systems of France, Spain, and Russia, with a resume of the arguments used for and against the system at the time of its 
adoption in France; an account of the general and conventional tariff system of Germany; excerpts from the French and Spanish tariffs; 
the German tariff; tables showing the date and the character of the treaties by which the commercial relations of the principal countries 
are regulated, and, finally, a partial bibliography of works bearing on the subject. 1 

CLASSIFICATION OF TARIFF SYSTEMS. 

The tariff systems now in use among the prominent commercial countries of the world may be classed under three heads: 

1. The general tariff system. 

2. The general and conventional tariff system. 

3. The maximum and minimum tariff system. 

The system of a general tariff is the simplest of those enumerated, and consists in having a single schedule of import duties, which 
is applied to the goods of all countries without distinction. Such a tariff system is altogether an act of the legislative branch of the 
government. It takes account only of the needs of the home country, and recognizes foreign commercial relations only in so far as the 
latter are in harmony with home interests. 

The general tariff is difficult to maintain where the schedule contains numerous high protective duties, owing to the fact that foreign 
countries will endeavor to make with each other commercial treaties to mutually guarantee tariff concessions, while the state using tFe 
general tariff can not make such treaties and is not in a position to secure a share of those advantages. Some countries have sought to 
solve the problem by making treaties and then placing the concessions in the general tariff, where they would apply to all nations. 

GENERAL TARIFFS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. 

Since 1865 Belgium has followed the plan of making general all tariff concessions granted to any country. As the rates of the Belgian 
tariff are only moderately high, the disadvantages arising from this method of procedure have not caused much inconvenience. On 
account of her geographical position, Belgium finds it to her interest to make treaties with all countries and to offer as little restriction as 
possible to the large transit trade which crosses her borders. Sweden, on the contrary, maintains the system of a general tariff in her 
law of June 4, 1897. Norway’s law of 1894 provided for a general tariff system; but the administration was compelled to grant to all 
powers the concessions that had been made to Spain and Switzerland, so in 1900 the maximum and minimum system was adopted. 
Roumania, by the law T of December, 1893, provided a general tariff, but the concessions later given to Germany were made part of 
the schedule. Denmark’s tariff of 1863 is also a general one. Portugal has made no changes in the general tariff of 1892, and as a result 
most of the European states apply their penalty tariffs to Portuguese goods. 

GENERAL AND CONVENTIONAL TARIFFS. 

The system of general and conventional tariffs, however, makes a distinction between goods which come from different countries. 
The fact that nations which make use of a general tariff often find themselves compelled to change this tariff when they later make 
commercial treaties is evidence of how difficult it is to maintain such a tariff intact. But since modern nations are practically compelled 
to have more or less close commercial relations with each other some way of regulating these relations must be found, and the usual 
method of securing this end is by means of a mutual understanding between the countries in question. Generally one nation declares 


1 Free use has been made of the volumes published by the German “Association for Social Economy” on this subject, as well as of the recent treatise on 
Commercial Policy, by Dr. J. Grunzel, of Vienna. 

, 3095 





3096 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


itself ready to grant some concession or reduction in its tariff if a corresponding concession is offered in return. If an agreement is reached, 
a treaty is then made, and as a rule the willingness is expressed to make further treaties with other countries under similar conditions. 
Such a treaty will usually introduce new tariff rates. If the state substitutes these rates for those in the general tariff, then no change 
in the system takes place. The usual course, however, is for the state to now maintain two columns in its tariff schedule; the first for those 
countries enjoying the “most-favored-nation” treatment, which is called the treaty or conventional tariff, and the second containing the 
original rates, for those countries not receiving this treatment, and termed the general tariff. 

The rates of the conventional schedule are, of course, never higher than those of the general schedule, and are usually lower. It 
may be, however, that one nation regards it of importance that a certain rate, a reduction of which is refused by the other power, 
should not be increased during the period for which the treaty is made. The making of an agreement that rates shall not be changed 
is termed “binding” such rates. That is, the conventional tariff schedule is composed of reduced and “bound,” or fixed rates. The 
general schedule may be changed at any time without breaking any of the conditions of the treaty, but the conventional schedule can 
only be changed by the consent of both parties. 

The general tariff is framed with the acknowledged purpose of being the basis for the negotiations of commercial treaties. A 
conventional schedule is drawn up in these treaties, and, by the action of the most-favored-nation clause, the conventional tariff becomes 
so extended in application that, as a rule, it is the exception to apply the general tariff. For this reason, the general tariff is regarded 
mainly in the light of a preliminary sketch of the real tariff. As a consequence, the rates in the general schedule are not infrequently 
made rather high, so that they can readily be reduced and concessions demanded in return. There is always the possibility, however, 
that the negotiations may be broken off for some unforeseen reason, and the undesired high rates become actual rates. This possibility 
generally exerts a restraining influence in the framing of the general tariff. The course which events in the field of commercial policy 
may take will always exert considerable influence in the formation of such tariff schedules, but the main consideration must always be 
the needs of the home producers. 

The most prominent country using the general and conventional system at present is Germany. The general tariff is practically 
that of 1879 with the later amendments. The conventional tariff is made up of the schedules contained in the commercial treaties with 
Austria, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, Russia, Roumania, Greece, and Servia. Partially through commercial treaties and partially 
through the action of the Administration in making most-favored-nation agreements, Germany has extended the application of the 
conventional schedule until it is now given to all European countries except Portugal. The general tariff, therefore, has only a very 
limited scope, and in this case may be regarded as a penalty tariff. 

In Austria the general tariff is based on the laws of 1882 and 1887. The conventional tariff is the result of several commercial treaties 
and practically applies to all countries of importance. Only Portugal and a few small non-European countries are subjected to the general 
schedule. 

In Switzerland the general tariff is still in the form as it was when the law of 1891 was passed. A conventional tariff also exists. 
For the convenience of officials and others, the Swiss customs authorities publish a tariff bulletin, in which the schedules are given in 
parallel columns. 

Italy’s general tariff is based on the law of 1887 and the amendments since that date. The conventional tariff is made up of the 
schedules in the commercial treaties with Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and France. It is applied to all European countries except 
Portugal, and to all but a few non-European countries. 

THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TARIFF SYSTEM. 

The maximum and minimum tariff system is distinguished from the above system, first of all, in its form. Instead of having two 
rates for a few articles it has two rates on most articles on which duties are imposed, and for this reason is frequently called the double 
tariff system. In the application of these rates the maximum schedule corresponds to the general schedule and the minimum schedule 
to the conventional schedule of the system just described, since the minimum rates are given only to those countries which receive the 
most-favored-nation treatment. The characteristic difference between the two systems, however, arises from the difference in their 
origin. The minimum schedule is not drawn up by negotiations between the executives of two countries, but is framed by the legislative 
body at the same time that the maximum schedule is made. That is, the legislative power fixes two rates of duty on each article in the 
tariff. The higher rate is the one which fixes the maximum extent to which those articles may be taxed on entering the country; the 
lower, or minimum rate, is the one which fixes the minimum extent to which the duty may be lowered. If it is desired to make 
commercial treaties at any time, these two rates show the exact limits between which the treaty rates are to be fixed. 

The countries at present using a multiple or maximum and minimum tariff system are Spain, France, Russia, Brazil, Greece, and 
Norway. 

The present tariff of Spain dates from 1892, when the commercial treaties were denounced and a consistent scheme of double rates 
was drawn up. At the same time the Spanish Administration announced its intention of no longer making unconditional most-favored- 
nation treaties. Commercial relations with other countries at once became strained. A tariff war broke out with Germany, and the 
penalty tariffs of several countries were applied to Spanish goods. The relations at present are mainly on the basis of a provisional 
most-favored-nation treatment. 

The present tariff law of France bears the date of January 11, 1892. In the application of the two schedules the customs authorities 
have followed the plan of granting the minimum rates to all countries which have most-favored-nation agreements with France (order 
of February 1, 1892). A full discussion of the French tariff is given elsewhere in this study. 

In 1893 Russia adopted a system somewhat similar to that of France. Instead of having a special rate on each article, however, as 
was the case in the French law, the Russian tariff made the general schedule (which was in use prior to 1892) the minimum schedule 
of the new tariff, and placed increases ranging as high as 30 per cent over the minimum. Russia was not able to uphold the plan in its 
entirety, and was compelled to make commercial treaties with France and Germany, in which reductions on the minimum rates were 
given. At present, therefore, Russia’s tariff system is composed of a maximum, a minimum, and a conventional schedule. The conven¬ 
tional rates are given to countries having most-favored-nation agreements, the minimum rates to other countries, while the maximum 
rates are intended to be used in case of a tariff war. A fuller account of the Russian tariff is given elsewhere in this study. 

The Brazilian tariff of 1900 is arranged in a manner similar to the Russian. The tariff contains maximum and minimum rates, the 


1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3097 


latter to be applied to imports from those countries which treat Brazilian exports, especially coffee, on a favorable basis. A brief 
account of the Brazilian system is given elsewhere. 

The experience of Greece with the maximum and minimum system has been similar to that of Russia. The law of 1893 provided 
maximum and minimum rates, but the later commercial treaties reduced the latter, so that at present the rates applied to most-favored- 
nation countries are partially the conventional rates and partially the minimum rates. 

In Norway the maximum rates are intended to be used only in case Norwegian goods are treated less favorably than those of any 
other country—that is, these rates are to be used in case of a tariff war. 

THE MOST FAVORED NATION CLAUSE. 

Because of the different interpretation of the most-favored-nation clause by the United States and European countries, a few words 
must be devoted to that subject before taking up the other features of the various tariff systems. 

The general view of commercial treaties in the eighteenth century was that every favor or concession granted by a treaty should be 
compensated by a definite and positive concession of some sort in return—that is, that the principle of reciprocity should be strictly 
adhered to. 

When the restrictive policy of the eighteenth century was broken down and treaties began to be made frequently, it was the natural 
desire of each party to assure itself that any future concessions which might be made to a competing nation should also be given to it, 
since any concession would easily be nullified by a competitor securing a greater concession. Protection in such a case would be obtained 
by the most-favored-nation clause in its unconditional form, because it gives to the most favored state all later advantages without 
compensation and without a new agreement. But before this form was adopted, the clause was formulated to the effect that all future 
concessions made to a third state should be granted to the other contracting party gratuitously when so given to the third party, or in 
return for a similar compensation when the third party secured it by that means. This clause is used in this form in the treaty of peace 
and commerce between the United States and France of February 6, 1778,. Article 2 says: 

“The Most Christian King and the United States engage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of 
commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same favor freely, if 
the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation if the concession was conditional.” 

This regulation is given more exactly in the treaty between Greece and Austria-Hungary of March 4, 1835. Here the paragraph is 
as follows: 

“The raw and manufactured products of both States whose importation into the other State is legally allowed shall not be subjected 
to any higher or other imposts of whatsoever sort than those articles which come from other countries, either at present or in the future, 
with this exception: That where a concession is given in return for certain advantages, such concessions shall be given to the other of 
the parties to this treaty if a similar compensation is offered, and this shall come into force as soon as this compensation or a similar 
equivalent is assured. But in each case a special convention must be made between the two parties to the treaty.” 

While all of the European States since the sixties have given up the standpoint of a conditional construction of the most-favored- 
nation clause, the United States has held to this interpretation consistently. In the old commercial treaties with Prussia, of the year 1828, 
and that with Austria of 1829, is found the regulation “If either party shall hereafter grant to any other nation any particular favor in 
navigation or commerce, it shall immediately become common to the other party, freely, where it is freely granted to such other nation, 
or on yielding the same compensation, when the grant is conditional.” [Art. IX of Treaty with Prussia 1828, Art. IX of Treaty with 
Austria 1829.] Those treaties are still regarded as in force, and on the basis of this the United States has been given the most-favored- 
nation treatment, both by Prussia (i. e., the German Empire) and by Austria. 

In opposition to this construction of the clause is the one now accepted by the European countries, namely, that all favors given to a 
third State shall be at once, and without any return, given to the other party to whom such treatment is guaranteed. Thus, a nation 
receiving this treatment now has the guaranty that its commercial intercourse can not possibly be treated less favorably than that of 
any other country. That is, this construction has two properties—(1) that any concession given to another country is at once, without 
delay, given to all other countries treated on this basis, and (2) these concessions are given without any compensation, even though it 
was secured by the first country in return for a specified and even costly concession. These two points distinguish the modern 
interpretation of the clause from the one formerly held. However, in the commercial treaties which the European countries made with 
each other during the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century, there were only occasional suggestions of this interpretation. 
The “prohibitive” commercial system was, of course, opposed to any treaties of commerce, since that system regarded any concession 
as the giving up of a strong position in any industrial field. One of the first instances of this interpretation is found in the treaty 
which Russia and Great Britain made in 1766, in which the two contracting parties assured to each other the imposition of payments 
similar to those required by the other party; in article 3 of this treaty the technical expression is used: “The sailors and passengers and 
the vessels, both British and Russian, are received and treated the same as the most favored nation.” The movement toward freer 
commercial intercourse, which was characteristic of the period beginning in the sixties, seized upon the most-favored-nation clause as an 
excellent means of attaining greater freedom. If each country had only one tariff treaty which granted concessions from the regular 
tariff, it was only necessary to insert the most-favored-nation clause in its other treaties in order that all other countries might be placed 
in the enjoyment of the same favors. Thus, if a few important commercial treaties reduced the tariffs, a set of most-favored-nation 
treaties would automatically widen the scope of those treaties and the general tariff would in this proportion lose in force, and the 
lower conventional tariff would become more general. The parties advocating freer commercial intercourse had only, therefore, to 
build up such a series of treaties and the high tariff walls which had previously surrounded the countries would be more or less broken 
down. 

Napoleon III had forced France to sign the Cobden treaty of 1860 in order to bring about closer commercial relations with England. 
Soon after, Prussia used this clause as a means of warding off the results of the treaty of 1853, which had placed in jeopardy Prussia’s position 
as leading.State in the German union. At the same time a new manner of expressing the contents of the clause was given. In the 
commercial treaty between France and England of 1860 (the Cobden treaty) the clause was given in its old form. Article 19 states: 
“ Each one of the two high contracting parties binds itself to give to the other party every favor, every privilege or decrease in import 
duties on the articles mentioned in the'present treaty which one of the parties may grant to a third power.” It is not strictly said that 



3098 


MODEKN TAB IFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


all future concessions shall be given at once, and without return, to the other contracting party. Furthermore, the most-favored-nation 
treatment extended only to the articles specifically mentioned in the treaty, hut through the complementary treaty of the 16th of 
November of the same year, the force of the clause was extended to all articles imported. In the same form the clause is found in the 
treaty between France and the German Customs Union of 1862. In the commercial treaty between Austria and the German Customs. 
Union of 1865, article 2 gives the clause in its old form, but in a treaty made by the German Customs Union with Belgium in the 
succeeding month, emphasis is placed not only upon the unconditional, but also on the immediate granting to the other party of all 
advantages and concessions which may be given to a third party. Article5 states the clause in the form used at present: “Every favor, 
every immunity, every reduction of import duties that one of the high contracting parties shall give to a third party shall be 
immediately and unconditionally extended to the other party.” In this form the clause is given in most of the commercial treaties now 
in existence in Europe. 

In the well-known December (1891) treaties of the middle European States it is given as follows: “In regard to the amount, the 
guaranty, and the payment of imposts on imports and exports, as well as in regard to the transit trade, neither of the high contracting 
parties shall treat a third State on a more favorable basis than the other contracting party. Each favor given in this connection to a third 
party is therefore to be given at once, and without compensation, to the other contracting party.” The scope of the clause is not quite so 
clearly determined. It refers in the first place to the rate of import and export duties as well as the transit trade—that is, it places all 
articles originating from one of the contracting States under the most favorable tariff, whether it is a conventional tariff or a minimum 
tariff. Since not only the rate of duty, but also the manner of executing the customs laws, is a matter of great import in commercial 
intercourse, this subject is also included under the action of the clause. Any other feature of commercial intercourse must be specially 
mentioned in order to be considered as part of it. 

In Article II of the treaty of Frankfurt (1871) the clause specified exactly: “The entrance and exit fees—that is, the import and 
export duties—the transit trade, the customs formalities, the admission and treatment [of citizens] of both nations, and of the representa¬ 
tives of the same shall be similar.” Frequently the clause is extended to other economic regulations, and, occasionally, is made to include 
all commercial actions. In the treaty between Japan and Germany of 1896, the two parties agreed “that in every matter concerning 
commerce and navigation, every kind of privilege, concession, exemption which one of the parties, has granted or may grant to the 
Government, vessels or citizens of any other State, shall be immediately and unconditionally extended to the Government, the vessels, 
and the citizens of the other contracting party, since it is the purpose of the two parties that the commerce and navigation of each 
country shall be treated on the basis of the most favored nation.” 

With this construction the clause contains many uncertain features which have come to the front through the great number of simple 
most-favored-nation treaties. If one State gives to another ail concessions which have already been given to any other country, there is 
little that is dangerous in such an action. It is different, however, when the clause is stated that “ in the future all advantages which 
may be given to a third party shall be at once and unconditionally given to the other party to the treaty.” This is a limitation to future 
action which could not be estimated at any time; for instance, a State which has tied its hands by a most-favored-nation treaty with 
another country, finds itself in an unfavorable position when it desires to take measures to make commercial treaties. In the first place, 
any tariff concession which it may desire to make to another party will not be prized so highly, because this concession must be given 
to all competing States. It must also bear in mind that any concession which it may make in its tariff schedule throws open the doors' 
to the competition of the industries of other countries which may be more advanced than that one to which the offers have been made. 
Freedom of action will have been limited to a considerable extent, and it will be more profitable in such a case to take up a negative 
position on the subject of commercial treaties and seek only to profit from treaties which other States may make and which will come 
to it without cost. 

One of the most peculiar instances of the most-favored-nation clause is that given in the Frankfurt treaty of 1871, because in this case 
it is not a part of an ordinary commercial treaty, limited to a certain time, but part of a treaty of peace which holds good for all time 
and can not be denounced by either party. The first effect of this article was more or less unfavorable to France, for Germany first 
took up a position of reserve in respect to commercial treaties, so that all the commercial advantages of France’s policy at once came to 
Germany without effort. This was emphasized by the difficulties which arose in negotiating the treaty between France and Switzerland, 
for the French delegates refused to give any considerable favors to Switzerland, because of the fact that such favors would have to be 
given to Germany also, and those favors which Switzerland was willing to give to France would also have to be given to Germany. At 
a later time, however, conditions were reversed when Germany began the policy of making commercial treaties. Difficulties might 
also arise in case one State wished to change its tariff system from a system of ad valorem duties to one of specific duties. Countries 
which, by means of existing treaties, receive the most-favored-nation treatment can of course demand for themselves the imposition of 
the new system of duties, for the variations in the market prices would make the duties higher in one case than the other; for instance, 
in case of higher prices the specific duty would be demanded, and in case of falling prices the ad valorem duty would be demanded. In 
the commercial treaty between Austria and Bulgaria of 1896, which contains partial specific duties, the following clause appears: “In 
each case the importer may choose between the different methods of imposing duty and may not be hindered in the exercise of this 
right in any way.” 

Although this clause is not inconsistent with a system of high tariff duties, yet the movement toward higher duties and the 
unwillingness to make treaties have caused the darker sides of this clause to be made prominent, and for this reason a strong movement 
against the clause has been made; for instance, the chambers of commerce in France have claimed that the operation of this clause 
disturbs the stability of commercial relations, which is one of the main advantages of international treaties. It changes, or at any rate 
disturbs in many respects, not only transactions already made but also commercial prospects. In 1895 some of the deputies in the 
German Parliament requested the administration to denounce the most-favored-nation treaty with Argentina of 1857; the reason was 
that Argentina received all tariff concessions which the German commercial treaties gave to the neighboring States while nothing was 
given in return. The wheat from Argentina flooded the German market on account of the reduction which Germany had made to 
Austria and Russia. 

This, in the main, is the status of the clause as it is used by the European countries. There is a decided difference in the 
interpretation given to the clause by the United States. The latter country reserves to itself the right to give concessions only in 
return for certain favors, and likewise reserves to itself the right to decide whether favors offered by other countries are the equivalent 
of those received from a specified country. The United States, therefore, is in the position to use any system of tariff, either a 
conventional and general tariff, or a maximum and minimum tariff, without the disadvantages which the construction of the most- 


1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3099 


favored-nation clause imposes upon European countries. The American construction of the clause has been the cause of much comment 
and unfavorable criticism on the part of European countries, more recently by Deputy Cahver, of the German Parliament, who, in his 
book, “Die Meistbegiinstigung derVereinigten Staaten,” has called attention to the great advantage which the United States obtains in 
receiving the benefits of the European interpretation, but practically granting nothing in return. The position of the United States, 
however, has been consistently maintained in this respect, and, in the decision of the Supreme Court, in the case of Bartram v. 
Robertson, decided on May 23, 1887 (U. S. Reporter, 122, p. 116), it was held that the provisions in the treaty of Denmark, concluded in 
1826 and revised by the convention of 1857, do not, by their own operation, authorize the importation, duty free, from the Danish 
Dominion, of articles made duty free by the convention with the King of Hawaii, but are otherwise subject to duty by law of Congress, 
the King of Denmark not having allowed to the United States the compensation for the concession which was allowed by the King of 
the Hawaiian Islands. 


THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SYSTEM OF FRANCE. 

Although Spain was the first country to attempt to use the system of maximum and minimum tariffs, France may be regarded as 
the country which has given the system its present prominence. The first efforts to have it adopted as the tariff system of France were 
made by M. Meline early in the seventies and again in 1881, but the attempts were unsuccessful; ten years later, however, the demand 
for higher rates of duty became stronger and Meline’s party viewed the plan with more favor. The method of having conventional 
tariffs with the various countries with which France had commercial intercourse was the cause of much dissatisfaction at the time, as 
the investigation of the superior council of commerce showed. The existing treaties were denounced and Meline’s bill, after some 
modifications, was adopted in January, 1892. The underlying idea of the plan was that the legislative body should fix the limits of 
the tariff rates below which the executive could not go in the effort to establish commercial connections with foreign countries. That 
is, the home industries were to be assured that they would not be disturbed by any attempts to alter the tariff rates in the minimum 
schedule and perfect stability of conditions was thus hoped for. On the other hand, in order to make it to the advantage of foreign 
countries to grant concessions to France, in return for which they would receive the rates of the minimum tariff, it was proposed to 
make the difference between the maximum and minimum rates as large as possible, so that there would be a gain if the minimum 
rate were secured and a loss if it were not. The author of the bill also desired that the largest possible number of items should be 
included in the two schedules, as that would increase the power of compelling other countries to grant low duties in return for the rates 
of the minimum tariff. If any country refused to grant either the most-favored-nation treatment to French goods, or to apply tariff 
rates which the French officials considered low enough, the maximum tariff rates were to be imposed on all goods coming from or 
through that country. 

The rates in the two tariffs differ by about 75 per cent—that is, the maximum rates average about 75 per cent higher than those of 
the minimum tariff. Agricultural products were, however, given the same rates in both the maximum and minimum schedules. By 
special decree the administration was authorized to grant the minimum tariff to all countries which before 1892 had enjoyed the 
conventional tariff and which after that date had given French commodities the most-favored-nation treatment. Accordingly, only 
Portugal was subjected to the complete maximum tariff and the United States to part of it. 

The administration was not successful in maintaining the minimum tariff intact; Switzerland was able to obtain reductions on some 
thirty articles after a tariff war of three years, while Russia secured some concessions for its petroleum and Italy some reductions on 
miscellaneous articles. 

The following are the countries which are treated under the minimum tariff of France: 


COUNTRIES. 


Date of treaties or laws in virtue of which said countries are entitled to 

the minimum tariff. 


Argentine Republic. 

Austria-Hungary. 

Belgium. 

Bolivia. 

Bulgaria. 

Canada. 

Colombia. 

Denmark. 

Dominican Republic. 

Germany. 

Great Britain. 

Greece.. 

Italy. 

Japan . 

Luxemburg (Grand Duchy of) 

Mexico. 

Montenegro. 

Morocco. 

Netherlands. 

Ottoman Empire. 

Paraguay. 

Persia. 

Roumania. 

Russia. 

Servia. 

South African Republic. 

Spain . 

Sweden and Norway. 

Switzerland. 

United States of America. 

Uruguay. 


Convention of August 19,1892. 

Convention of February 18,1884. 

Law of December 29,1891, and decree of January 30,1892. 

Convention of September 15,1892, and interpretative protocol of October 
28,1893. 

Law of December 29,1891. 

Commercial arrangement of February 6,1893. 

Convention of May 30,1892. 

Treaty of February 9,1842. 

Treaty of September 9,1882, and additional convention of June 5,1886. 
Treaty of May 10,1871. 

Law of February 27,1882. 

Law of December 29,1891, and decree of January 30,1892. 

Treaty of February 12,1898. 

Treaty of July 30,1898. 

Treaty of May 10,1871. 

Treaty of November 27,1886. 

Convention of June 18-30,1892. 

Diplomatic agreement of October 23,1892. 

Law of December 29,1891, and decree of January 30,1892. 

Treaty of June 25,1802. 

Convention of July 21,1892. 

Treaty of July 12,1855. 

Law of January 30,1893. 

Treaty of April' 1,1874, and convention of June 17,1893. 

Convention of July 5,1893. 

Treaty of July 10,1885. 

Law of December 29,1891. 

Convention of January 13,1892. 

Law of December 29,1891, and decree of August 16,1895. 

Arrangement of May 28,1898 (partial concessions). 

Convention of July 4,1892. 


It is not easy to give a clear, impartial estimate of the value of this system of tariff regulation. The advocates and opponents of 
the system too often allow their prejudices to color their reasoning on this point. But in the mass of material which has been published 
on the question two expressions of opinion stand out as being the strongest presentations of the advantages and disadvantages of the 
system. The report of M. Meline, who had been the advocate of the system for twenty years before its adoption, to the Chamber of 


No. 8-3 







































3100 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


Deputies covers the ground completely and is regarded as one of the clearest discussions of the problem which have been published. 
Directly opposed to the views of Meline are those of Prof. Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, the w r ell-known French economist, and editor of the 
Economiste Franeais. To give the fullest possible presentation of their reasons a summary of M. Moline’s report and of Professor 
Leroy-Beaulieu’s articles are herewith given. 

THE FRENCH TARIFF COMMISSION OF 1891 ON THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TARIFF SYSTEM. 

The report of M. Meline for the tariff commission of 1891 presents the views of that commission relative to the maximum and 
minimum tariff which they had planned. He begins by disclaiming any tendency to a theoretical basis for either protection or free 
trade, and claims that the members of the commission were moved entirely by the effort to find out what the present conditions in 
France demanded, and to supply these demands to the best of their ability, regardless of any theoretical leaning. He first draws a contrast 
between the natural conditions existing in England, where everything favors the greatest freedom of movement of commerce and 
industry, and finds that the same conditions do not prevail in France. The latter’s geographical location is not so favorable, and the 
natural conditions are such that production in many lines must be carried on at a greater expense than is done in England. He holds 
that the treaty of 1860 w'as an act of generosity and almost carelessness on the part of France. It was quite possible that for certain 
French industries the tariff rates were not too low, but on the whole that treaty showed that it was necessary to go cautiously in laying 
French industries open to the competition of England. Fortunately the period following 1860 was one of general prosperity, and he 
finds that the figures of imports and exports up to 1869 were not unfavorable, but since that time conditions have been more or less 
unfavorable to France. Imports have increased in considerable proportions, while the exports have increased but little, if at all, and 
instead of receiving the benefits which the treaty of I860 was thought would give to France, the contrary has, he says, rather been the 
case. Since 1860 it is necessary to consider the fact that the greater part of the countries of the world have followed a plan different 
from that pursued by France. First of all, the United States, he says, has had a prodigious development under the regime of high duties. 
Russia has folio-wed in the same direction, and has likewise made much progress. Austria-Hungary raised its tariffs early in the eighties, 
and since then has obtained favorable results. In the period from 1878 to 1888 the exports of Germany have steadily increased, while 
the imports have decreased. The results of the action of these countries he considers a sufficient proof that a country may defend its 
internal markets and at the same time not sacrifice its export interests; this, he says, is true both in regard to the United States and 
European countries. He believes that exportation is the result of prosperous internal conditions based on successful production at home, 
for a production which is successful in overcoming difficulties at home is likely to have the same success in foreign markets. Therefore, 
France must avoid making the home production uncertain and placing it open to the menaces of foreign competitors. That which other 
countries have done requires France to take measures to care for its own interests. To these general reasons must be added a special 
one which alone is sufficient to require a revision of the existing tariffs, namely, the charges resulting from the war of 1870. No other 
country at this time has such a burden to carry. Higher duties are also made necessary from the fact that the military service requires 
the use of the workingmen at the time of life which would be especially valuable in increasing their technical efficiency. M. Meline 
claims that the tariff was devised with the view of impartially protecting both the agricultural and industrial interests of the country. 
He affirms that there is a solidarity of interests in all branches of national production, and believes that this is an important factor in 
promoting the welfare of the country. To satisfy all these demands the commission decided to formulate the tariff into two schedules, a 
minimum tariff and a general or maximum tariff, the latter being a schedule of higher duties which would impose a considerable increase 
on the amounts of the minimum. The maximum tariff would be the general French tariff applicable in principle to all the countries of 
the world. The minimum tariff would constitute a tariff of concessions which would be granted to nations who give to France corre¬ 
sponding advantages, and especially to those nations which would make France the recipient of favors in their markets in a way similar 
to that which is granted them. It is thus possible that there would be an intermediary tariff between the maximum and the minimum. 
The Government recognized this and reserved to itself the right to make use of this course of action, though it also recognized that a 
foreign country might not be willing to accept this course. The commission expected that all countries would demand the minimum 
tariff, or, not receiving that, would submit to the maximum. One of the most important questions was that of knowing in what form, 
for what duration, and under what conditions the minimum tariff should be conceded to a foreign country. It was necessary to decide 
whether this should be done by means of treaties which would bind both parties and fix the tariff during the whole length of time for 
which the treaties were made. Another course which was open would be to make a simple reduction on the maximum tariff which 
would allow France to remain master of her tariff and be able to modify this concession whenever it seemed necessary. The commission 
declared that it was not ready at that time to give up the principle of commercial treaties. The only point on which it was firmly decided 
was that if treaties were to be made no concession should be given below the rates of the minimum tariff. It was clearly understood 
that such treaties would not touch the grain tariff and the tariff on animal products. It is interesting to note that no one of the commis¬ 
sion proposed a single tariff system, for in their opinion such an absolute system presented too many inconveniences and dangers. The 
first inconvenience which would arise from such a tariff, it was argued, would be that France would be forced to adopt the extreme of 
protection, as all countries which have such a system have done; it would also, it was thought, compromise export interests which it was 
desirable to safeguard by every possible means. A single tariff would take from France the concessions which foreign countries had 
granted, for if France should place herself in the position of denying favors to others there would be no possibility of demanding 
them in return. While it was possible under the system of a single tariff that measures of retaliation might be taken against countries 
which refused concessions to French products, it must be recognized that such measures were always dangerous and should be avoided 
whenever possible. 

For these reasons the commission decided without hesitation to take up the principle of a double tariff; one tariff to be applied 
generally, and the other a tariff of concessions. These concessions might be given in two ways, either by a law which bound only 
France or by a treaty which bound both parties to the contract. France has tried both systems. It was by means of a law that the 
conventional tariff was given to Italy and more recently to Greece. It w T as by a special convention that the most-favored-nation treat¬ 
ment was granted to other countries, as, for instance, Austria, Russia, Turkey, and Mexico. But in addition to these conventions, which 
contain only a relative concession, there is another means of fixing the commercial relations of two countries for a certain length of time, 
and in a way vfhich can not be changed for that time, namely, by means of commercial treaties. The characteristic of these treaties is 
that they incorporate in their text a number of tariff rates which can not be altered for the period for which the treaty is made. There are 
then two ways of granting the minimum tariff under the form of conventions. It may be conceded as a simple favor on the maximum 


1902.] 


MODEE^ TAEIFF SYSTEMS. 


3101 


tariff, but without making any engagement to maintain these rates indefinitely. Such a convention does not differ substantially 
from a law. For France to grant the minimum tariff by a convention of this class would only be an engagement to apply the lowest 
tariff to the nation to which the concession was made. ‘ ‘ But we can not make such a promise, and must remain masters of the tariff in 
order to amend and raise the rates if necessity requires; that is, we promise only not to apply the maximum tariff during the period 
of time for which the convention has been made.” The second way of granting the minimum tariff would be to incorporate it in a 
treaty and thus establish the rates during the life of that treaty. In this system a minimum tariff would take the place of the former 
conventional tariff with the sole difference that it would be given in a lump instead of piecemeal, as formerly. Between these two 
systems the commission has decided in favor of the first. It believes that the interests of the country require that no more treaties 
should be made and that a control should be maintained of the tariffs. It believes that the economic condition of the world imposes 
this measure of prudence. Ten years ago a general revolution occurred in the conditions of production, and the relative positions of 
different nations were thus modified with startling rapidity. It was formerly the case that distance, the difficulty of communication, 
and the high price of transportation formed a barrier more efficacious than customs duties. To-day this advantage no longer exists, 
and it is quite probable that similar changes will occur in the future. It is then necessary that the French producers should be given 
the greatest possible security for the future. 

It is interesting to note that at this time M. Meline believed that Germany and Bussia would no longer use commercial treaties, and 
partly for this reason wished France to avoid the use of them. It had been proposed that treaties to extend over a short period of time, 
for five years or less, should be made. This proposal was rejected by the commission because it complicated the problem without 
improving it. Treaties made for shorter periods, it is asserted, have no advantage over ordinary ten or twelve year treaties, for such treaties 
are intended to give stability to the economic system of a country for a period of time in which industries may accustom themselves to 
those conditions. Short-term treaties would provoke new discussion as to tariff rates every four or five years and would involve perpetual 
instability. From this point of view a system of tariffs without treaties would, it is believed, present a condition of economic stability 
preferable to a series of treaties for short terms. It is evident that when the new tariffs are put into force they will be changed only 
slightly and only when a necessity arises; they would be revised only in respect to a few articles. With commercial treaties, on the 
contrary, there is a scheme of tariffs which every country has a right to ask for, and with any amendment the whole scheme would be 
placed in jeopardy. While it is true that with such a system of treaties French industries might obtain advantages which could not be 
ignored, it is nevertheless true that the experience of the last few years has shown that nations wish to keep their markets for themselves 
as much as possible. 

The effort is more and more to become self-supporting and to receive from foreign countries only those articles which the home 
country can not produce. For those articles which they can produce, concessions are always refused. “For other articles we have as 
many advantages as other nations to enable us to enter their markets, if our products are treated the same as those of other countries 
when they cross the frontier. This equality in foreign markets is the right which our exporting industries can demand for their 
defense.” Under such conditions there is no doubt that French industries would force all barriers and hold their place on the chart 
of the general production of the world. To secure this indispensable guaranty, the maximum tariff has been created. If it is not 
sufficient, if a certain country attempts to begin a tariff war against French products to strike it with differential duties; Article IV 
authorizes the Parliament and the Government to increase the maximum tariff. However, it is to be hoped that recourse to this extreme 
will not be necessary and that it will be sufficient to offer competitors the choice between the maximum tariff and the minimum tariff 
to cause them to decide to accept the more favorable scale. 

In order to give the greatest possible force to the minimum tariff and to make it to the interest of other countries to solicit its 
application, two things were necessary. First, that there should be a sufficient difference between the rates of the two tariffs in such a 
manner that there would be much to gain by taking the minimum tariff and much to lose by being subjected to the higher tariff. 
Therefore, it is also necessary that the two tariffs should be applied to the greatest number of products possible. Since the more the 
number of these products is diminished the more one weakens the premium which results from the division of the schedules, these two 
points received special attention at the hands of the commission. In regard to the first point, it had been claimed by some critics that 
the rates in the maximum schedule were too low, and for certain articles were so close to the minimum that there was no advantage in 
securing the lower rate. Where an examination showed this to be the case the rates had been increased in the higher schedule and the 
final rates were such that good results were confidently expected from them. 

The enumeration of the products inserted in the two tariffs also caused some difficulty. The raw materials, which are absolutely 
necessary for French industries and which can not be produced at home, had to be treated in a special manner; this was especially the 
case with oil. This article might have been used as the basis of transactions for securing concessions from certain countries, but the 
commission did not wish to run the risk of forcing home industries to pay too high for this raw material, and for this reason the same 
rate on oil had been placed in both tariffs. In the case of agricultural products the Government had placed them in the maximum 
tariff onlv in order to give notice of its intention that such articles would not be made the subject of discussions for treaties in case it 
should be decided to enter upon such negotiations. In the case of cereals it has never been proposed to place them under two tariffs. 
As far as wheat is concerned the exception appears perfectly justified; the duty of 5 francs has been only recently voted and can not be 
raised at this time. But in raising the maximum schedule the risk must be run of increasing the price of wheat itself, since the greater 
part of this article which we need comes from such countries as India and America, where the system of a single tariff prevails. The 
result would be that the maximum tariff would be used and would regulate the price, and for this reason the commission did not wish 
to increase the actual duty'. The same is not true of animal products; the countries producing such products are numerous and many 
of them would receive the benefits of the French minimum tariff. It is therefore not to be feared that the deficiency of these products from 
any one country would seriously influence their price; one country easily takes the place of another, and the consumer would not feel 
the difference. This fact was ascertained in connection with the breaking of commercial relations with Italy. France is then in a 
condition, as far as these products are concerned, to raise its duties against certain countries without placing in jeopardy this important 
part of its national food supply. For this reason it was proposed by some to make the existing duties on meat products the minimum 
rates and to place a higher rate in the maximum schedule. It was claimed that the agricultural interest would not complain of a system 
which at the same time that it guaranteed them the existing duties as a minimum tariff would also give them a higher tariff as a means of 
defense. But experience has shown that tariffs, even when they are unusually high, are borne without complaint when it is manifest 
that they apply to the whole world; but if they seem to be directed exclusively against one country, reprisals are at once brought forth 
and the consequences are disastrous for both countries. 


3102 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


It may be added, says the report, that a double tariff has another advantage, that of giving agriculture the assurance of a definite 
minimum of protection and the certainty that it would never be touched. This is not possible under a system of treaties. If there is a 
double tariff, any reduction of duties will evidently be made on the higher tariff; if, on the contrary, there is only a single tariff, that 
tariff is the one which will be made to feel the effect of concessions made by commercial treaties. It must be conceded that such a 
danger is not at hand and that the declarations of the cabinet, as far as meat products are concerned, are fully reassuring; but cabinets 
succeed each other frequently and wisdom requires that possible mistakes should be prevented. It must also not be forgotten that the 
administration has the right to make treaties, and that if a change in public opinion requires it, a cabinet could make use of this right. 
Against this objection, which is undeniably of some force, the commission has decided that it does not wish to make tariff treaties and 
declares that, in order to obtain concessions in foreign countries for the profit of our exporters, it is convinced that the same results may 
be secured by offering the choice between our maximum and minimum tariffs. But if animal products are withdrawn from the double¬ 
tariff system and these products are reduced to a single tariff, it is quite evident that this would diminish the interest which certain 
countries may have in taking up negotiations with us to secure our minimum tariff and to give to us in exchange their lowest tariff. We 
would offer them a low tariff for nothing and they would hardly be naive enough to grant us something in return. And then, too, the 
danger must be considered that if an exception is made in the case of meat products other products will have the right to demand the 
same treatment; as, for instance, such products as eggs, cheese, and wine. If the commission had followed this advice, if it had applied 
the same rule to all agricultural products without exception, then the double tariff would have been at an end. Our principal 
competitors would be too happy if we should offer gratuitously a tariff of concessions which would apply to more than 1,500,000,000 francs 
of foreign products. As no concession could be demanded for this, none would be given. With their general tariffs they could then 
strike with impunity not only our industrial products, but also our agricultural products, and nothing could be done since it would be 
according to our will. It must not be forgotten that if we are importers of agricultural products, we are also exporters of the products 
of our soil to the extent of nearly one thousand million francs. Fortunately this danger has been avoided; but, nevertheless, meat 
products have been excluded from the double tariff. This has been done for one single reason; it is a declaration that the Government 
will not consider proposals to make concessions on such products if it should ever decide to make treaties of commerce. In this view it 
has been guided by the misfortunes of our agriculture which, after the experience of the treaties of 1860 and 1881, has always feared that 
any moment would find us engaged in the preparation of new treaties. The Government does not w T ish its liberty of movement on this 
subject to be limited in any way. On this point the most ardent advocates of a double tariff in the commission have agreed with the 
report of the commission, since they have been consistent opponents of all commercial treaties. Far from wishing to limit the Govern¬ 
ment in its movements as far as animal products and cereals are concerned, they have demanded that it should go further and not 
include in treaties either animal products or cereals, or any other agricultural or industrial products whatever. They do not consider 
that, by the fact that these products figure in the two tariffs, it is an authorization of the Government to make treaties even with the 
exception of animal products and cereals. Article IV of the law, foreseeing that some nation may attempt to apply to our products 
either differential or prohibitive duties, arms the French Government with a right to answer such proceedings by employing the 
same means. The commission thinks that it would be imprudent to give to the Government alone such an exorbitant power as that 
of fixing retaliatory duties against another country; such a power brings so great responsibilities that the commission has refused to 
give it to the Government alone. But if it should happen that Parliament is not in session when it is necessary to act in order to 
safeguard French interests, the commission has authorized the Government to take such provisional measures as may seem necessary, 
these measures afterwards to be submitted to the ratification of the Parliament. 

M. LEROY-BEAULIEU ON THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SYSTEM. 

One of the most prominent opponents of the double-tariff system is Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, who published in 1890 in the Economiste 
Fran^aise several articles expressing his views on the subject. As he is, however, opposed to all systems of protective duties, some of his 
objections to the double-tariff system would apply equally to any other system, and this fact must be kept in mind in considering his 
position. 

M. Leroy-Beaulieu finds that the system contains, first, the maximum tariff, which is really not the maximum, since according to 
article 4 of the law it may be further increased, and, second, the minimum tariff, which the Government intended to be the regular tariff. 
Thus foreign goods imported into France might be subjected to three different schedules—the minimum tariff, the maximum tariff, and 
the ultramaximum tariff. Here, he claimed, would be a field which would produce difficulties without end, not only in the interior 
markets of France but in international relations. 

In reviewing the events which have occurred in connection with commercial policy since 1871, M. Leroy-Beaulieu notes the interesting 
fact that since then every civilized country in the world, with the exception of England, Norway, and Holland, have changed their 
economic policy in the same general way. All, with the above exceptions (and possibly including the South American countries, where 
purely fiscal motives have been the cause), have abandoned, to a greater or less degree, the system of what he calls commercial freedom 
for a system of protection. He regards the tendency as a retrogressive one and explains it on the ground of imitation by one country 
of the acts of the others. Germany, he states, in 1865 showed a tendency in the liberal direction by the treaties with Austria and 
France, and showed the same tendency, though not with the same enthusiasm, when the tariff was revised in 1873; but in 1879 
Bismarck turned to the protectionist system. Since then each new tariff has brought increases in the German rates of duty. This 
action has exercised a strong influence on the other countries of the Continent. Austria, when revising her tariff in 1879, still held to 
a moderate system of commercial freedom, but in 1882 and in 1887 made decided increases in the rates of import duties. Italy, he says, 
has brought herself into difficulties by closing her markets. The Italian tariff of 1878 was a liberal one. That of 1883, and especially 
that of 1887, approached, in many respects, a system of prohibition. Belgium, which has not changed its tariff arrangements, has, by 
the law of 1887, placed a duty on live animals and fresh meats which the law of 1882 admitted free. This is the first, though decisive, 
step in the way of protection. Portugal is principally an agricultural country, and until 1887 had used the general tariff of 1882, but in 
1887 put into force a new series of higher duties. Sweden in 1888 placed duties on cereals which until then had been admitted free, and 
in 1889 the Swedish Parliament demanded that the commercial treaties which were just expiring should be denounced. Norway seems 
to be firmly wedded to liberal ideas, but there seems to be some conflict of opinion between Sweden and Norway, and the common 
pact has been amended so as to make exportations from Norway into Sweden more difficult. Because of the perpetual differences 
between the ministry and the lower house, Denmark has not made any changes in the tariff schedule for several years. Switzerland, 
because of its small geographical extent, its lack of seacoast, and the industrial character of its population, has special interest in 


1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


8103 


maintaining a large degree of commercial freedom. This has been clearly understood up to the present, for the tariff changes of 1882, 
1884, and 1887 are of a fiscal nature. Nevertheless, the protectionist sentiment is on the increase, and proposals for higher rates of duty 
are to be expected. Spain, whose agriculture, especially in the vineyard regions, has been prosperous, and whose coal industry has 
likewise developed, has not yet increased her customs duties; but it is well known that the protectionist party has increased in influence, 
both with the public and the administration. As an exception to the general rule, Holland has not changed her tariff, and, next to that 
of Great Britain, has the most liberal tariff policy in Europe. In America the United States has held fast to the principle of high 
protection. Canada is not so pronounced in adhering to the same doctrine, but is not far behind the United States. The other States 
in Central and South America have maintained high import duties, rather because of the needs of the treasuries than for the purpose 
of affording protection to home industries. Argentina, however, has already given evidences of following in the path of the United States 
as soon as she has any industries to protect. 

M. Leroy-Beaulieu admits frankly that French industries have felt the action of other countries in placing high import duties on 
the articles which France exports, and he thinks that this should influence France in arranging her own tariffs. Two points are to be 
considered, he thinks, in studying the problem. The first is to know whether this almost universal tendency toward high protection 
is a logical and beneficent one, whether France shall follow it or whether it shall be considered merely as a blind and dangerous 
imitation—a sort of fashion. The second point is the practical one, i. e., whether under the present circumstances it was best for France 
to give up her system of conventional tariffs and adopt the plan of a minimum tariff, a maximum tariff, and an ultramaximum tariff. 
In his opinion the plan is impracticable, both from the economic point of view and from the point of view of international politics. It 
removes, he says, all checks to the tendencies toward prohibition of imports; it places in the hands of the administration a power which 
will be embarrassing to it. It is to be feared that it will introduce, in regard to tariffs, a war of all against all, infinite reprisals, and 
perpetual changes. The objections to commercial treaties may be classed under three heads, viz, the length of time for which they are 
made, the impossibility of changing the tariff during this period, and the most-favored-nation clause. The objection on account of the 
length of time for which the treaties are made can easily be remedied; let them last for only a half dozen years instead of the period 
for which they are made at present. This will also remove the second objection. The most-favored-nation clause, according to M. 
Leroy-Beaulieu, is really the basis of the new tariff system, even though the French Government declares that this clause is the 
ground for most of the attacks on the treaties of commerce. The report states that the duties in the minimum tariff may be 
applied to goods originating in countries where French goods are given corresponding advantages, and which, in the first place, do not 
apply to French products duties which are higher than those applied to the goods of other nations. But according to the report this 
alone is not sufficient; it is necessary, in addition, that these duties should not be so high as to constitute an insurmountable obstacle to 
French exportation. This section of the report he considers an absolute rehabilitation of the most-favored-nation clause. France 
demands that her products (all of her products naturally, for there would be no reason in discriminating in favor of one or the other) 
should be treated by other powers on the basis of the treatment accorded to the most-favored foreign nation; if this is not done, then the 
maximum tariff is established for goods imported from that country. But as France must grant to all other nations the right to treat French 
goods in the same way that France treats theirs, then each one of the other powers has the right to demand from France, as the latter 
does from them, the most-favored-nation treatment. This clause, under the new system, would have much greater force than it had 
under the regime of the treaty of Frankfort. This treaty specifies half a dozen nations which can not be given duties lower than those 
placed on German products in France or French products in Germany. But under the Frankfort treaty, if France sees fit to make a 
concession to Bulgaria, for instance, or to Morocco or Chile, it can be done without Germany being able to make any claims for the same 
concessions. With the new system, on the contrary, if it is adopted by other nations, France deprives herself completely of this power. 
To enjoy the minimum tariff—that is, to see its products subjected to very high duties, but which in all circumstances are not absolutely 
prohibitive, it is necessary for a country to give France the most-favored-nation treatment,, and in return French products would receive 
the same treatment at the hands of foreign countries. A treaty of commerce could, by means of limiting clauses freely discussed and 
agreed upon, apply some limitations to this absolute rule of the most-favored nation; the system of the triple tariff allows no such 
possibility. Thus, according to M. Leroy-Beaulieu, there is much more freedom under the system of commercial treaties than under 
that of the triple tariff. And he claims, not only in this respect but in many others, does this proposition hold true. This absolute 
fashion of treating the most-favored-nation clause may lead to many difficulties. If it should please Russia or Austria to make, for 
political reasons, some special concessions to Roumania or Bulgaria or Servia, is France for this reason to apply the maximum or the 
ultra maximum tariff to Austria or Russia? Under a system of commercial treaties, all these delicate points are subjects for discussion 
between the Governments interested. But the new system allows of no discussion; it applies a sort of automatic regulation. Then if 
an attempt is to be made to enforce the last clause of the report above quoted, viz, it is necessary that the duties placed (by a foreign 
power) on French imports should not be so high as to become an insurmountable obstacle to French importations—that is, this 
condition must prevail for that foreign power to receive the French minimum tariff—if such an attempt is to be made, then arises the 
difficulty of finding a criterion by which to decide each case as it comes up. Under the system of commercial treaties a contract is 
made, which, like all contracts, has its good and its bad sides, but which on the whole is a profitable arrangement. In addition, the 
problem must next be solved as to how it shall be decided whether the treatment applied to French products is sufficiently moderate 
to deserve the application of the minimum tariff on imports into France from that country. Two solutions are possible according to 
M. Leroy-Beaulieu—either other countries will follow the example of France, and also have a maximum and minimum tariff, or they 
will establish such duties as they think proper on the goods coming from each country. In the first case the situation is not so simple 
as it seems; it may simply mean that France should apply her minimum tariff on the products of those countries which apply their 
minimum tariff on French goods. But it may so happen, for instance, that the minimum tariff of a foreign country, say of the United 
States, is a prohibitive one. Is that power then to receive the benefit of the French minimum tariff? The case would be still more 
complicated where a power had not adopted a multiple tariff system and should impose on French products whatever rates it pleased; 
it must then be decided whether these rates are prohibitive or not, and whether that country should be excluded from the benefits 
of the min imum tariff. If the burden is to fall on the administration, then the responsibility is a heavy one; if the Parliament is to 
decide, then there will be quarrels without end and chance will play an important role. 

M. Leroy-Beaulieu finds many other complicating factors. Neither the maximum nor the minimum are fixed once for all or even 
for a term of years. They can always be amended, and by that fact the Chamber will always find itself in the presence of amendments, 
and in principle, at least, there will be absolute instability. One Chamber may not have much respect for the work of its predecessor. 
Moreover, amendments may be provoked at any time by changes made in other countries. Other countries, not being bound to France 


3104 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


any more than France is bound to them, may make some alteration in their tariffs, and then the question comes up as to whether 
France shall make similar changes. The interested parties, and there will always be some of them, will besiege the Government with 
their complaints, and amendments will always be in order. For these reasons M. Leroy-Beaulieu concludes that the system is imprac¬ 
ticable, and that a system of commercial treaties, with rates fixed for six years and not subject to change, would be preferable to M. 
Meline’s system. 

SPAIN. 

The high-tariff party in Spain succeeded in 1877 in passing the tariff law of that date, which was the first consistent scheme of a 
double tariff used on the Continent. The schedule was arranged in two columns, the first column for countries enjoying the most- 
favored-nation treatment, and the second for the other countries. An accidental economic event soon made the system impossible. The 
ravages caused by the phylloxera in the French vineyard regions opened an unusually favorable opportunity for the sale of Spanish wines, 
and the Spanish Government soon found it necessary to negotiate a commercial treaty with France in order to obtain a reduction of the 
latter’s wine schedule. The treaty was concluded February 6, 1882, Spain sacrificing not less than 91 items of its minimum tariff. The 
tariff enacted June 6, 1886, formally contained two columns; but the more important rates of the minimum schedule were fixed through 
commercial treaties, and therefore not established by the legislative body in advance. In the later treaties with Germany, Belgium, 
Italy, Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland, Spain was compelled to go below the minimum tariff for many items. In January, 1891, the 
Government of Canovas denounced all the treaties which Spain had made with European nations and which contained clauses 
stipulating most-favored-nation treatment. This step was taken at that time to make sure that the treaties would expire in 1892 because 
of the twelve months’ notice required in these conventions. Germany, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Portugal, Russia, Denmark, 
and Greece agreed to the prorogation of their conventions on the same footing as the Dutch and British treaties, all of which were to 
expire in 1892, in order that the high contracting parties should have time to negotiate fresh treaties and that their imports should 
enjoy the same treatment as those of Holland and Great Britain. France alone did not come to an understanding with Spain. Each of 
the two countries, therefore, inflicted upon the other’s imports the maximum duties of their respective tariffs, the result of which, of 
course, was a heavy decrease in the commerce between the two countries. After the treaties had been denounced, Canovas set about 
preparing a new tariff which was to be a redress of the grievances of the agricultural and manufacturing interests against the old tariff. 
The tariff which was drawn up was similar in form to that of 1882, and contained maximum duties to be levied on the imports of nations 
having no treaties, and minimum duties to be levied on the imports of nations willing to accept the minimum of Spanish concessions. 
As a matter of fact not much difference exists between the maximum and minimum duties imposed on many articles, and in 85 classes 
of goods out of 446 specified and subjected to import duties, there is no difference whatever. Among these articles are raw cotton, raw 
silk, vaseline, benzine, petroleum, many classes of live animals, salted and jerked meats, cereals of all kinds, clear sugar, cocoa, coffee, 
tea, spices, and material intended for railway and public-works construction. In almost all the cases in which the maximum and 
minimum columns contain the same rates, these duties are two or three times higher than those in force under the tariff of 1882 and 
under the treaties of commerce. The officials who drew up the new tariff knew that Spain would take up her position on the minimum 
duties of this tariff as the starting point for the negotiation of fresh treaties. It seems probable, therefore, that the minimum duties 
were made high in order that the concessions which would have to be made in treaties would be smaller than would otherwise be the 
case. As compared with the minimum duties in the tariff of 1882, the minimum duties of 1892 are much higher, and, in some cases, are 
higher than the maximum duties of 1882. Furthermore, alcohols are not to be included in any of the reductions which may be made 
in these treaties. 

COMMERCIAL TREATIES OF RUSSIA WITH FOREIGN POWERS. 

The commercial relations of Russia with foreign countries have for a long time been regulated by means of treaties or conventions 
of commerce and navigation. 

All agreements of this nature made with the countries of western Europe and America before the year 1893 had as their basis the 
reciprocal concession by the contracting parties of the rights granted to the most-favored nation. This reciprocity provides, on the one 
hand, for the free and unmolested sojourn of the subjects or citizens of either contracting power within the domains of the other power, 
for the protection by laws and the right of pleading in court, and the right of engaging in commerce and industry, and, on the other 
hand, for the payment of customs duties and taxes of every description. Furthermore, all advantages, facilities, and privileges accorded 
by virtue of an international agreement to a third power are to be extended to the other contracting party. Moreover, these advantages 
accrue to the contracting party without delay and unconditionally, or (as was stipulated in the treaties of 1832 with the United States, 
of 1846 with the Netherlands, of 1850 with Greece, and of 1863 with Italy) “gratuitously, if the privilege in question has been accorded 
unconditionally, and subject to equivalent advantages, if the privilege has been accorded in exchange for other advantages.” 

In all these treaties of commerce, however, certain exceptions to the most-favored-nation clause are found to be inserted. These 
exceptions apply chiefly to the following subjects: 

(1) Facilities accorded to neighboring powers with the view of rendering more convenient commercial relations within the zones 
extending 15 kilometers along either side of the frontier. 

(2) Privileges enjoyed by the inhabitants of the “government” of Archangel and the northern and eastern coasts of Asiatic Russia 
as regards the imports and exports of merchandise. 

(3) Special privileges granted to the Russian marine, the fisheries, and the products thereof in Russia. 

Moreover the most-favored-nation principle does not extend in any shape or manner to the Asiatic States or possessions contiguous 
to Russia. With regard to these advantages or privileges Russia reserves to itself the privileges acquired by such treaties, so that no 
power can, through its treaty containing the most-favored-nation clause, claim these advantages or privileges for itself. 

The Grand Duchy of Finland constituting an integral part of Russia, all the stipulations of treaties of commerce signed by Russia 
and enforced within the Empire, are eo ipso applicable to that country. 

Until the year 1893 Russia maintained an autonomous system of tariffs which applied uniformly to the merchandise and products of 
all foreign countries, no distinction being made in this regard between the powers with which treaties of commerce had been concluded 
and those with which no such special treaties of commerce and navigation were in force. At the beginning of the tenth decade of the 
nineteenth century, however, new treaties of commerce were concluded between various European powers establishing differential 
custom tariffs; these gave lower rates to countries which enjoyed the privileged treatment and imposed higher rates against those which 
did not enjoy such treatment. As Russia at that time belonged to the second category, so far as her relations with the neighboring 
powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary, were concerned, she found it necessary to modify her previous tariff policy by substituting for 


1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3105 


her former system of a single autonomous customs tariff, a system of double tariffs, a maximum and minimum tariff which applied to 
the merchandise and products of countries which, in their turn, accorded to Russian merchandise and products the lowest rates of their 
custom tariffs. 

The commercial treaties made since then necessarily bore a different character. Some of them which were made since 1893, viz, 
the convention with Austria of 1894, the treaties concluded with Denmark and Japan in 1895, as well as the agreement of the same year 
with Spain, provided, like those of the earlier period, only for the reciprocal grant of the rights of the most-favored nation. Other 
commercial arrangements, however, contain special clauses which carry with them the lower rates of the Russian customs tariff on 
certain articles in exchange for an equal or equivalent reduction by the foreign power of the tariff rates on Russian merchandise, or the 
payment of the lowest tariff rates. The earliest commercial agreement of this new type which served as a basis for the Russian conven¬ 
tional tariff, is the convention concluded with France June 17, 1893. According to this arrangement, the reduced conventional rate 
applies to 52 articles or paragraphs of the Russian customs tariff; the reductions vary between 10 and 25 per cent in exchange for reduced 
rates of the French minimum tariff on crude mineral oil and the products of its distillation. This convention is supplementary to the 
treaty of commerce made between these two powers in 1874 on the basis of a most-favored-nation treatment “with regard to everything 
concerning imports, exports, transit warehousing, reimportation, local taxes, brokerage, customs tariffs, and usages, as well as everything 
concerning commerce and industry.” This convention was followed by the treaty of commerce and navigation concluded with Servia 
October 13, 1893, according to which the minimum Russian tariff rates are lowered on prunes in exchange for an equivalent reduction 
of the Servian tariff rates on dried fish and refined and partially refined mineral oils. On February 10, 1894, after long and protracted 
negotiations, a treaty of commerce and navigation was concluded with Germany, providing for the lowering of 135 rates of the Russian 
minimum tariff, in exchange for which Russia obtained in Germany the rights of the most-favored nation. In the following year, July 

9, 1895, a convention of commerce and navigation with Portugal was concluded, by which Russia consented to a reduction of 20 per cent 
on her rates on cork and products thereof, Portugal, on the other hand, granting more or less important concessions in regard to the 
principal articles imported from Russia (these articles constituting 15 paragraphs of the tariff); moreover, as regards the most important 
articles, Russia and Portugal accord to each other the most-favored-nation treatment, i. e., the lowest rates of their custom tariffs. 
Finally, July 14, 1897, a commercial convention with the principality of Bulgaria was entered into, by virtue of which the Russian rates 
on dried meats, eggs, and unground bark for tanning were reduced and oil of roses admitted free of duty into Russia; all of this was 
done in exchange for a number of concessions in the Bulgarian tariff for the benefit of Russian merchandise and on condition that the 
two countries accord to each other the most-favored-nation treatment. 

The commercial treaties of Russia with the Asiatic countries (except Japan, with which in 1895 Russia made a treaty of commerce 
and navigation similar to the conventions with European powers of the same nature) are of quite different character than those made 
with the European and American countries. 

The earliest commercial treaty now in force made with any of the Asiatic countries is the “special act ” with Persia, signed February 

10, 1828, at Tourkmentchai. This treaty provides mainly that “in order to procure to the commerce of the subjects of the two countries 
the advantages which were the object of preceding treaties, there shall be collected a uniform duty of 5 per cent of the value of 
merchandise imported into Persia or exported from this country by Russian subjects; the same duty to be assessed on the products of 
Persia imported into Russia by way of the Caspian Sea or the land frontier, as well as on Russian merchandise exported from the Empire 
by the same routes and by Persian subjects; reimported or reexported merchandise to pay no additional export duties.” 

The other articles of the treaty of Tourkmentchai contain unilateral clauses destined to safeguard the rights and personal safety of 
Russian subjects in Persia against arbitrary action on the part of Persian authorities. 

The treaty of February 3, 1862, made with Turkey, bears a similar character. By virtue of this treaty Turkish merchandise 
imported into Russia over the Asiatic land frontier pays a uniform ad valorem duty of 5 per cent, and Russian merchandise when 
imported into Turkey is subject to a uniform 8 per cent ad valorem duty. As regards importation over the European frontier, Turkey 
enjoys, with regard to Russia, the treatment of the most-favored nation. The same holds true in the case of Russia with regard to Turkey. 

The commercial relations of Russia with China are regulated by a series of successive treaties, of which the most recent ones partly 
complete and partly modify the preceding ones. The treaties in question are: 

The treaty of Kouldja of 1851, 

The treaty of Tientsin of 1858, 

The treaty of Pekin of 1860, and 
The treaty of St. Petersburg of 1881. 

These treaties assure to Russian subjects in China certain rights, containing at the same time regulations with regard to the land trade, 
of which the most important is that which grants them the right to freely engage in commerce without payment of duties within a zone 
50 kilometers wide on either side of the frontier. 

Finally, the treaty of 1884 with Korea may be characterized as an essentially unilateral treaty, as it contains only provisions 
guaranteeing to Russian subjects the right of freely moving about and engaging in commerce in Korea. 

The following table contains a fist, in chronological order, of all treaties now in force between Russia and foreign powers: 

Commercial Treaties ix Force between Russia and Foreign Countries. 


COUNTRIES. 

Date of con¬ 
clusion of 
treaty. 

Date of expiration of treaty. 

COUNTRIES. 

Date of con¬ 
clusion of 
treaty. 

Date of expiration of treaty. 

Persia. 

United States. 

Sweden and Norway. 

Netherlands. 

Greece. 

Belgium. 

United Kingdom. 

Austria-Hungary. 

Turkey.^- 

Italy . 

Hawaiian Islands. 

Switzerland. 

France . 

Peru . 

Feb. 10,1828 
Dec. 6,1832 
May 8,1838 
Sept. 13,1816 
June 24,1850 
June 9,1858 
Jan. 12,1859 
Sept. 14,1860 
Feb. 3,1862 
Sept. 28,1863 
June 19,1869 
Dec. 26,1872 
Apr. 1,1874 
May 16,1874 

Terminable without previous notice. 
One year from date of denouncing. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

China. 

Korea. 

France (supplementary con¬ 
vention). 

Servia. 

Germany. 

Austria-Hungary (supple¬ 
mentary convention). 
Spain (provisional modus 
vivendi). 

Denmark. 

Japan . 

Portugal . 

Bulgaria. 

Aug. 4,1881 
June 25,1881 
June 17,1893 

Oct. 15,1893 
Feb. 10,1894 
May 18,1894 

Feb. 7,1895 

Mar. 2,1895 
May 7,1895 
July 9,1895 
July 14,1897 

Terminable without previous notice. 
Do. 

One year from date of denouncing. 

Do. 

December 31,1903. 

Do. 

One year from date of denouncing. 

Do. 

June 17,1911. 

April 21,1901. 

December 31,1903. 







































3106 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


From this tabular statement it can be seen that Russia has commercial treaties which assure to her the most-favored-nation treatment 
with all European countries except Roumania, which country applies a general tariff uniform against all countries. Of Asiatic countries 
the Kingdom of Siam is the only one with which Russia has no commercial treaty. Of American countries the only ones with which 
Russia has commercial treaties are the United States and Peru. 

NORWAY. 

In Norway the legislative body followed the general trend of the decade in adopting the high-tariff schedule of 1897 which was 
arranged in the form of a maximum and minimum tariff. While the French tariff is designed to force concessions from foreign 
countries, the Norwegian tariff is intended to play a merely negative part. According to section 2 of the law “should a foreign country 
collect on goods proceeding from Norway or on Norwegian vessels duties higher than those applied to other countries, the King may 
decide that goods imported from such countries shall be subjected to the maximum tariff.” If no such unfavorable treatment is given, 
then the minimum tariff is applied as a matter of course; that is, the maximum tariff is regarded in the light of a retaliatory measure in 
the event of a discrimination against Norwegian products or shipping. 

BRAZIL. 

Brazil has used the double-tariff system as a means of demanding commercial concessions from other countries. The McKinley 
and the Dingley tariffs of the United States offered to the South American countries important reductions in the schedules on certain 
tropical products on condition that reciprocal advantages were given to the United States. On the other hand, if these offers were not 
accepted, heavy duties were to be imposed on the products of the countries which declined the concessions. Among the articles on 
which reductions were made was coffee, which to Brazil is of exceptional importance both as an article of export and as an object of 
taxation. Brazil at once saw the benefits to be derived from taking advantage of the offer, and on March 1, 1900, a new tariff law went 
into force. Article 2 of this law provides that “the system of the revised tariff shall be duplex, with maximum and minimum rates, 
the minimum being the existing tariff with the alterations made in this law, and the maximum that with double the duties specified 
in the minimum.” Article 3 states that, “in the execution of the tariff thus drawn up, the Government will indicate to the customs 
department which are the countries whose products shall be subjected to the minimum and maximum rates, the Government having 
the right to modify such rates, entirely or partially, with such diminutions as it may think fit to make in the terms of article 5 of 
the revenue law.” (This article reads: “The Government is authorized to adopt a differential tariff for one or more articles of foreign 
production in order to compensate concessions made to articles of Brazilian production when treated as proceeding from a most-favored 
nation, or vice versa.”) The result thus far has been that at least two countries, Austria and France, have entered into negotiations 
with Brazil with a view of reducing their coffee duties. 

THE GENERAL AND CONVENTIONAL TARIFF OF GERMANY. 

Commercial treaties may be said to belong to the more recent development of commercial policy, for the few statements which 
the older treaties contained in reference to commerce were only of slight importance. The predecessors of the modern commercial 
treaties are found in the “capitulations” of the eighteenth century, which the European powers forced from the oriental rulers, and 
more especially from Turkey. Modern treaties are based more or less on mutual concessions, whereas the capitulations were one-sided 
grants on the part of the weaker nation, giving to the merchants of the European power equal rights with the merchants of other powers, 
a low duty on imports, and other favors. 

The first half of the nineteenth century is characterized by internal economic development and the working out of the idea of 
nationality. Evidence of this is found in the formation of national customs boundaries. The German Customs Union was founded, 
while interior customs boundaries were abolished in Austria, France, Italy, and other countries. The second half of the century just 
ended brought forth the well-known French-English treaty of January 23, 1860, better known as the Cobden treaty. In this treaty 
France agreed to impose on the majority of English goods no higher duty than 30 per cent ad valorem, and to diminish the duty on 
coal. England agreed to abolish entirely the duties on certain manufactures and to lower the duty on French wines. In addition both 
countries guaranteed to each other the same treatment as was accorded to the most-favored nation. Then followed further treaties 
between England, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, and Italy, which lowered the tariffs, and because of the most-favored-nation 
clause produced a general decrease in the tariff rates in force between the prominent European countries. This group of treaties is 
generally called the commercial-treaty system of western Europe. The reaction against this movement toward lower duties took place 
in the years 1878-1881 and caused the abolition of most of these treaties and the formation of new ones. In the new system of treaties 
the main connections which were made were on the Continent, so that England was no longer the center of the system. 

Radical changes took place in 1892. France denounced all of her treaties, so that they should lapse on February 1, 1892, and gave 
notice she intended in the future to base commercial relations on the system of a maximum and minimum tariff. Two groups of States 
were then formed on the Continent: first, France, Spain, Russia, and several smaller States placed great stress on possessing absolute 
freedom of action in regard to tariffs and gave notice that they would consider commercial treaties; second, Germany, Austria, Italy, 
Switzerland, and Belgium made treaties with each other late in the year 1891, and formed what is known as the Middle European 
commercial-treaty system. The object of this system is to unite by means of tariff concessions the interests of this group of countries 
having at that time 131,000,000 people, with a large foreign commerce, and to make their commercial relations stable for twelve years. 
These treaties are known as the ‘ ‘ December treaties, ’’ from the month in which they were made. A few years after 1892 Russia, Roumania 
Servia, and Bulgaria also joined the system. The tariff schedule, which was the feature of these treaties, will be considered later. 

DURATION OF COMMERCIAL TREATIES. 

Political treaties, and especially treaties of peace, are usually made “perpetual” or “for all time.” Commercial treaties are only 
exceptionally made perpetual, though some are made to last until further notice or for unspecified periods of time. In the modern 
treaties either a definite date on which the treaty expires is given, or it is specified that the treaty is to remain in force for a certain 


1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3107 


number of years, usually five, ten, or twelve years. If such statements do not occur, then it is stated that the treaty will cease to be of 
force after notice of six months or one year is given by one of the parties. It is a disputed question as to whether a war between the 
parties to a treaty dissolves such a treaty. 

One of the most important and at the same time anomalous facts of modern international relations is the famous Article XI of the 
treaty of Frankfurt of May 10, 1871, between France and Germany. This article states: 

‘‘Since the treaties of commerce with the various States of Germany have been annulled through the war, the German administra¬ 
tion and the French administration will place as the basis of their commercial relations the principle of mutual treatment on the footing 
of the most-favored nation. 

“This rule embraces the import and export payments, the transit trade, the customs regulations, the admittance and treatment of 
the subjects of both nations and the representatives of the same. 

“Nevertheless, excepted from the above given rule are the concessions which one of the contracting parties has granted or will grant, 
through commercial treaties, to other countries than the following: England, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Russia.” 

This treaty is a perpetual one and can not be denounced, so that Germany and France are forced to grant to each other all favors 
they give to any of the six great powers mentioned in the paragraph. 

SCOPE OF TIIE COMMERCIAL TREATIES. 

The commercial treaties now in existence may be divided into four classes: 

1. Treaties with tariff agreements and with clauses providing for the most-favored-nation treatment. These treat in a detailed 
manner of the important features of the commercial relations of the two States, insure to the merchants and their goods the treatment 
accorded the most-favored nation; they also contain clauses fixing (or “binding,” as the European writers term it) the rates of the tariff 
in their own general schedules, diminishing those rates or guaranteeing that they shall not be changed. These treaties are usually termed 
“tariff treaties,” as the tariff agreements are the principal feature of the treaty, and the most-favored-nation clause is regarded as a 
matter of course. These treaties are usually made between countries which have a highly developed commerce with each other and 
which desire to stimulate this intercourse. To this class of treaties belong those which Germany has made with Austria, Russia, Belgium, 
Switzerland, Italy, etc. 

2. Treaties with tariff agreements, but without a clause providing for the most-favored-nation treatment. This variety of treaty is 
usually preferred by countries which do not admit the principle of unconditional most-favored-nation treatment. Tariff conventions, 
however, are considered as a higher mark of international comity than the simple guaranty of most-favored-nation treatment and hence 
the former usually includes the latter. For this reason the treaties which the United States has made with France and Italy contain 
certain tariff agreements, but do not contain the European (unconditional) most-favored-nation clause. 

3. Treaties without tariff agreements, but with a most-favored-nation clause. These treaties are usually composed of a few general 
provisions in which the contracting parties assure to each other the treatment accorded to the most-favored nation. They are usually called 
“most-favored-nation treaties,” because this clause represents the entire value of the treaty. Since 1860 this class of commercial treaties 
has been by far the most numerous of the treaties made in Europe. They are made in cases where the commercial intercourse between 
two countries is not extensive enough to make tariff agreements profitable or where such agreements can not be reached for other 
reasons. On January 1, 1901, Germany had only 8 tariff treaties, while she had 28 most-favored-nation treaties. 

4. Treaties with neither tariff agreements nor the most-favored-nation clause. Such treaties contain general regulations concerning 
the commerce between the two States, and are made only with such countries as are partially open to European commerce. Germany, 
for instance, has made such treaties with China, Korea, Siam, and the Kongo Free State. 

Of these four classes of treaties, that containing tariff agreements with the most-favored-nation clause is of greatest interest at the 
present time. Germany presents the most prominent example of this system of regulating foreign commerce and has become one of the 
great commercial nations of the world while using it, though it is a disputed question as to the exact extent of the influence of these 
treaties on that development. If Bismarck’s statement that in every commercial treaty one of the two parties is taken in, but that no 
one can tell which party it is until some years afterwards, be true, then it does not seem that Germany has been the loser in the series of 
treaties which have been in force since 1892. For these reasons it will be of value to give a summary of Germany’s reasons for using 
these treaties, their contents, and the views as to whether they should be continued in the future. 

THE GERMAN TARIFF BEFORE 1892. 

Germany’s position as the leading country using the conventional tariff system makes it of interest to give a short sketch of the 
reasons which led to the adoption of that system. In this connection the recently published investigations of Prof. Walther Lotz, of 
the University of Munich, are especially important and have been used in the preparation of the following sketch: 

According to Professor Lotz, the ideal toward which a country using protective tariff duties (which does not wish to exclude itself 
from the commerce of the world) tends, is as follows: Perfect freedom to impose duties upon foreign products which compete with the 
home agriculture or industry must be maintained, but the country must also strive to prevent foreign countries from doing the same; 
that is, the utility of the protective tariff policy is advocated at home, but every effort is made to prevent this idea from being exported. 

The German tariff of 1879 was made with the idea that Germany’s interests were represented by a certain group of economic forces. 
This group consisted, first, of agricultural producers who were interested in the disposal of grain; and, second, of the most powerful 
representatives of the large industries wishing to assure to themselves the home market. A uniformly complete tariff was not intended 
in this law. The results of this tariff do not seem to have harmed Germany’s export ability through the higher costs that this tariff 
imposed on the country, and an effort was made after 1879 to keep foreign countries from imposing too heavy burdens on Germany’s 
exporting interests. This effort succeeded best where a political event gave Germany the advantage; in such cases it was sought to 
influence other countries to place their duties at a low level, while Germany reserved to itself complete freedom in this respect. Without 
making any change in its own tariff, Germany secured low r rates of duties from Servia, Roumania, Turkey, China, Japan, Korea, and 
Siam. All of these treaties, however, influence only a small part of the German foreign trade. With the most of the European 
countries it was not possible to secure a treaty which granted tariff concessions without also giving special concessions on the part 


No. 8-4 



3108 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


of Germany. In the treaties which were made between 1883 and 1888 with Italy, Spain, Greece, and Switzerland, these countries 
reduced a part of their tariffs in return for special concessions on the part of Germany. It was not possible to make treaties with 
Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, France, and Australia; the most-favored-nation treatment which had been granted to these countries 
was in force up to 1892 and had the same importance as if a special treaty had been made. In opposition to the path pursued by 
Germany, France made special tariff treaties with the more important neighboring States in continuance of the policy begun in 1860. 
Some of these States, as for instance the Netherlands, might have made treaties with Germany, but this could not have been expected 
from many of them. Although the desire was present to make treaties while preserving the high tariff duties, there were certain 
restrictions in the series of French treaties which were to remain in force until the 1st of February, 1892. This was of great importance 
with reference to Germany’s commerce with such countries as Austria and Sweden and Norway, all of which had made treaties with 
Germany. There were also several countries which, like Switzerland, had only granted concessions on a small part of their tariff. 
These concessions lasted also until the 1st of February, 1892, and held good even when those concessions were not mentioned in the 
treaties with Germany. As Secretary of State Von Marschall summed up the situation, Germany ate the fruit of a tree which she had 
not planted, and the danger was present that this fruit might at any future date be denied her. Though Germany secured considerable 
advantage through the French system of tariff treaties, yet it secured much more from the fact that Great Britain in following her own 
interests had not taken up the high-tariff policy of the countries on the continent and had maintained a free trade in two respects: (1) 
England kept open her markets for German sugar, both raw and refined, and (2) England had made commercial treaties with Germany 
and Belgium. Germany’s treaty with England secured her the most-favored-nation treatment in all the English colonies and placed 
German industries on the same basis as the English, so that without the burden of a great fleet and a colonial army Germany secured 
the same economic advantages that belonged to the great colonial empire. Between Germany and Russia, during the time between 1879 
and 1891, the most-favored-nation treatment did not exist, and gradually a discrimination against German products arose. 

In 1890 Germany’s commercial relations with other European countries were on the most-favored-nation basis. A majority of the 
most-favored-nation treaties could be denounced in a short time. With regard to other countries while Germany had a claim upon a 
number of tariff concessions which had been made to other parties without reducing any of her own tariffs in return, still those States 
which were injured by Germany’s tariff policy were in the position to make retaliation at will. Of these Russia had made the most use 
of its power and had caused many German establishments to migrate to Russia. Austria, also, in spite of the limits which the existing 
commercial treaty placed upon her, found means of replying to the measures which Germany had taken. Thus, as a whole, the 
continuation of the existing state of affairs after the 1st of February, 1892, would not be possible if France should decide not to continue 
its system of tariff treaties, and then the most-favored-nation treatment would, for Germany, lose the greater part of its importance. 

the “December” treaties. 

In order to arrange for future events, a meeting of the Emperors of Germany and Austria took place in the summer of 1890, and, 
according to reliable information, steps were taken looking to closer commercial relations between the two Empires. Soon after came the 
announcement that France wished to be free from her treaties; in addition, Spain and Portugal denounced those which’had been made 
with Germany ; Roumania did likewise. During 1890 the negotiations between Germany and Austria then moved forward at a more 
rapid pace, and on the 10th of December, 1891, the German chancellor presented to the Imperial Parliament the treaties which have 
since been known as the “December” treaties, namely, those with Austria, Italy, and Belgium; they were practically the same and 
were treated as a whole. Later, in January, 1892, the treaty with Switzerland was also announced. These four treaties were to be in 
force from the 1st of February, 1892, until the 31st of December, 1903. If, on the 31st of December, 1902, notice of termination had not 
been given, they were to remain in force with the privilege of denouncing them at any time by giving one year’s notice. The treaties gave 
and claimed mutually the right of the most-favored nation, and what is of especial importance in these two countries, in respect to 
railroad rates, Germany and Austria assured each other of treatment which would be the same as that given to citizens of the home 
country. Similarly with Belgium. In the most important features these treaties continued existing conditions. Changes were made in 
two respects, however. With Austria-Hungary agreements were made in regard to inspection of meat products, a concession which 
Germany had made to no other power; secondly, tariff rates were “bound” and reduced. While Italy had previously not reduced the 
tariff rates on more than 8 articles, in the new treaties the rates on 254 articles were reduced; in the Swiss treaty the rates on 293 out of 
476 articles of the Swiss tariff were reduced; previously the rates on only 26 articles had been affected. The rates in the Swiss tariff 
were higher, however, than those which Germany had previously enjoyed, though it must be stated that the Swiss rates were much 
lower than the corresponding rates in the German schedule. As regards the rates on grain and iron, the iron duties were left unchanged; 
the grain duties were somewhat reduced, but not to the level of 1885; the other reductions on agricultural products were made partially 
to satisfy Austria, while the reductions in the case of wine were made at the wish of Italy. The reductions in the case of industrial 
products, wood, glass, pottery, straw ware, paper, leather, and textile products, were relatively small. As a whole the reductions made 
to Austria, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland w T ere upon articles which represented an average yearly import value of 697,000,000 marks 
from all countries. From the four countries just named the average yearly import value was 260,000,000 marks. It was estimated by 
the German authorities that before the treaties with these four countries were made the duty imposed on these goods amounted to about 
14.4 per cent of their value, and after the 1st of February, 1892, this was to be reduced to 13.5 per cent of their value. The same 
authorities estimated that Austria reduced its duties from about 15 to 11.3 per cent ad valorem. In spite of the reduction and advantages 
which Germany secured the industrial interests of the latter country were, as a whole, not satisfied. The main point, however, which 
seems to have been secured was that for ten years no further increases in the tariff rates could be made, and in addition it may be said 
that the protective standpoint of 1879 was maintained in the tariffs made by these treaties. According to the statement of the adminis¬ 
tration, the main reason for making these treaties was that if Germany had restricted itself to treaties with a guaranty of simple most- 
favored-nation treatment, without a tariff schedule, it would have been possible to have arranged the tariffs at will so as to protect the 
home market, but such a guaranty would not have existed in regard to the foreign markets for the export industries. Because of the 
increased cost of production, the competition between the more advanced States had become more intense, and to secure home production 
customs tariffs had been raised on all sides. On this account Germany could not reckon on a continuation of its export trade, for it did 
not likewise have the possibility of offering-to other countries the same advantage in its own markets. The chancellor summed up this 
plan of providing for a cheap supply of food products and opportunities for labor by saying that in view of a continuous increase of 
population Germany must export either goods or men. 


1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3109 


The next important commercial treaty with Germany made (for those with Servia and some South American countries may be 
passed over as having little influence on the general policy of the country) was that of the 10th of February, 1894, with Russia. In 
this treaty Germany granted the conventional tariff rates which the preceding treaties had given to other countries, beside “bind¬ 
ing” or “fixing” her rates on certain woolen goods, felts, wood trucks, pitch, rosin, fish, etc. In return Russia agreed not to 
change 71 of the rates on the 218 articles in its tariff. In addition the most-favored-nation treatment was mutually guaranteed. To 
make this treaty the German administration selected an advisory board of experts in agriculture, commerce, and industry for consulta¬ 
tion during the negotiations. It was interesting to note that the industrial interests of the country took a decidedly favorable position 
toward the Russian commercial treaty. On the other hand, the agricultural interests found in the treaty grounds for the severest censure. 
The main reason for their disapproval was in the reduction of the duty on grain, which was changed from 5 marks to 34 marks per ton. 

POSITION OF GERMANY IN THE FUTURE. 

The results of this system of treaties are best shown in the fact that Germany has decided to continue it in the future. The official 
report on the tariff, which has just been formulated, gives the lines on which the future policy of Germany will be directed. This report 
states that in the future any measures for the protection of the export industries shall not lead to any reduction of the tariff duties which 
are regarded as necessary for the protection of agriculture, but that protection to agriculture shall not go to the point of endangering the 
export interests. The latter interests are to be protected in three directions; in addition to the securing of reductions in foreign tariffs 
an effort is to be made to fix the existing tariffs by “binding” the tariff schedules, and to procure the assurance that German goods 
shall not be treated less favorably than those of any other States; the most-favored-nation treaties can secure only the last of these three 
ends. If commercial conventions were to provide merely for the most-favored-nation treatment, with the result that each one of the 
contracting parties could claim only the lowest rates of the existing tariffs of the other party, no sufficient advantage, it is held, would 
be secured for the highly developed export industries. On the other hand, abstaining from commercial treaties would not guarantee 
the maintenance of German agriculture. The protection for the most important agricultural products must be arranged so that it will 
be sufficient for a greater or less extent of time, and so that there will be no possibility of reducing this protection in any future treaties. 
For this reason the German administration declines to adopt the French system of a multiple tariff in which the lowest tariff should 
be given to such States as would give corresponding advantages and apply to German goods their lowest tariff, while other States would 
have their products subjected to the rates of the highest tariff. Such a policy would have the advantage of allowing the home country 
to control its tariff schedule so as to arrange the rates according to changes which might take place at any time; it would, however, it 
is argued, place the export interests of Germany in jeopardy and result in an unfavorable development which would outweigh any 
other advantage. The previous policy of commercial treaties, it is asserted, secures markets of great advantage to the whole country if 
tariff concessions and “bound” tariffs are properly chosen and cautiously arranged. 

It is of lesser importance to decide whether the concessions to be given in the commercial treaties should be decided in advance by 
legislative bodies. According to the ideas of the German officials the disadvantages of such a system outweigh any possible advantages, 
especially as in entering upon negotiations for treaties a great part of the possible success would be given up if the foreign countries knew 
in advance what were the limits to which tariff concessions could be given. 


CUSTOMS TARIFFS OF FRANCE, SPAIN, AND GERMANY. 


The following presentation of tariff schedules is given merely for purposes of illustration and does not purport to fully reproduce 
the tariffs of the respective countries: 


FRANCE. 


Import Tariff of France. 
[100 kilograms=220.46 pounds.] 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


FIRST SECTION—ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 


Live animals. 


Horses: 

Stallions, geldings, 
Stallions, geldings, 

Foals. 

Mules. 

Asses. 


and mares, 5 years of age and above 
and mares, under 5 years of age- 


Head. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 


Cattie: 

Oxen. 

Cows. 

Bulls.. 

Steers, bullocks, and heifers. 

Calves. 

Rams, ewes, and wethers. 

Lambs, weighing 8 kilograms and less. 

Goats. 

Kids. 

Pigs. ---••• 

Young pigs, weighing 25 kilograms and less 

Game. 

Turtles. 

Poultry. 

Pigeons... : ... 

Animals not specially mentioned. 


100 kilograms (live weight) 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

Head. 

_do. 

_do. 

100 kilograms (live weight) 

Head. 

100 kilograms net. 

_do. 

_do. 

.do. 

100 kilograms gross. 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


United 


United 

Francs. 

States 

Francs. 

States 


equivalent. 


equivalent. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 

200.00 

38.60 

150.00 

28.95 

150.00 

28.95 

100.00 

19.30 

75.00 

14.275 

50.00 

9.65 

60.00 

9.65 

30.00 

5.79 

3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

12.00 

2.316 

12.00 

2.316 

15.50 

3.855 

15.50 

3.855 

1.50 

. 2895 

1.50 

.2895 

2.00 

.386 

2.00 

.386 

1.00 

.193 

1.00 

.193 

12.00 

2.316 



3.00 

. 579 



25.00 

4.725 

20.00 

3.86 

25.00 

4.823 

20.00 

3.86 

20.00 

3.86 

20.00 

3.86 

20.00 

3.86 

20.00 

3.86 


Free. 





























































3110 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 

ARTICLES. 


General tariff.’ 

Minimum tariff. 


Unit. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

first section—animal products— continued. 






Animal products. 

Meat, fresh: 

Mutton. 


32.00 

Dollars. 

0.176 

32.00 

Dollars. 

6.176 

Pork . 


18.00 

3.474 

Beef, and other. 


25.00 

4.825 

25.00 

4.825 

Meat, salted: 

Pork (ham,bacon,etc.). 

.do. 

25.00 

4.825 

25.00 

4.825 

Beef, and other.. 

.do. 

30.00 

5.79 

27.00 

5.404 

Pork butchers’ produce. 

.do.. 

100.00 

19.30 

50.00 

9.65 

Poultry, dead. 

.do. 

20.00 

3.86 

20.00 

3.86 

Pigeons, dead. 

.do. 

20.00 

3.86 

20.00 

3.86 

Game, dead. 

.do. 

25.00 

4.825 

20.00 

3.86 

Turtles, dead. 


25.00 

4.825 

20.00 

3.86 

Meat, preserved in tins. 

.do. 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

Preserved game, in tins, pots or pastry.. 

.do. 

75.00 

14.475 

60.00 

11.58 

Pate de foie gras, in tins, pots, or pastry. 

.do. 

75.00 

14.475 

60.00 

11.58 

Ex tracts of meat, in cakes or otherwise.-. 

.do. 

40.00 

7.72 

30.00 

5.79 

Guts, fresh, dried, or salted. 

100 kilograms gross. 

10.00 

1.93 

10.00 

1.93 

Hides, raw, green, or dried, large or small. 

.do. 

Free. 


.do. 


Free. 



Wools, including alpaca, llama, vicuna wool; also yak, camel, and cash- 
mere goat's hair: 

.do. 


Free...... 



In the mass, dyed, and noils, dyed. 

100 kilograms net. 

32.50 

6.273 

25.00 

4.825 

Combed or carded. 

.do. 

35.50 

6.273 

25.00 

4.825 

Combed or carded, dyed. 

.do. 

35.00 

6.755 

27.50 

5.5095 

Waste of wool... 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free. 

Horsehair: 

Raw. 

100 kilograms gross. 


Free. 



Prepared or carded. 

100 kilograms net____ 

15.00 

2.895 

“10.00 

1.93 

Hair: 

Raw. 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free. 

Combed or carded— 

Mohair goat’s hair. 

.do. 


Free. 



Other hair. 

100 kilograms net. 

15.00 

2.895 

“10.00 

1.93 

In hanks. 

.do . 

15.00 

2.895 

“10.00 

1.93 

Feathers: 

Ornamental— 

Not prepared. 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free. 

Prepared. 

100 kilograms net.. 


Free.... 



Quills for writing, prepared or not. 

100 kilograms gross. 


Free.. 



Bed feathers (down and other). 

100 kilograms net.. 

30.00 

5.79 

25.00 

4.725 

Silk: 

Cocoons— 

Fresh. 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free.... 

Dry. 

.do .~.7. 


Free_ 



Raw. 

100 kilograms net. 


Free.... 



Worked or thrown.%. 


300.00 

57.90 

Free.. 

300.00 

57.90 

Floss- 

In the mass. 

100 kilograms gross. 

Combed. 

.do. 

10.00 

1.93 

Free. 

10.00 

1.93 

Hair, human, unmanufactured. 


Poil de Messine (a silk used for fishing lines). 



Free.. 



Animal fat, other than fish oils: 

Tallow. 



Free.. 



Lard. 

100 kilograms net. 

40.00 

7.72 

25.00 

4.825 

Other. 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free.. 

Margarine, oleomargarine, alimentary fats, and similar substances. 

100 kilograms net. 

35.00 

6.745 

25.00 

6.00 

“8.00 

4.823 

3.088 

1.544 

Grease from hides (d6gras depeaux). 

100 kilograms gross. 

7.00 

1.351 

Beeswax: 

Crude, including sediments of. 

100 kilograms net. 

12.00 

2.316 

Residues of, or waste of wax. 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free. 

Eggs, of poultry or game. 

.do .."1. 

10.00 

1.93 

6.00 

1.158 

Yolks of eggs, not fit for consumption... 


Free. 

Silkworms’ eggs.-. 



Free.. 



Milk . 

.do. 

5.00 

.965 

2.50 

6.00 

.4825 

.965 

Milk, condensed, pure. 


10.00 

1.93 

4.825 

Milk, condensed, with an addition of— 

Less than 50 per cent of sugar, one-half the duties on refined sugar and 

8 francs (81.544) per 100 kilograms. 

Less than 40 per cent of sugar, 40 per cent of the duty on refined sugar 
and 6 francs (81.158) per 100 kilograms. 

From 40 to 50 per cent, both inclusive, of sugar, one-half the duties on 
refined sugar and 6 francs (81.158) per 100 kilograms. 

Cheese. 

.do. 

25.00 

Gruydre. 


12.00 

15.00 

20.00 

10.00 

2.316 
2.895 
3.06 
1.93 

Other. 




Butter. 

.do. 

30.00 

15.00 

5.79 
2.895 

Free 

Honey. 


Manures: 

Guano. 


Other, including the residue of animal black. 



Free. 



Bones, calcined, white. 



Free.. 



Boneblack, animal black. 

.do.. 

3.00 

.579 
Free . 

2.00 

.386 

Parings and glue stock. 


Other raw animal products and wastes. 



Free. 



Fisheries. 

Products of French fisheries. 

100 kilograms gross. 


Free__ 



Products of foreign fisheries: 

Fish— 

Fresh— 

Fresh-water— 

Of the sal mourn'd family... 

100 kilograms net .. 

15.00 

2.895 

1.93 

“10.00 
5.00 
20.00 

1.93 

.965 

3.16 

Other. 

100 kilograms gross... 

10.00 

Salt-water. 

100 kilograms net. 

25.00 

4.825 


“ Per 100 kilograms gross. 

























































































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3111 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 

ARTICLES. 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


Unit. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

first section'—animal products— continued. 






Fisheries —Continued. 






Products of foreign fisheries—Continued. 

Fish—Continued. 

Dried, salted, or smoked— 

Cod,including klipfish. 

100 kilograms net 

60.00 

Dollars. 

11.58 

9.264 

48 00 

Dollars. 

9.264 

Stockfish_7_*.. 


48.00 

15.00 

2.893 

Herrings. 


20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

Other... 


30.00 

5.79 

25.00 

4.825 

Preserved by pickling, or otherwise prepared. 

.do .. .... 

30.00 

6.79 

25.00 

4.825 

Oysters— 

Fresh— 

Seed. 

100 kilograms gross...... 

Free. 

Other. 

Per 1,000 

3.00 


1.50 

.2895 

Pickled. 

100 kilograms net_............ 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

Lobsters— 

Fresh. 

.do. 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.S95 

Preserved or prepared. 

.do... 

30.00 

5.79 

25.00 

4.825 

Mussels and other shellfish. 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free. 

Fish oils.......... 

.do .~. 

7.00 

1.351 

6.00 

1.158 

Spermaceti— 

Crude........ 

.do... 

6.00 

1.158 

5.00 

.965 

Pressed. 

100 kilograms net_ 

12.00 

2.316 

“10.00 

1.93 

Rffined. 

.do .7. 

19.00 

3.669 

15.00 

2.895 

Roe of cod and of mackerel...... 

100 kilograms gross.. 

.80 

.1544 

.60 

.1153 

Whalebone, rough. 

_do.. 

Free.. 

Dogfish skins and sealskins, raw... 

.do. 


Free_ 



Coral, rough. 

_do.. 


F ree_ 



Pearls, fine... 

.do.. 


Free_ 



Fish bladders, raw, or simplv dried.. 

.do. 


Free. 



Animal substances, raw, used in medicine or perfumery. 






Sponges of all kinds: 

100 kilograms net. 

35.00 

6.755 

35.00 

6.755 



85.00 

16.405 

65.00 

12.545 


100 kilograms gross... 

Free. 

Materials for earring. 

100 kilograms gross.. 


Free. 



Tortoise shell; 

100 kilograms gross. 


Free. 




.do .7.7. 


Free. 




100 kilograms net. 

100.00 

19.30 

75.00 

14.475 

Shells: 

Mother-of-pearl— 

100 kilograms gross. 

Free_ 


.do. 


Free_ 




.do.... 


Free.. 




.do.. 


Free_ 



Horns of cattle: 

.do. 


Free. 




.do. 

4.00 

.772 

3.00 

.579 



SECOND SECTION"—VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. 






Farinaceous food. 

Wheat, spelt, and meslin: 

100 kilograms gross. 

7.00 

1.351 

7.00 

1.351 


100 kilograms net. 

11.00 

2.123 

11.00 

2.123 

Flour at the rate of extraction (aux taux d’extraction)— 

.... .do. 

11.00 

2.123 

11.00 

2.123 


.do. 

13.50 

2.51856 

13.50 

2.51856 


.do. 

16.00 

3.088 

16.00 

3.088 

Oats: 

100 kilograms gross. 

3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 

Afpfl] . 


5.00 

.965 

5.00 

.965 

Barley: 


3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 



5.00 

.965 

5.00 

.965 

Rye: 


3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 

. . . ... 


5.00 

.965 

5.00 

.965 

Maize: 


3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 

Meal ....... 


5.00 

.965 

5.00 

.965 

Buckwheat: 


2.50 

.4825 

2.50 

.4825 

. 


4.00 

.772 

4.00 

.772 



4.00 

.772 

4.00 

.772 


.do. 

7.00 

1.351 

7.00 

1.351 


100 kilograms net. 

16.00 

3.088 

16.00 

3.0.88 


100 kilogTams gross.. 

6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 


100 kilograms net. 

19.00 

3.667 

16.00 

3.088 


100 kilograms gross. 

11.00 

2.123 

9.00 

1.737 

Rice: 


3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 



6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 


.do. 

8.00 

1.544 

8.00 

1.544 

Pulse: 

Beans— 


3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 


.do. 

3.50 

.6755 

3.50 

.6i55 


.do. 

1.50 

.2895 

1.50 

. 2S95 



6.00 

„ 1 ' 158 

6.00 

1.158 

Chick-peas (Pois pointus). 























































































































































































3112 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


second section—vegetable products— continued. 


Pulse—Continued. 
Other- 

In the grain . 
Decorticated 
In flour— 
Raw 


Farinaceous food —Continued. 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 


Unit. 


100 kilograms gross. 
.do. 


....do. 

Cooked.!.do . 


Chestnuts. 

Chestnut flour. 

Dari, millet, and canary seed: 

Grain. 

Meal. 

Potatoes. 


. 1 . 


-do. 
.do. 

.do. 
-do. 
.do. 


100 kilograms gross. 
100 kilograms net... 
100 kilograms gross. 
100 kilograms net... 

_do. 

_do. 


100 kilograms gross. 


100 kilograms net... 
100 kilograms gross. 


_do. 

100 kilograms net. 


Fruits and seeds. 

Table fruits: 

Fresh- 

Lemons, oranges, cedrats, and their varieties not mentioned. 

Mandarin oranges. 

Carob beans. 

Hothouse grapes and fruits. 

Common table grapes. 

Ordinary wine grapes, residue of grapes, and must, in casks, or 
otherwise. 

Apples and pears— 

Table. 

For cider and perry.do 

Other fruits.!.do 

Dried or drained— 

Figs..do 

Raisins. 100 kilograms net 

Apples and pears— 

Table. 

For cider and perry. 

Almonds and hazelnuts— 

In the shell. 

Shelled. 

Nuts— 

In the shell. 

Shelled.. 

Prunes. 

Pistachio nuts. 

Other fruits. 

Candied or preserved— 

In spirits— 

Of European origin. 

Of non-European origin— 

Imported from non-European country direct. 

Imported from European warehouses. 

In sugar or honey, dutiable as candied fruits or preserves of 
sugar or honey according to kind. (See Nos. 93 and 95.) 

Preserves of pineapples of foreign origin— 

Of European origin. 

Of non-European origin— 

Imported from non-European country direct. 

Imported from European warehouses. 

Preserves imported direct. 1 .do 

Imported from European warehouses.do 

Fruits for distillation: 

Green aniseed, juniper berries, and fennel seed. 

Myrtle berries and prickly pears. 

Dried raisins, figs, and dates exclusively destined to distilling or to the 
manufacture of wine. 

Oleaginous fruits and seeds. 

Seed grain, including the jarosse (a kind of pea). 

Beet-root seed. 

Lucern and clover seed. 


100 kilograms gross. 
100 kilograms net... 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 


.do. 

.do. 
.do. 


.do. 

.do. 
.do. 


Colonial ‘produce. 

Sugar: 

Produce of French colonies and possessions— 

In powder (including poudres blanches) according to its estimated 
yield at the refinery. 

Refined— 

Other than candy.'... 

Candy.. 

The produce of foreign countries— 

In powder— 

The estimated yield thereof at the refinery being- 

98 per cent or less of European origin or imported from Euro¬ 
pean warehouses. 

98 per cent or less of non-European origin. 

More than 98 per cent. 

Refined- 

Other than candy. 

Candy. 

Molasses: 

For distilling purposes, including the exosmotic waters— 

The produce of French colonies and possessions. 

The produce of foreign countries. 

Other than for distillation, having an absolute saccharine richness— 

Of 50 per cent or less. 

Of more than 50 per cent.. 


_do. 

100 kilograms gross. 
100 kilograms net... 


General tariff. 


100 kilograms gross. 

_do. 

100 kilograms net... 
_do. 


100 kilograms net (of refined 
sugar). 

100 kilograms net (actual weight) 
.do. 


100 kilograms net (of refined 
sugar). 

-do.. 

100 kilograms net (actual weight). 


.do . 
.do. 


.do . 
.do . 


100 kilograms net. 
_do. 


Free. 


Minimum tariff. 


mcs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 

3.00 

0.579 

3.00 

0.579 

6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 

8.00 

1.544 

8.00 

1.544 

3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 

5.00 

.965 

5.00 

.965 

3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 

4.50 

.8685 

4.50 

. 8685 

.40 

. 0772 

.40 

.0772 

8.00 

1.544 

5.00 

.965 

15.00 

2.895 

“10.00 

1.93 

2.00 

.386 

1.50 

. 2895 

200.00 

38.60 

150.00 

28.95 

12.00 

2.316 

8.00 

1.544 

12.00 

2.316 

“8.00 

1.544 

3.00 

.579 

2.00 

.3.86 

2.00 

.386 

1.50 

. 2895 

5.00 

.965 

3.00 

.579 

6.00 

1.158 

2.00 

.386 

25.00 

4.825 

15.00 

2.895 

15.00 

2.895 

»10.00 

1.93 

6.00 

1.158 

4.00 

.772 

6.00 

1.158 

3.00 

.579 

12.00 

2.316 

“6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 

Free_ 


12 00 

2.316 

Frpo_ 1.. 

15.00 

2.895 

“10.00 

1.93 

100.00 

19.30 

50.00 

9.6)5 

15.00 

2.895 

“5.00 

.965 

100 00 

19.30 



100 00 

19.30 



103.60 

19.99 



30.00 

5.79 



30.00 

5.79 



33.60 

6.48 



10.00 

1.93 



13.60 

2.62 



20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 


Free. 



40.00 

7.72 

25.00 

4.725 


Free. 



3.00 

.579 

3.00 

.579 

30.00 

5.79 

30.00 

.579 

30.00 

5.79 

25.00 

4.825 

60.00 

11.58 



60.00 

11.58 



64.20 

12.3906 



60.00 

11.58 

60.00 

11.58 

60.00 

11.58 

60.00 

11.58 

72.00 

13.896 

72.00 

13.896 

72.00 

13.896 

68.00 

13.124 

90.00 

17.37 

85.00 

16.405 

24.75 

4.78 

20.75 

4.00 

22.50 

4. 3425 

18.00 

2.774 

52.50 

10.13 

42.92 

8.28 


0 Per 10 0 kilograms gross. 
























































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3113 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 

ARTICLES. 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


Unit. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

second section—vegetable products— continued. 






Colonial produce —Continued. 






Sirups, bonbons, candied fruits: 

The produce of French colonies and possessions. 

100 kilograms net. 

60.00 

Dollars. 

11.58 


Dollars. 

The produce of foreign countries . 


72.00 

13.896 

*68.00 

13.124 

Sweet biscuits: 

The produce of French colonies and possessions. 

.do. 

30.00 

5.79 

Of foreign countries.*.. 


10.00 

1.93 

6.00 

1.158 

Preserves: 

Manufactured with sugar or honey— 

The produce of French colonies and possessions. 

.do. 

80.00 

5.79 

Of foreign countries.*. 


36.00 

6.948 

34.00 

6.562 

Without sugar or honey. 

100 kilograms gross. 

10.00 

1.93 

8. CO 

1.544 

CoSee: 

In the bean. 

100 kilograms net. 

156.00 

30.108 

156.00 

30.108 

Roasted or ground. 

.do. 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 

Cocoa: 

In the bean and shells. 

.do. 

104.00 

20.072 

104.00 

20.072 

Crushed (in paste, tablets, or powder).:... 

.do. 

150.00 

28.95 

150.00 

28.95 

Cocoa butter*.T.1. 

.do. 

150.00 

28.95 

150.00 

28.95 

Chocolate: 

Containing more than 55 per cent of cocoa. 

.do. 

150.00 

28.95 

150.00 

28.95 

Containing 55 per cent of cocoa or less. 

.do. 

132.25 

25.52 

102.25 

19.73 

Chocolate manufactured in Algeria imported into France shall be subject 
to a duty of 1.80 francs per 100 kilograms as a supplementary duty on the 
sugar employed in its manufacture. Chocolate exported froth France into 
Algeria shall be allowed to be deducted from accounts of temporarily 
admitted sugar at the rate of 3 kilograms of refined sugar per 100 kilograms 
of chocolate manufactured under the conditions established by article 3 of 
the decree of Aug. 17, 1880. 

Pepper . 

.do ... 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 

Pimento. 

.do. 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 

Aniomums and cardamoms. 

.do. 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 


.do. 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 

Cassia lignea. 

.do. 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 

Nutmegs: 


208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 

Without shell. 

.do. 

312.00 

60.216 

312.00 

60.216 

Mace . 

.do. 

312.00 

60.216 

312.00 

60.216 


.do. 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 


.do. 

416.00 

80.288 

416.00 

80.288 


.do. 

208.00 

40.144 

208.00 

40.144 

Tobacco: 

In leaves or in stalks— 


Free. 




( b ) 

Exempt.. 


Manufactured— 

100 kilograms gross. 



For the personal use of the importer, in a quantity not exceeding 10 
kilograms per consignee and per annum— 

100 kilograms net. 

3,600.00 

1.00 

694.80 

3,600.00 

.65 

694.80 

Woods. 

Woods, common: 

Logs, rough, not squared, with or without the bark, of any length, and 
of a circumference at the thickest end of more than 60 centimeters 
(24 inches). 

Wood, sawn or squared, 80 millimeters (3 inches) in thickness and 
above. 

Wood, squared or sawn, exceeding 35 millimeters (1.4 inches) but less 
than 80 millimeters in thickness. 

100 kilograms gross. 

.193 

.12545 

.do. 

1.50 

.2895 

1.00 

.193 

.do. 


.33775 

1.25 

.24125 

.do. 

2.50 

.4825 

1.75 



.do. 

2.50 

.4825 

1.75 

.33775 


.do. 

1.25 

.24125 

.75 

.14475 


.do. 

2.00 

.386 

1.50 

.2895 


.do. 

2.50 

.4825 

1.75 

. 33775 

Perches, poles, and staffs, rough, exceeding 1 meter 10 centimeters (43 
inches) in length, and of a maximum circumference of 60 centimeters 
(24 inches) at the thickest end. 

Woods, saturated, or having undergone any form of chemical prepa¬ 
ration. 

The duties on all saturated woods, or on those which have under¬ 
gone any form of chemical preparation, shall be increased by 20 per 
cent. (This increase shall not be levied on the surtaxes of origin and 
for warehousing.) 

.. .do. 


.0864 

.30 

.0579 

.. .do. 

3.00 

.579 

Free. 

Logs of 1 meter 10 centimeters in length or less, split in quarters or in 
round pieces, having a maximum circumference of 60 centimeters at 
the thickest end: brush and firewood— 

The same wood conveyed by beasts of burden, on condition that it 
proceeds direct from the forest and not from a port, canal, or 
railway station. 

.do. 

Free. 



.do. 

.20 

.0386 

.20 

.03S6 

Resinous woods, in iogs, with or without the bark, of any diameter, of 
a maximum length of 1 meter 10 centimeters (43 inches). 

.. .do. 

03 

.00578 

.02 

.00386 

.do. 

1.50 

.2895 

1.00 

.193 


.do. 

.75 

.14475 

.50 

.965 


.do. 

Free. 

Exotic woods and boxwood: 

Cabinetmakers’ wood— 

In logs or sawed, exceeding 2 decimeters (7.874 inches) in thick¬ 
ness— 

.do. 


Free. 



Mahogany and other woods. 



Free. ' . 



»Per 100 kilograms net (actual weight). b Prohibited. 



























































































































3114 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


second section—vegetable products —continued. 

TroocZs— Continued. 

Exotic woods and boxwood—Continued. 

Cabinetmakers’ wood—Continued. 

Cabinetmakers’ wood, sawed, 2 decimeters in thickness or less: 

Boxwood. 

Other woods. 1 .do 

Scented woods. do 

Bye woods— 

In logs.do 

Ground.do 


100 kilograms gross. 


100 kilograms net... 
100 kilograms gross. 
100 kilograms net... 
100 kilograms gross. 


.do . 


Fibers, stems, and fruits for manufacturing purposes. 

Cotton: 

In the wool. 

Not ginned. 

Carded and gummed (wadding). 

Flax, raw, hackled, combed, or as tow. 

Hemp: 

In the stalk. 

Dressed, hackled, and tow. 1 .do . 

Combed. 100 kilograms net... 

Jute: 

Raw, in the fiber, hackled, twisted, or as tow. ! 100 kilograms gross. 

Combed. 1 .do. 

Phormium, abaca, and other fibrous vegetables not mentioned: 

Raw, hackled, twisted, or skeins, or as tow..do. 

Combed. 1 .do. 

Ramie or China grass. 1 .do .. 

Canes and reeds, raw. dog grass, piassava, and istle..do. 

Esparto, cocoa fibers (even twisted). 1 .do. 

Osiers: 

Raw. 1 .do. 

Stripped. 1 .do. 

Canes and reeds, known as China rattans, for basket makers’ wares. 1 .do. 

Lime barx for rope making. 1 .do. 

Cocoanut shells and empty calabashes.do. 

Hard seeds, for carving purposes.do. 


Dyes and tanning materials. 


.do. 


.do. 


Madder, either in the root, ground, or in the straw (en paille). 

Turmeric: 

In the root. 

In powder. 1 .do . 

Quercitron. 1 .do . 

Dye lichens, fit for the manufacture of orchil..do . 

Tan barks, ground or not. 1 .do . 

Sumac, fustic; barberry (bark, leaves, and twigs, ground or not).do . 

..do. 
, .do. 


Gall and valonia nuts, whole, broken, or ground. 

Other roots, herbs, leaves, flowers, berries, seeds, and fruits fit for dyeing 
for tanning. 

Various products and waste substances. 


or 


Broom-corn straw. 

Bran from any kind of cereal. 


.do . 
.do. 


Oil cake and malt refuse from breweries. 1 .do . 


Am urea, or dregs of olives, not containing more than 20 per cent of oil. 

Rags, linen. 

Cellulose pulp: 

Mechanical— 

Dried. 

Moist. 

Chemical. 


Coal: 


THIRD SECTION—MINERAL SUBSTANCES. 

Marble, stone, earths,'combustible material, etc. 


Coke. 


Cinders of. 

Graphite or plumbago. 

Coal tar. 

Bitumen. 

Mineral wax or ozocerite: 

Crude . 

Refined. 


Jet. 

Amber, yellow. 

Petroleum, schist, and other mineral illuminating oils: 

Crude. 

Refined and essences of. 

Heavy oils and residues of petroleum and other mineral oils. 

Paraffin. 

Vaseline. 


Metals. 


Iron: 


Ores. 

Cast iron— 

Foundry iron and forge pig containing less than 25 per cent of man¬ 
ganese. 


.do. 
.do. 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


100 kilograms gross. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 


100 kilograms net.. 

_do. 

100 kilograms gross. 
.do. 


100 kilograms net. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

.do. 


100 kilograms gross. 
_do. 


General tariff. 


Francs. 


1.50 

1.50 


20.00 


15.00 


4.00 

6.00 

6.00 


1.50 


1.50 


6.00 

.60 


1.50 
.75 

2.50 


.12 

.12 


12.00 

50.00 


18.00 
25.00 
12.00 
35.00 
32.00 


2.00 


United 
States 
equivalent. 


DoUars. 
0.2895 
.2895 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


Free... 
Free... 

3.86 
Free... 


Free 

Free 

2.895 


Minimum tariff. 


Francs. 


Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 


.772 

1.158 

1.158 

Free 

Free 

Free 


Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 

Free. 

Free. 


.2895 


.2895 


.1158 

.1158 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 


. 2895 
.14475 
.4825 


.02316 

.02316 

Free. 

Free.. 

Free.. 


.02316 

.0965 

Free. 

Free. 


3.474 
4.825 
2.316 
6.755 
6.176 


Free. 


. 3S6 


1.00 

1.00 


15.00 


“ 10.00 


3.00 

5.00 

5.00 


1.00 


1.00 


3.00 

.60 


1.00 

.50 

2.00 


.12 

.12 


10.00 
40.00 


9.00 

10.00 

9.00 

30.00 

28.00 


1.50 


United 
States 
equivalent. 


Dollars. 
0.193 
.193 


2.895 


1.93 


.579 
. 965 
.965 


.193 


.193 


.1158 

.579 


.14475 

.965. 

.386 


.02316 

.02316 


1.93 

7.72 


1.737 


1.737 
5.79 
5.405 


.2895 


Per 100 kilograms gross. 
















































































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


8115 


Impost Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 

ARTICLES. 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


Unit. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

THIRD SECTION—MINERAL SUBSTANCES—Continued. 






Metals —Continued. 

Iron—Continued. 

Cast iron—Continued. 

Ferromanganese containing more than 25 per cent of manganese; 
ferro-silicon containing more than 5 per cent of silicon; rich silico- 
spiegel iron containing at least 30 per cent of silicon and man¬ 
ganese; chromic iron containing 10 per cent of chromium or more; 
ferro-aluminum containing 10 per cent of aluminum or less. 

Ferro-aiuminum containing more than 10 per cent and less than 20 
per cent of aluminum. 

Wrought iron, crude, in blooms, prisms, or bars— 

Containing 4 per cent or more of dross. 

100 kilograms gross. 

4.75 

Dollars. 

0.91167 

3.50 

Dollars. 

.do. 

9.00 

1.737 

7.50 

1.4475 

.do. 

5.00 

.965 

4.50 

.8682 

Other.I. 


6.00 

1.158 

5.00 

.965 

Iron, drawn in bars, angle and T-iron, axles and tires, in the rough. 

.do. 

6.00 

1.158 

5.00 

.965 

Iron or steel, machine.. 


7.50 

7.50 

1.4475 

1.4475 

6.50 

1.2545 

Iron or steel for hoops, in bands— 

Of more than 1 millimeter (0.0394 inch) in thickness. 

.do. 

6.50 

1.2545 

Of 1 millimeter or less in thickness . 

.do. 

8.00 

7.50 

8.00 

10 00 

1.544 

7.00 

1.351 

Sheet and plate iron— 

Rolled or hammered, flat, more than 1 millimeter (0.0394 inch) in 
thickness— 

Not cut. 



7.00 

1.351 

Cut to anv shape. 


1.544 

7.50 

1.4475 

Sheet iron, thin, and black iron plate, flat, more than six-tenths of 
a millimeter (0.0157 inch) and up to 1 millimeter in thickness— 
Not cut. 


1.93 

9.00 

1.737 

Cut to anv shape. 

100 kilograms net. 

11.00 

2.123 

“10.00 

1.93 

Sheet iron, thin, and black iron plates, flat, of six-tenths of a milli¬ 
meter (0.0157 inch) in thickness or less— 

Not cut. 


11.00 

2.123 

10.00 

1.93 

Cut to anv shape. 

.do. 

12.00 

2.316 

11.00 

2.123 

Iron, tinned (tin),'coppered, leaded, or zineked— 

More than six-tenths of a millimeter in thickness. 


14.00 

2.702 

12.00 

2.316 

Of six-tenths of a millimeter in thickness or less. 


15.00 

8.00 

2.895 

13.00 

2.509 

Iron or steel wire, tinned, coppered, zineked, galvanized, or not— 
More than 2 millimeters (0.0787 inch) in diameter. 

100 kilograms gross. 

1.544 

7.00 

1.351 

More than 1 millimeter and up to 2 millimeters (0.0394 to 0.078 
inch) in diameter, inclusive. 

From five-tenths (0.0197 inch) to 1 millimeter in diameter, 
inclusive. 

Less than five-tenths of 1 millimeter in diameter. 

100 kilograms net. 

11.00 

2.123 

10.00 

1.93 

.do. 

13.00 

22.00 

20.00 

7.00 

6.00 
7.00 
7.00 
10 00 

2.509 

12.00 

.386 

.do. 

4.246 

20.00 

3.86 

Iron shavings, cuttings from wire-drawing. 

.do. 

3.86 

17.00 

3.281 

Rails of iron or steel.~. 

100 kilograms gross. 

1.351 

6.00 

1.158 

Steel— 

In bars— 

Ingots... 


.965 

5.00 

.965 

Blooms or billets..... 

.do. 

1.351 

6.00 

1.158 

Other, of all kinds. 


1.351 

6.00 

1.158 

Axles and tires, rough. 

.do. 

1.93 

8.00 

1.544 

Fine, for tools. 

100 kilograms net. 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

In sheets or bands— 

Brown, hot-rolled— 

More than 1 millimeter (0.0394 inch) in thickness— 

Not cut. 

100 kilograms gross. 

7.50 

1.4475 

7.00 

1.351 

Cut to any shape. 

.do .~. 

9.50 

8.00 

10.00 

1.8335 

9.00 

1.737 

More than six-tenths (0.0157 inch) and up to 1 millimeter, in¬ 
clusive, in thickness— 

.do. 

1 544 

7.50 

1.4475 

Cut to any shape. 

.do. 

1.93 

9.50 

1.8335 

Of six-tenths of a millimeter in thickness or less— 

Not cut... 

100 kilograms net. 

11.00 

2.123 

10.00 

1.93 

Cut to any shape .. 

.do . 

12.00 

2.316 

11.00 

2.133 

White, cold-rolled, of any thickness— 

.do. 

19.00 

3.667 

15.00 

2.895 

Cut to anvshape. 

.do. 

20.00 

3.86 

16.50 

3.1845 


.do. 

40.00 

7.72 

30.50 

5.79 


100 kilograms gross. 

Free. 

Fragments of old manufactures— 

.do. 

2.00 

.386 

1.50 

.2895 



1.00 

• .193 

.75 

.14475 



Free. 

Copper: 

.do. 


Free. 



Pure or alloyed with zinc or tin— 

.do. 


Free. 




100 kilograms net. 

13.00 

2.509 

‘10.00 

1.93 

In wire of all sizes polished or not, other than gilt or silvered. 

.do. 

13.00 

2.509 

»10.00 

1.93 

Aluminum bronze, crude, not containing more than 20 per cent of 
aluminum. 

Gilt or silvered, in lumps or ingots, hammered, drawn, rolled, or spun 
on thread or on silk. 

■Filings and fragments of old manufactures.. 

.do. 

13.00 

2.509 

“10.00 

100.00 

1.93 


130.00 

25.09 

Free. 

19.30 

100 kilograms gross. 

Lead: 

Ores, mattes, and slag of all kinds— 

CYinfaining f!0 per cent nf mPtfl] op less . 

.do. 






.do. 

1.50 

3.00 

4.00 

.289 

.579 

.772 

1.25 

2.50 

3.50 

.238 

.484 

Id crude lumps, pigs, bars, or slabs— 

Argentiferous, containing 25 grams and more of silver per 100 kilo¬ 
grams of pig lead. 

Not argentiferous, containing less than 25 grams of silver per 100 
kilograms— 

Coming from countries where argentiferous lead is exempt from 
export duty. 

Of other origin. b 

.do. 

.do. 

.675 



»Per 100 kilograms gross. b Same duties increased by the export duty collected in the country of origin. 


No. 8-5 






























































































































3116 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 

ARTICLES. 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


Unit. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

THIRD SECTION—MINERAL SUBSTANCES—Continued. 






Metals —Continued. 

Lead—Continued. 

Alloyed with antimony, in lumps. 

100 kilograms gross. 

7.00 

Dollars. 

1.351 

6.50 

Dollars. 

1.255 

Hammered or rolled . . . .*. 


7.00 

1.351 

6.50 

1.255 

Filings and fragments of old manufactures. 

:::::do 

4.00 

.772 

3.50 

. 675 

Tin: 

Ore. 



Free. 



In crude lumps, pigs, bars, or slabs. . 

do. 


Free. 



Alloyed with antimony (Britannia metal), in ingots. 

.do. 

5.00 

.965 

5.00 

9.C5 

Pure or alloyed, hammered or rolled.7..7. 

.do. 

6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 

Filings and fragments of old manufactures _ 

do 

Free. 



Zinc: 

Ore. 

. 

do . 


Free. 



In crude lumps, pigs, bars, or slabs. 

_do.. 


Free. 



Rolled. 

.do. 

4.00 

.772 

4.00 

.772 

Filings and fragments of old manufactures. 

.. .do. 

Free. 



Nickel: 

Ore. 

.do. 


Free. 




.. .do -. 


Free. 






Free. 



Pure, hammered, rolled, or drawn. 

100 kilograms net .. 

13.00 

2.509 

“10.00 

1.93 

Alloyed with copper, with or without zinc— 

In ingots or crude lumps. 

100 kilograms gross_ 

10.00 

1.93 

7.50 

1.4475 

Hammered, rolled, drawn. 

100 kilograms net... 

23.00 

4.439 

17.50 

3.3775 


100 kilograms gross... 

Free. 

Antimony: 

...do .. 


Free. 



( ; ray ore, smelted. 

.do. 


Free. 



Metallic, or regulus. 

.do... 

6.00 

1.158 

6.00 

1.158 

Ar senic: 

Ore. 


Free. 

Metallic. 

.do_ 


Free_1... ..'.. 

Cadmium, crude. 



Free.L... 1 . 

Bismuth (tin glass). 

.do. 


Free_1___'. 


.do. 


Free. 1 ... 1 .. 


.do. 


F ree.1...1_..... 

Ores not mentioned. 



Free_l__ __ _1_ _ 

FOURTH SECTION—MANUFACTURES. 






Glass and crystal. 

Plate glass: 

Less than one-half of a square meter in surface. 

100 kilograms net .. 

25.00 

4.825 

20.00 

1.00 

3.86 

.193 

One half of a square meter, inclusive, to 1 square meter, exclusive— 

Square (10.7642 square feet)meter. 

1.25 

.2412 

Polished or silvered. 

4.00 

.772 

3.00 

.579 

One square meter or more— 


3.00 

.579 

2.00 

.386 

Polished or silvered. 


5.00 

. 965 

3.50 


Glass, common, castor molded, with or without grooves, reliefs, or perfora¬ 
tions, of any thickness, shape, or size, for insulators, roofing, windows, 
piping, or pavements. 

Table glass, of glass or crystal: 

plain or molded, white or of one color, and dyed in the paste. 

100 kilograms gross. 

6.00 

1.158 

4.50 

.8682 


6.00 

1.158 

4.00 

.772 

Cut and engraved in any other manner than is necessary for effacing 
the mark of the pontee". 

Deerirsitpri in gold or color. 

100 kilograms net. 

20.00 

3.86 

16.00 

3.088 


35.00 

6.755 

28.00 

5.404 



18.00 

3.474 

15.00 

2.895 

.965 

1.93 

3.86 

19.30 

2.895 

9.65 
9.65 

2.895 

2.895 
28.95 

.965 

1.158 

3. S6 

19.30 

24.125 
28.95 

.6755 

Windowgluss: 

Common— 

Panes not evcecding f>0 square centimeters in surface. 

100 kilograms gross. 

7.00 

1.351 

5.00 

P ? mp<? preceding 50 square centimeters in surface. 

100 kilograms net. 

12.00 

2.316 

“ 10.00 
20.00 
100.00 

15.00 

50.00 

50.00 

15.00 

15.00 

150.00 

5.00 

6.00 

20.00 

100.00 
125.00 
150.00 

3.50 

Pn] 'rerl nr slightly tinted glass, undulated glass. 

.do. 

25.00 

4.825 

Framed window glass, colored glass, enameled, engraved, decorated 
with lithographic, photographic, or other prints, or hand painted. 
Watch glasses: 

.do. 

120.00 

23.16 

.do. 

20.00 

3.86 


.do. 


14.475 


.do. 

180.00 

34.74 

Spectacle and optical glasses: 


30.00 

5.79 


.do. 

30.00 

5.79 


.do. 

180.00 

34.74 

Vitrifications: 

Vitrifications and enamel, in lumps and tubes— 

100 kilograms gross. 

6.00 

1.158 


.do. 

7.50 

1.4475 
5.79 

28.95 

28.95 

33.775 

.8682 

Free 

Vitrifications in beads, perforated or cut, spun glass, balls, and imita¬ 
tion coral of glass. 

Imitation precious stones, trinkets of glass, colored or not. 

100 kilograms net. 

30.00 

150.00 
150.00 
175.00 

.do. 

Flowers and ornaments of beads and porcelain, mosaics on paper. 

.do. 

Wreaths, finished or not, and other vitrified or porcelaneous articles, 
with or without metal ornaments. 

.do. 

100 kilograms gross. 

4.50 



Incandesce it electric ian.ps: 

100 kilograms net. 

400.00 

77.20 
154.40 
7.72 

350.00 
700.00 
30.00 

67.55 
135.10 
5.79 



800.00 

Glass articles net otherwise mentioned. 


40.00 


“ Per 100 kilograms gross. 














































































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3117 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 

PER CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES. 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 

« 

Unit. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

fourth section—manufactures— continued. 

Yams. 

Yams of linen, hemp, and ramie, pure, not glazed measuring to the kilogram 
of single yarn: 

Single— 

Unbleached— 

In skeins— 

2 000 meters or less. 

100 kilograms net.... 

21.00 

Dollars. 

4.053 

16.00 

Dollars. 

3.088 

2|000 to 5.000. 

.do. 

24.00 

4.632 

18.00 

3.474 

5’000 to 10.000. 

.do. 

30.00 


23.00 

4.439 

10 000 to 20,000. 


43.00 

8.299 

33.00 

6.369 

20.000 to 30,000. 

.do... 

52.00 

10.036 

40.00 

7.72 

30.000 to 40,000. 

.do..... 

65.00 

12.545 

50.00 

9.65 

40,000 to 60^000. 

.do. 

91.00 

17.563 

70.00 

13.51 

More than 60,000. 

.do. 

130.00 

25.09 

100.00 

19.30 

In balls, on cardboard, or otherwise, duty of unbleached single 
yarn in skein, with an addition of. 

Bleached or dyed— 

In skeins— 

2 000 meters or less... 


32 per cent.. 

25 percent.. 

100 kilograms net. 

27.00 

5.211 

20.80 

4.0144 

2 100 to 5,000. 

.do . 

31.00 

5.983 

23.40 

4.5162 

5 000 to 10,000. 

.do. 

30.00 

7.527 

29.90 

5.7707 

10 000 to 20,000. 

.do. 

56.00 

10.808 

42.90 

8.2527 

20 000 to 30 000. 

.do. 

68.00 

13.194 

52.00 

10.036 

30 000 to 40,000. 

.do. 

85.00 

16.405 

65.00 

12.545 

40 000 to 60 000. 

.do. 

119.00 

22.967 

91.00 

17.563 

More than 60.000. 

.do. 

170.00 

32.81 

130.00 

25.09 

In balls, on cardboard, or otherwise, duty of single bleached or 
dyed yarn in skeins, with an addition of. 

Twisted— 

Unbleached— 

In skeins— 

2 000 meters or less. 


26 per cent.. 

20 percent.. 

100 kilograms net. 

27.00 

5.211 

20.80 

4.0144 

2 000 to 5 000 . 

.do. 

31.00 

5.983 

23.40 

4.5162 

is non tn in ooo . 

.do. 

39.00 

7.527 

29.90 

5.7707 

in nnn to 2 <i non ... 

.do. 

56.00 

10.808 

42.90 

8.2547 

90 non to an non ... 

.do. 

68.00 

13.124 

52.00 

10.036 

an ono tn 40 non . 

.do. 

85.00 

16.405 

65.00 

12.545 

40 000 to 60 000 . 

.do. 

119.00 

22.967 

91.00 

17.563 


.do. 

170.00 

32.81 

130.00 

25.09 

In balls, on cardboard, or otherwise, duty of unbleached twisted 
yarn in skeins, with an addition of. 

Bleached or dyed— 

In skeins— 


26per cent.. 

20per cent.. 

100 kilograms net. 

35.00 

6.755 

27.05 

5.2206 

9 OOO to Ft OOO . 

.do. 

40.00 

7.72 

30.40 

5.8672 

Ft OOO to 10 000 . 

.do. 

51.00 

9.843 

38.90 

7.5077 

in ooo t<-> 90 non ._. 

.do... 

73.00 

14.069 

55.75 

10.7598 

90 OOO tn 20 000 . 

.do. 

88.00 

16.984 

67.60 

13.0468 

30 000 to 40 000. 

.do. 

110.00 

23.16 

84.50 

16.3085 

40 OOO tn 60 000 . 

.do. 

154.00 

29.722 

118.30 

22.8319 


.do. 

220.00 

42.46 

170.00 

32.81 

In balls, on cardboard, or otherwise, duty of bleached or dyed 
twisted yarn in skeins with an addition of. 

Yams of linen, hemp, and ramie, not glazed, mixed; the linen, hemp, or 
ramie predominating in weight same duty as pure yams, according to 
kind and class. 

Yams of jute, pure, not glazed, measuring to the kilogram of single yam: 
Single— 

Unbleached- 
In skeins— 


26 per cent.. 


20per cent.. 


100 kilograms gross. 

7.50 

1.4475 

6.75 

1.3028 

9 001 tr» 4 000 . 


9.00 

1.737 

7.50 

1.4475 

4 QOl tO 6 OQO . 

100 kilograms net. 

12.50 

2.4125 

11.00 

2.123 

More than 6,000 meters, same duty as linen yams, according 
to kind and class. 

In balls, or cardboard, or otherwise— 

100 kilograms gross. 

9.45 

1.8138 

8.10 

1.5633 

9 001 tn 4 000 . 

100 kilograms net. 

11.34 

2.1881 

•9.00 

1.737 

4 001 to 6 ooo . 

.do. 

15.75 

3.03975 

13.20 

2.5476 

More than 6,000 meters, duty of unbleached single yam in 
skeins, according to kind. 

Bleached or dyed— 

In skeins— 

.do. 

10.50 

2.0265 

»9.75 

2.6924 

9 OOl tn 4 000 . . 

.do . 

12.00 

2.316 

10.50 

2.0265 

4 001 to 6 O00 . 

.do . 

15.50 

2.9915 

14.00 

2.702 

More than 6,000 meters, same duty as bleached or dyed yarns 
of linen in skeins, according to class. 

In balls, on cardboard or otherwise — 

.do. 

13.23 

2.5544 

11.70 

2.2581 

9 OOl tn 4 OOO . .. 


15.12 

2.55339 

12.60 

2.4318 

4 001 to 6 006 . 

.do. 

19.53 

3.7693 

16.80 

3.2424 

More than 6,000 meters, same duty as bleached or dyed single 
linen yarn in balls, according to class. 

Twisted- 

Unbleached — 

In skeins — 


10.42 

2.011 

•8.77 

1.6929 

9 nm tn 4 ono .. 


12.51 

2.4144 

» 9.75 

1.8817 

4 001 to 6 000 . 


17.37 

3.351 

14.30 

2.7599 

More than 6,666 meters, duty of unbleached linen yarn in 
skeins, according to class. 







Per 100 kilograms gross. 




































































































































3118 


MODEKN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES. 


General tariff. 


Minimum tariff. 


Unit. 


fourth section—manufactures— continued. 


Yarns— Continued. 


Yarns of jute, pure, not glazed, etc.—Continued. 

Twisted—Continued. 

Unbleached—Continued. 

In balls, on cardboard or otherwise— 

2,000 meters or less. 

2,001 to 4,000. 

4,001 to 0,000... 

More than 6,000 meters, duty of unbleached linen yarn in 
balls, according to class. 

Bleached or dyed— 

In skeins— 

2,000 meters or less. 

2,001 to 4,000. 

4,001 to 6,000. 

More than 6,000 meters, duty of bleached or dyed twisted 
yarn of linen in skeins, according to class. 

In balls, on cardboard or otherwise— 

2,000 meters or less. 

2,001 to 4,000. 

4,001 to 6,000. 

More than 6,000 meters, duty of bleached or dyed twisted 
yarn of linen in balls, according to class. 

Yarns of jute, mixed, not glazed; the jute predominating in weight, same 
duty as pure yarns of jute. 

Yarnsof phormium tenax, abaca, and other vegetable fibers, not mentioned, 
not glazed, pure or mixed; the phormium, abaca, etc., predominating in 
weight: 

Unbleached. 

Bleached or dyed. 

Glazed yarns, twine, cordage, of hemp, linen, jute, phormium tenax, abaca, 
and other vegetable fibers not mentioned, pure or mixed: 

Twine or glazed yarns, single or single-twisted, measuring in length, to 
the kilogram— 

Unbleached— 

In skeins— 

200 meters or less... 

200 to 500 . 

500 to 1,000. 

1,000 to 2,000. 

2,000 to 4,000. 

More than 4,000 meters, same duty as twisted yarns in skeins, 
according to kind. 

In balls, duty of twine, unbleached, in skeins, with an addition of. 
Bleached or dyed— 

In skeins duty of twine, unbleached, in skeins, with an addi¬ 
tion of. 

In balls, duty of twine, unbleached in balls, with an addition of. 
Cordage or yarns, double-twisted, and cables, glazed or not, tarred or 
not, having a diameter of— 

10 millimeters or less— 

Unbleached, duty of twine, unbleached, in skeins, with an ad¬ 
dition of. 

Bleached or dyed, duty of cordage or yams, twisted, unbleached, 
with an addition of. 

Exceeding 10 millimeters— 

Unbleached. 

Bleached or dyed. 

Yarns of cotton, pure: 

Single- 

Unbleached, measuring to one-half kilogram— 

15.500 meters or less (16,895 yards). 

15.500 to 20,500 (16,895 to 22,845 yards). 

20.500 to 25,500 ( 22,345 to 27,795 yards). 

25.500 to 30,500 (27,795 to 33,245 yards). 

30.500 to 35,500 (33,245 to 38,695 yards). 

35.500 to 40,500 (38,695 to 44,145 yards). 

40.500 to 45,500 (44,145 to 49,595 yards). 

45.500 to 50,500 ( 49,595 to 55,045 yards). 

50.500 to 60,500 ( 55,045 to 65,945 yards). 

60.500 to 70,500 ( 65,945 to 76,845 yards). 

70.500 to SO,500 (76,845 to 87,745 vards). 

80.500 to 90,500 (87,745 to 98,6-15 vards). 

90.500 to 100,500 ( 98,645 to 109,54o vards). 

100.500 to 110,500 (109,545 to 120,445 vards). 

110.500 to 120,500 (120,445 to 131,345 vards). 

120.500 to 130,500 (131,345 to 142,245 vards). 

130.500 to 140,500 (142,245 to 153,145 vards). 

140.500 to 170,500 (153,145 to 196,745 yards). 

170.500 and over (176,745 yards and over). 

Bleached, duty of unbleached yarns, with an addition of. 

Dyed or clouded, duty of unbleached yarns, with an addition of. 

Glazed, duty of yarns, single, bleached or dyed, with an addition of. 

Twisted- 

In ordinary skeins— 

Of two or three threads— 

Unbleached, duty of single yarns, with an addition of. 

Bleached, duty of twisted yarns, unbleached, with an addi¬ 
tion of. 

Dyed or clouded, duty of twisted yarns, unbleached, with an 
addition of. 

Glazed, duty of twisted yarns, bleached or dyed, with an ad¬ 
dition of. 


100 kilograms net 

-do. 

-do. 


do 

do 

do 


do 

do 

do 


100 kilograms net, 
-do.. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


100 kilograms net 
_do. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


Kilogram 
_do 


Kilogram 
_do_ 


Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 

13.12 

2.532 

10.52 

2.0298 

15.76 

3.030 

11.70 

2.2581 

21.88 

4.269 

17.16 

3.3106 

14.59 

2.8159 

12.67 

2.4456 

16.68 

3.3428 

13.65 

2.6348 

21.54 

4.1567 

18.20 

3.5126 

18.38 

3.5473 

15.20 

2.9336 

21.01 

4.0549 

16.38 

3.1633 

27.14 

5.238 

21.84 

4.2228 

12.50 

2.4125 

»10.00 

1.93 

16.50 

3.1845 

13.00 

2.509 

32.50 

6.1725 

25.00 

4.825 

39.00 

7.521 

30.00 

5.79 

45.50 

8.7545 

35.00 

6.755 

52.00 

10.036 

40.00 

7.72 

5S.50 

11.2905 

45.00 

8. G58 

26 per cent.. 


20 per cent.. 


39 per cent.. 


30 per cent.. 


32per cent.. 


25 percent.. 


45 per cent.. 


35 percent.. 


39 per cent.. 


30 per cent.. 


26.00 

5.018 

20.00 

3.86 

34.00 

6.562 

26.00 

5.018 

19.50 

3.7635 

15.00 

2.895 

24.00 

4.637 

18.50 

3.5705 

28.50 

5.404 

22.00 

4.246 

36.50 

6.89975 

28.00 

5.404 

45.50 

8.7545 

35.00 

6.755 

52,00 

10.036 

40.00 

7.72 

6S.50 

11.2905 

45.00 

8.658 

65.00 

12.545 

50.00 

9.65 

78.00 

15.054 

60.00 

11.58 

91.00 

17.563 

70.00 

13.51 

104.00 

20.072 

80.00 

15.44 

123.50 

23.8355 

95.00 

18.335 

143.00 

27.599 

110.00 

21.23 

169.00 

32.617 

130.00 

25.09 

195.00 

37.635 

150.00 

28.95 

234.00 

45.162 

180.00 

34.94 

273.00 

52.689 

210.00 

40.53 

338.00 

65.234 

260.00 

50.18 

403.00 

77.779 

310.00 

59.83 

20 per cent.. 


15 per cent.. 


.40 

. 0772 

.30 

.0579 

.60 

.1158 

.45 

.0869 

36 per cent.. 


30 per cent.. 


20 per cent.. 


15 per cent.. 


.40 

.0772 

.30 

.0579 

.60 

.1158 

.45 

.0869 


Per 100 kilograms gross. 
































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


8119 


Impost Tariff of France— Continued. 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES. 

Unit. 

fourth section—manufactures— continued. 

Yarns —Continued. 

Yams of cotton, pure—Continued. 

Twisted—Continued. 

In ordinary skeins—Continued. 

Of four threads or more, unbleached, bleached, or dyed— 

Single-twisted... 

1,000 meters of length of single 
yarn. 

.do. 

Double-twisted and cable. 

Manufactured, i. e., in balls, on bobbins, skeins, hanks, or other 
forms of mercery, whatever be the number of threads, unbleached, 
bleached, or dyed— 

Single twisted. 

1,000 meters (1,090 yards) of length 
of single yarn. 

Double-twisted and cable. 

Cotton warps: 

Unbleached, dutv of unbleached vam, with an addition of.'. 

Bleached, dutv of unbleached warns, with an addition of__ 

Dyed, dutv of unbleached warps, with an addition of. 

Kilograms.. 

Y'arns of cotton, mixed, the cotton predominating in weight, same duty as 
pure cotton yarn. 

Ilides, steins, and pdiries, prepared. 

Skins and hides, prepared: 

Simply tanned or tawed— 

Goat, kid, sheep, and lamb skins..... 

100 kilop-mms not. 

Other, including those smoothed— 

Whole hides. 


Cowhides, squared (croupons). 


Parings and scrapings. 

.do.. 

Curried— 

(а) Calfskins, varnished, or ready to be varnished, but not having 

received any of the preparations mentioned in the following 
paragraph. 

(б) Goat, kid, sheep, lamb, and calfskins, be they in their natural 

color, or dyed, or blackened by steeping or by scrubbing; 
smoothed, shagreened, checkered, morocco, glossed or dull. 

(c) Cowhides and other large hides, dyed, or blackened by steeping 

or by scrubbing; smoothed, shagreened, checkered, printed, 
morocco, glossed or dull. 

(d) Hides, squared, for fine saddlery, pigskins, be they in their natu¬ 

ral color, black, brown, or otherwise dyed. 

(e) Sheepskins, prepared or not in Europe, with raw skins of trans¬ 

marine origin, neither scraped, dull dyed, nor smoothed, for 
shoe linings, etc. 

.do. 

.do... 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 



.do. 

Other, not mentioned, not dved. 




Manufactures of skins or leather— 

Snips nit. out of beaten and smooth leather, and heels. 

.do. 

Uppers of top boots, boots, shoes, vamps, galoehes (cambered or not), 
and upper heels, of calf, cow, horse, goat, or kid leather and skins— 



.do. 


Pair. 






100 kilograms net. 

Gloves— 

Of lamb or calfskin— 

12 pairs.. 



Of goat skin or kid— 



.do. 


100 kilograms net. 

Saddles— 

Each. 


.do. 


100 kilograms net. 

Transmission belts, etc., of leather, hose of leather, and other articles of 
leather or skins for machinery. 

_do. 

.do. 


.. .do... 

All small articles of morocco or other leather— 




Covers for photographic albums, of leather, wood, stuffs, paper, plain, 
ornamented, and other. 

_do. 




Peltries: 

Prepared or in sewm pieces— 

Sea lions and sea otters, seals and blue backs, gray squirrels and 
pouches of gray squirrels, hamsters and white rabbits, Astrakhan, 
clouded and curled in skins and touloupes, white hares and 
pouches of white hares, goats, in skins and covers—sheep and 
mouflons of the Caucasus, in skins and covers. 


100 kilograms net. 

Made up into articles— 


Fine. 



General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


United 


United 

Francs. 

States 

Francs. 

States 


equivalent. 


equivalent. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 

0.02 

0.00386 

0.01 

0.002895 

.026 

.005118 

.02 

.00386 

.026 

.005018 

.02 

.00386 

.032 

.006176 

.025 

.004S25 

40 per cent.. 


30 per cent.. 


20 per cent.. 


15 percent.. 


.40 

.0772 

.30 

.0579 

15.00 

2.895 

•10.00 

1.93 

50.00 

9.65 

25.00 

4.825 

60.00 

11.58 

32.00 

6.176 

40.00 

7.72 

18.00 

3.474 

40.00 

7.72 

25.00 

4.825 

90.00 

17.37 

60.00 

11.58 

70.00 

13.51 

50.00 

9.65 

75.00 

14.475 

40.00 

7.72 

70.00 

13.51 

45.00 

8.658 

190.00 

36.67 

125.00 

24.12 

74.00 

14.282 

60.00 

11.55 

60.00 

11.58 

40.00 

7.72 

35.00 

6.755 

25.00 

4.8258 

80.00 

15.44 

50.00 

9.65 

175.00 

33.775 

125.00 

24.125 

275.00 

53.075 

175.00 

33.775 

2.50 

.4825 

2.00 

.386 

2.50 

.4825 

1.50 

.2895 

1.00 

.193 

.75 

.14475 

62.00 

11.966 

50.00 

9.65 

1.00 

.193 

.50 

.0965 

1.50 

.2895 

.75 

.14475 

2.00 

.386 

1.00 

.193 

2.50 

.4825 

1.25 

.24125 

220.00 

42.46 

ISO. 00 

34.74 

15.00 

2.895 

10.00 

1.93 

18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.316 

60.00 

11.58 

50.00 

9.65 

100.00 

19.30 

60.00 

11.58 

70.00 

13.51 

40.00 

7.72 

74.00 

14.282 

60.00 

11.58 

250.00 

48.25 

200.00 

38.60 

200.00 

38.60 

150.00 

28.95 

220.00 

42.46 

180.00 

34.74 

250.00 

4S.25 

200.00 

38.60 

120.00 

23.16 

80.00 

15.44 


Free.. 



100.00 

19.30 

100.00 

19.30 

200.00 

38.60 

160.00 

30.80 

650.00 

125.45 

500.00 

96.50 


•Per 100 kilograms gross. 















































































































3120 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 

ARTICLES. 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


Unit. 

i 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

fourth section—manufactures— continued. 

• 





Manufactures of metal. 

Watches: 

Watch movements, without cases— 

Movements and escapement bearers, rough or finished, without 
trace of the escapement having been fitted. 

Movements and escapement bearers with escapements, or only pre¬ 
senting traces of the escapements having been fitted, but neither 
gilt, silvered, nor nickeled— 

Cvlinder escapements. 

Dozen... 

1.50 

Dollars. 

0.2895 

0.75 

Dollars. 

0.14475 

.do. 

10.00 

1.93 

3.50 

.6755 

Lever or other escapements. 

.do. 

15.00 

2.895 

6.00 

1.158 

Movements entirely finished, gilt, silvered, or nickeled— 

Cvlinder escapements.. 

.do. 

36.00 

6.948 

27.00 

5.211 

Lever or other escapements. 

.do. 

54.00 

10.422 

33.00 

6.369 

Watches, finished, with simple movements— 

With gold cases— 

Cvlinder escapements. 

Each. 

6.00 

1.158 

3.25 

.62725 

Lever or other escapements. 

.do. 

7.00 

1.351 

4.00 

.772 

With silver cases— 

Cvlinder escapements. 

.do. 

2.00 

.386 

1.00 

.193 

Lever or other escapements. 

.do. 

3.00 

.579 

1.25 

.24125 

With cases of all other honprecious materials— 

Cvlinder escapements. 

.do. 

2.00 

.386 

.50 

. 0965 

Lever or other escapements. 

.do. 

2.50 

.4825 

.75 

.14475 

Watches, complicated; repeaters, chronographs, with independent sec¬ 
onds, pocket chronometers, whatever be the kind of escapement— 
Gold cases. 

.. .do. 

20.00 

3.86 



Silver cases_ 

.. .do .. 

15. CO 

2.895 



Cases of nonprecious materials . . 

.. .do. 

10.00 

1.93 



Watches, complicated: repeaters, with independent seconds, whatever 
be the kind of escapement, pocket chronometers— 

Hold cases. 

.do. 

10.00 

1.93 

Silver cases. 

.do. 



4.00 

.772 

Cases of nonprecious materials .. 

.do. 



2.50 

.4S25 

Chronographs (whatever be the kind of escapement)— 

G old cases. 

.do. 



5.00 

.965 

Silver cases. 

.do. 



2.00 

.386 

C.i<es of nonprecious materials. 

.do. 



1.25 

.24125 

Pocket counters of all kinds (pedometers, etc.), as finished watches with 
simple movements and cylinder escapements. 

Watch cases— 

Of gold. 

.do. 

2.00 

.386 

1.25 

.24125 

Of silver. 

.do. 

1.00 

.193 

.60 

.1158 

Of nonprecious materials. 

.do. 

.50 

.0965 

.25 

.4828 

Watch cases, rough, of gold, silver, or nonprecious materials .. 

100 kilograms gross. 

16.00 

3.088 

Clocks, etc.: 

Movements of table and wall clocks, of alarms, of mechanical toys, of 
telegraphs, counters, and, in general, all movements other than for 
watches, complete or not, furnished with motors or not, or with a motor 
of any system. 

Table or wall clocks, fitted with a motor of any system; alarms of all 
kinds. 

Electrometers, water and gas meters, and, in general, all meters or 
measuring apparatus fitted with clock movements. 

Tower clocks.:. 

100 kilograms net. 

100.00 

19.30 

75.00 

14.475 

.do. 

200.00 

38.00 

125.00 

24.125 

.do. 

100.00 

19.30 

75.00 

14.475 

.do. 

65.00 

12.545 

50.00 

9.65 

Wooden clocks. 

.do. 

45.00 

8.658 

38.00 

7.334 

Chimes, musical boxes, and clock fittings: 

Chimes, rrmsiofll boxes 20 centimeters (8 inches) or more in length 

.do .. 

60.00 

11.58 

Chimes and musical boxes of whatever size . 

.do. 

120.00 

23.16 



Small musical boxes measuring less than 20 centimeters in length . 

.do. 

50.00 

9.65 

Clock and watch fittings..,~1. 

.do. 

80.00 

15.44 

50.00 

9.65 

Machines and machinery:'" 

Steam and other engines— 

Steam engines, stationary and marine, without boilers; steam pumps; 
gas, petroleum, hot-air, and compressed-air engines weighing— 

250 kilograms (551 pounds) and more. 

.do. 

18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.316 

Less than 250 kilograms.. 

.do. 

30.00 

5.79 

20.00 

3.86 

Steam engines, demifixed or portable including boilers .. 

.do. 

17.00 

3.281 

13.00 

2.509 

Locomotives, traction engines— 

Ordinary gauge. 

.do. 

29.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

Narrow gauge. 

.do. 

24.00 

4.632 

18.00 

3.474 

Hydraulic engines, wheel and piston; turbines; pumps; ventilators 
weighing— 

250 kilograms and more. 


.do. 

15.00 

2.895 



Less than 250 kilograms. 

.do. 

25.00 

4.825 



More than 3,000 kilograms— 

Containing at least 50 per cent of cast iron . 

.do. 

8.00 

1.544 

Containing less than 50 per cent of cast iron. 

.do. 



10.00 

1.93 

From 250 to 3,000 kilograms (551 to 6,614 pounds). 

.do. 



10.00 

1.93 

Less than 250 kilograms.... ‘ .1. 

.do. 



15.00 

2.895 

1.93 

Tenders for locomotives— 

Ordinary gauge. 


15.00 

2.895 

10.00 

Narrow gauge. 


18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.316 

1.93 

2.316 

2.316 

2.316 
1.737 
1.544 

5.211 
.965 
1.544 
1.158 
1.737 

Machines— 

For setting sheets and fillets of cards. 

.do. 

15.00 

2.895 

10.00 

Carding machines, not furnished. 

.do. 

18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

Machines for cleaning, opening, and preparing flax, wool, cot¬ 
ton, and other textile materials. 

Throstles, complete, for spinning and twisting. 

.do. 

18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

12 00 

.do. 

18.00 

3.474 

Spinning looms, other, mule-jennies, etc_.~. 


15.00 

2.895 

9.00 

Weaving looms.. 


12.00 

2.316 

8.00 

Knitting machines. 


40.00 


27.00 

Bohfunet and lace-making machines. 

.do. 

10.00 

1.93 

5.00 

8.00 

6.00 

9.00 

Papir-making machines. 


15.00 

2.895 

Printing machines. 

.do. 

8.00 

1.544 

Agricultural machines (motors not included).. 


15.00 

2.895 











































































































































1902 .] 


MODERX TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3121 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PEK CENT INCLUDED). 


FOURTH SECTION—MANUFACTURES—Continued. 

Manufactures of metal— Continued. 

Machines and machinery—Continued. 

Steam and other engines—Continued. 

Sewing machines— 

Stands and transmission gear. 

Machines proper.do . 

Dynamos— 

Weighing 1,000 kilograms (2,205 pounds) and more.do . 

From 50 to 1.000 kilograms (110 to 2.205 pounds).I.do 

From 10 to 50 kilograms (22 to 110 pounds). 1 .do 

5,000 kilograms (11,023 pounds) and more— 

Containing at least 50 per cent of cast iron.I.do 

Containing less than 50 per cent of cast iron.do 

From 2,000 to 5,000 kilograms (4,410 to 11,023 pounds), exclusive, 
and— 

Containing at least 50 per cent of cast iron.do . 

Containing less than 50 per cent of cast iron.do 

From 1.000 to 2.000 kilograms (2,205 to 4,410 pounds), exclusive.do 

From 50 to 1,000 kilograms (110 to 2,205 pounds), exclusive.do . 

From 10 to 50 kilograms (22 to 110 pounds), inclusive.do . 

Machine tools— 

Heavy, weighing more than 1.000 kilograms (2,205 pounds).do . 

Medium, weighing 250 to 1,000 kilograms (551 to 2.205 pounds).do . 

Small and of precision, weighing less than 250 kilograms (551 .do . 

pounds). 

General machinery: Transmission gearing, balances, scales, fixed .do. 

railway stock, signals, presses, lifting apparatus, etc.; apparatus 
not mentioned, driven by mechanical force. 

Boilers— 

Steam— 

Of steel or iron plate, sectional or not, with feed-water heaters .do . 

and internal furnaces, without tubes. 

Of - teel or iron plate, tubular or semitubular, i. e., fitted with .do . 

tubes of iron, steel, copper, or brass. 

Parts of multitubular boilers, composed chiefly of iron or steel .do . 

tubes, fitted or not. 

Open boilers, gasometers, recipients, stoves, and caloriferes of sheet .do . 

iron or steel or of cast iron combined with sheet iron or steel. 

Sugar machinery, heating apparatus for breweries, distilleries, per¬ 
fumeries, pharmacies, kitchens, the copper or bronze predominat¬ 
ing in weight, weighing- 

250 kilograms (511 pounds) and more.do . 

Less than 250 kilograms.do . 

Refrigerating apparatus weighing— 

250 kilograms and more.do . 

Less than 250 kilograms.do . 

Detached parts of machines— 

Sheets and fillets of cards, of leather, fitted with teeth of iron or steel .do . 

of at least 1 millimeter 1 0.0394 inch) in diameter at the base. 

Sheets and fillets of cards, of iron or steel wire, set on tissues, with or .do . 

without caoutchouc, padded or not. Sheets and fillets of cards, of 
leather, not set. with teeth of iron or steel of less than 1 millimeter 
in diameter at the base. 

Teeth for sleys, of iron or copper.do . 

Slevs, mountings and combs for weaving, of iron or copper.do . 

Detached pieces of cast and wrought iron or steel, other than parts of 
steam boilers— 

Of cast iron, turned, filed, or adjusted, weighing— 

1,000 kilograms (2,205 pounds) and more.do . 

From 200 to 1,000 kilograms (440 to 2,205 pounds).do . 

Less than 200 kilograms.do . 

Of wrought iron or of wrought or cast steel, bored, turned, filed, or 
adjusted, weighing— 

300 kilograms (441 pounds) and more.do . 

From 100 to 300 kilograms (220 to 661 pounds).do . 

Less than 100 but more than 1 kilogram.do . 

1 kilogrom (2.2046 pounds) or less.do. 

Springs of wrought steel, for carriages, railway carriages, and loco- .do. 

motives, not polished. 

Detached pieces, rough or wrought, of pure copper or of copper alloyed 
with any metal, cast in molds (brasses, cocks, etc.), weighing- 
10 kilograms (22 pounds) and above— 

Rough.do. 

Wrought.do. 

Below 10 kilograms— 

Rough.do. 

Wrought.do. 

Detached pieces of two or more metals, such as cast iron, wrought iron, 
steel and copper, pure or alloyed with any other metal (cocks, brasses, 
etc.) — 

Weighing 300 kilograms and more.do . 

From 50 to 300 kilograms (110 to 661 pounds).do . 

Less than 50 kilograms.do . 

Dynamo conductors and detached pieces, such as induction coils, solid .do . 

or hollow, of metal surrounded by insulated copper; accessories of 
electric apparatus, of copper, weighing less than 1 kilogram (2.2046 
pounds), numbered and marked, fitted or not. Arc lamps known as 
regulators. 

Dynamo conductors and detached pieces, such as induction coils, solid 
or hollow, of metal surrounded by insulated copper; worked parts of 
copper weighing less than 1 kilogram, numbered and marked, fitted 
or not, for electric machines weighing— 

More than 2,000 kilograms (4,409 pounds).do . 


Unit. 

General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 



Dollars. 


Dollars. 

ograms net. 

10.00 

1.93 

8.00 

1.544 


50.00 

9.65 

35.00 

6.755 


30.00 

5.79 




45.00 

8.658 




100.00 

19.30 






12.00 

2.316 




20.00 

3.86 




18.00 

3.474 




20.00 

3.86 




20.00 

3.86 




30.00 

5.79 




80.00 

15.44 


15.00 

2.895 

10.00 

1.93 


20.00 

3.86 

16.00 

3.088 


70.00 

13.51 

50.00 

9.65 


15.00 

2.895 

10.00 

1.93 


12.00 

2.316 

9.00 

1.737 


18.00 

3.474 

14.00 

2.702 


24.00 

4.632 

18.00 

3.474 


12.00 

2.316 

8.00 

1.544 


30.00 

5.79 

20.00 

3.86 


50.00 

9.65 

40.00 

7.72 


20.00 

3.86 

14.00 

2.702 


30.00 

5.79 

25.00 

4.825 


70.00 

13.51 

50.00 

9.65 


200.00 

38.60 

150.00 

28.95 


45.00 

8.658 

30.00 

5.79 


45.00 

8.658 

30.00 

5.79 


18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.31o 


20.00 

1.93 

15.00 

2.895 


25.00 

4.825 

20.00 

3.86 


20.00 

3.86 

12.00 

2.316 


25.00 

4.825 

15.00 

2.895 


40.00 

7.72 

25.00 

4.825 


50.00 

9.95 

35.00 

6.755 


18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.316 


25.00 

4.825 

15.00 

2.895 


30.00 

5.792 

5.00 

4.825 


20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 


50.00 

9.65 

40.00 

7.72 


20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 


30.00 

5.79 

20.00 

3.86 


40.00 

7.72 

30.00 

5.79 


100.00 

19.30 





35.00 

6.755 
















































































































3122 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PEE CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


FOURTH SECTION—MANUFACTURES—Continued. 


Manufactures of metal —Continued. 


Machines and machinery—Continued. 

Dynamo conductors and detached pieces, etc.—Continued. 

From 1,000, exclusive, to 2,000 kilograms (2,205 to 4,409 pounds), in¬ 
clusive. 


100 kilograms net. 


From200,exclusive, to 1,000kilograms (441 to2,205pounds),inclusive. 

From 1 to 200 kilograms (2.205 to 441 pounds), inclusive. 

Less than 1 kilogram. 

Arc lamps known as regulators. 

Tools, with or without handles— 

Of pure iron. 

Of steel, or of iron tipped with steel. 

Of copper. 

Printing type— 

New. 

Old and unserviceable. 

Stereotype plates, with or without designs. 

Engraved plates and dies for printing on paper. 

Wire gauze— 

Of iron or steel— 

Of wire exceeding 2 millimeters (0.0788 inch) in diameter. 

Of wire exceeding 1 millimeter (0.0394 inch) and up to 2 milli¬ 
meters in diameter. 

Of wire of five-tenths of a millimeter (0.0197 inch) and up to 1 
millimeter in diameter. 

Of wire less than five-tenths of a millimeter in diameter. 

Of copper or brass— 

Ordinary. 

For paper machines, for gauze, weighing— 

More than 500 grams (1.1023 pounds) per square meter (10.7642 
square feet). 

500 grams per meter or less. 

Wire netting of iron or steel— 

With meshes of 25 millimeters (0.1055 inch) and above. 

With meshes of less than 25 millimeters. 

Perforated sheets of iron, steel, copper, brass, zinc, and other metals, 
with at least 500 holes per square meter, as solid sheets of the corre¬ 
sponding metal with an addition of 10 francs per 100 kilograms (Si.19 
per 220 pounds). 

Sewing needles, needles for sewing machines— 

Less than 5 centimeters (1.97 inches) in length. 

5 centimeters in length and above. 

Fancy needles for bobbinet, lace, knitting machines, etc. 

Knitting needles, and other similar articles not mentioned, of steel, iron, 
or copper. 

Crochet and embroidery needles, and button hooks. 


_do. 

-do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

-do.. 

-do.. 

100 kilograms gross 

-do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 


100 kilograms net 
_do. 

_do. 

_do.. 

....do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


Pins— 


Of brass or iron, tinned. 

Of steel, with or without heads. 

Clasps for dresses, of iron, varnished or tinned; of brass, yellow or white. 

Fishhooks. 

Pens of metal other than gold or silver. 

Cutlery- 

Common— 

Tailors’ scissors and pruning shears. 

Kitchen and butchers’ knives. 

Razors, common. 

Other clasp knives and common scissors. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


do 

do 

do 

do 


Fine- 

Table knives, with handles of ivory or mother-of-pearl. 

Other. 

Cylinders of copper or brass, for printing, engraved or not. 

Statues of metal, of a natural size, or larger (duty of the metal employed). 
Articles of cast iron— 

Neither turned nor polished— 

Railway chairs, plates, or other castings from the open mold. 

Straight cylindrical pipes, beams, and columns, solid or hollow, 
gas retorts, solid bars and sets thereof, grates and hearth plates, 
and other rough castings. 

Iron castings for machinery or for ornament, weighing— 

More than 50 kilograms (110 pounds) each.. 

From 5 to 50 kilograms (11 to 110 pounds). 

Less than 5 kilograms. 

Pots, kitchen utensils, and other articles not entering in the 
three preceding numbers. 

Tinned, enameled, varnished, or rendered inoxidizable. 

Rough articles of malleable cast iron, of wrought iron, and of cast steel, 
weighing— 

More than 3 kilograms. 

From 1 to 3 kilograms (2.205 to 6.6 pounds). 

1 kilogram and less. 

Articles of iron and steel— 

Ironwares— 

Buildings of iron or steel; Parts of fixed or movable bridges; 
framework for buildings, etc.; for sluice gates, for cranes, etc.; 
for portable railways, and, in general, all objects composed 
of one or more pieces, bored or adjusted, or fitted together 
with rivets or bolts, each piece weighing at least 5 kilograms 
per lineal meter. 


do 

do 

do 


100 kilograms gross 
_do. 


_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

100 kilograms net. 


do 

do 

do 


do 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 


United 


United 

Francs. 

States 

Francs. 

States 


equivalent. 


equivalent. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 



40.00 

7.72 



45.00 

8.658 



60.00 

11.58 



75.00 

14.475 



60.00 

11.58 

18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.316 

27.00 

5.211 

22.00 

4.246 

35.00 

6.755 

30.00 

5.79 

9.00 

1.737 

8.00 

1.544 

4.00 

.772 

3.00 

.579 


Free. 




Free. 



12.00 

2.316 

8 8.00 

1.544 

16.00 

3.088 

11.00 

2.123 

20.00 

3.86 

13.00 

2.509 

30.00 

5.79 

21.00 

4.053 

30.00 

5.79 

20.00 

3.86 

60.00 

11.58 

40.00 

7.72 

150.00 

28.95 

100.00 

19.30 

15.00 

2.895 

8 10.00 

1.93 

18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.316 

300.00 

57.90 

250.00 

48.25 

175.00 

33.775 

150.00 

28.95 

400.00 

77.20 

300.00 

57.90 

25.00 

48.25 

15.00 

2.S95 

125.00 

24.125 

100.00 

19.30 

70.00 

13.51 

50.00 

9.65 

150.00 

28.95 

110.00 

21.23 

70.00 

13.51 

50.00 

9.65 

140.00 

27.02 

100.00 

19.30 

160.00 

30.88 

120.00 

23.16 

30.00 

5.79 

20.00 

3.86 

125.00 

24.125 

100.00 

19.30 

250.00 

48.25 

200.00 

38.60 

375.00 

72.375 

300.00 

57.90 

800.00 

164.05 

600.00 

115.80 

600.00 

115.80 

4S0.00 

92.64 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

3.00 

.579 

2.50 

.4825 

4.00 

.772 

3.50 

.6755 

6.00 

1.158 

4.00 

.772 

7.00 

1.351 

5.00 

.965 

8.00 

1.544 

6.00 

1.158 

5.00 

.965 

4.00 

.772 

15.00 

2.895 

8 10.00 

1.93 

12.00 

2.316 

•8.00 

1.5-44 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

25.00 

4.825 

18.00 

3.474 

12.00 

2.316 

8 9.00 

1.737 


8 Gross. 

























































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3123 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 


DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


FOURTH SECTION—MANUFACTURES—continued. 


Manufactures of metal —Continued. 


Machines and machinery—Continued. 

Articles of iron and steel—Continued. 

Ironwares—Continued. 

Small articles, not specified, of iron or steel, grating, harriers for 
level crossings, frames for marquees, for hothouses, for kiosks, 
verandas, fixed or movable frames, window frames, fitted or 
not, shutters of sheet iron for shops, and. in general, all objects 
composed of one or more pieces, bored or adjusted, or fitted 
together with rivets or bolts, each piece weighing less than 
5 kilograms per lineal meter (11 pounds per 39.37 inches). 

Ironwork for carriages, and specially such as enters in the construc¬ 
tion of railway rolling stock. 

Locksmiths’ wares— 

Locks, padlocks, keys, iron bolts of all kinds, handles, hooks, 
hinges of iron or sheet iron, latches, slide bolts, and all other 
articles of rough iron, scoured or not, turned, filed, or polished, 
for furniture, doors, and windows. 

The same articles, combined with copper or brass, or composed 
wholly of copper or brass. 

Anchors, cables, and chains— 

Dredged up in harbors and roadsteads of France under the con¬ 
ditions of the law of J uly 2,1836. 

Other- 

Cables of iron or steel wire, barbed fence wire— 

Composed of wire of five-tenths of a miliimeter (0.0197 
inch) and more in diameter. 

Composed of wire of less than five-tenths of a millimeter 
in diameter. 

Anchors, railway buffers, couplings, and chain cables of iron 
or steel. 

Busks and springs for personal attire, of steel, polished, varnished, 
not trimmed. 

Umbrella frames, without the handle and without tri mmi ngs or 
fittings. 

Kails— 


100 kilograms net 


-do. 

-do. 

-do. 

100 kilograms gross 

100 kilograms net.., 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 


For shoeing horses, etc.. 

Other, weighing— 

Large, more than 20 kilograms (44 pounds) per thousand_ 

Medium size, more than 5 (11) but not more than 20 kilograms 
(44 pounds) per thousand. 

Small, from 200 grams (7.055 ounces) to 5 kilograms (11 
pounds) per thousand. 

Very small, less than 200 grams per thousand.. 

Wire nails, of iron or steel, machine made, whether tinned, coppered, 
zincked, cr coal-tarred or not— 

More than 2 millimeters in diameter.. 

From 1 to 2 millimeters (0.0394 to 0.0788 inch) in diameter.. 

1 millimeter in diameter and less.. 

Screws, eyebolts, and iron hooks, of any diameter, furnished with 
screw threads; bolts, rivets, and nuts of iron, of any diameter, pol¬ 
ished, turned, varnished, or coated with any preparation; bolts, 
rivets, and nuts of rough iron, as well as all kinds of bolts and 
screws not mentioned. 

Mechanical stoppers, consisting of a white or colored porcelain head 
and iron or steel wire, with or without india-rubber rings. 

Tubes of iron or steel— 

Kot welded, of an inside diameter of— 

9 millimeters and more.. 

Less than 9 millimeters.. 

Butt welded, of an inside diameter of— 

9 millimeters and more. 

Less than 9 millimeters.. 

Lap-welded or doubled. 

Jointings of all kinds.. 

Bored or not welded— 

Of an inside diameter of 10 millimeters and more— 

Steel, soft. 

Steel, cast or tempered.. 

Of soft, cast, or tempered steel of an inside diameter of— 

From 9 to 5 millimeters.. 

From 5 to 2 millimeters. 

2 mil lim eters and less. 

Household wares and other articles of iron, steel, or of black sheet iron 
not mentioned— 

Neither painted, polished, nor tinned. 

Painted and polished. 

Varnished... 

Enameled, plain, tinned. 

Enameled with fillets and ornaments, with or without gold fillets, 
printed in colors. 

Coffee mills, with stands of wood or of cast or sheet iron; articles of 
domestic economy; meat presses, meat cutters, fruit presses, small 


_do. 

100 kilograms gross 
100 kilograms net . 

_do. 

_do. 


do 

do 

do 

do 


do 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


household pumps, ete. 

Apparatus for water-closets, lever or balance, water tanks for flushing 
the same. 

Buckles for saddlery, fittings and accessories for harness, of iron, malle¬ 
able cast iron, or cast steel. 

Articles of pure copper or of copper alloyed with zinc or tin— 

Coppersmith’s wares, including needles of copper (other than knit¬ 
ting), and tubes of all kinds of pure copper or of copper alloyed 
with any other metal. 


do 

do 

do 


•Gross. 


General tairff. 

Minimum tariff. 


United 


United 

Francs. 

States 

Francs. 

States 


equivalent. 


equivalent. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 

15.00 

2.895 

•10.00 

1.93 

15.00 

2.895 

•10.00 

1.93 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

25.00 

4.825 

20.00 

3.86 

.25 

.01825 

.25 

.01825 

15.00 

2.895 

11.00 

2.123 

30.00 

5.79 

21.00 

4.053 

12.00 

2.316 

•8.00 

L544 

30.00 

5.79 

25.00 

4.S25 

40.00 

7.72 

30.00 

5.79 

20.00 

3.86 

15.00 

2.895 

9.00 

1.737 

6.00 

1.158 

13.00 

2.509 

•9.00 

1.737 

19.00 

3.667 

14.00 

2.702 

40.00 

7.72 

30.00 

5.79 

15.00 

2.895 

•8.00 

1.544 

20.00 

3.86 

11.00 

2.123 

35.00 

6.755 

24.00 

4.632 

20.00 

3.86 

14.00 

2.702 

35.00 

6.755 

25.00 

4.825 

12.00 

2.316 

•9.00 

1.731 

21.00 

4.053 

14.00 

2.702 

13.00 

2.509 

‘10.00 

1.93 

24.00 

4.632 

18.00 

3.474 

24.00 

4.632 

18.00 

3.474 

24.00 

4.632 

18.00 

3.474 

50.00 

9.65 

40.00 

7.72 

100.00 

19.30 

80.00 

15.44 

225.00 

43.425 

200.00 

38.60 

550.00 

106.15 

450.00 

86.58 

5,000.00 

965.00 

4,000.00 

772.00 

17.00 

3.281 

14.00 

2.702 

21.00 

4.053 

16.00 

3.088 

24.00 

4.632 

18.00 

3.474 

30.00 

5.79 

25.00 

4.825 

40.00 

7.72 

35.00 

6.755 

20.00 

3.86 

16.00 

3.088 

17.00 

3.281 

13.00 

2.509 

35.00 

6.755 

20.00 

3.86 

30.00 

6.79 

20.00 

3.86 


No. 8-6 








































































































3124 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of France— Continued. 



DUTIES (ADDITIONAL TAXES AND 4 PER CENT INCLUDED). 


ARTICLES, 


General tariff. 

Minimum tariff. 

' 

Unit. 

francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

Francs. 

United 

States 

equivalent. 

fourth section—manufactures— continued. 

Manufactures of metal —Continued. 

Machines and machinery—Continued. 

Articles of pure copper or of copper alloyed with zinc or tin—Continued. 
Objects of art and ornament: 



Dollars. 


Dollars. 

Enamels inlaid with metal lines. 

100 kilograms net.... 

60.00 

11.58 

40.00 

7.72 

Bronze. 


60.00 

11.58 

40.00 

7.72 

Lamp-makers' and tinsmiths’ wares made up of different metals and 
combined with copper, pure or alloyed, burnished, polished, 
varnished. 

.do. 

60.00 

11.58 

45.00 

8.658 

Other articles not mentioned . 

.do... 

50.00 

9.65 

40.00 

7.72 

Lead pipes and all other manufactures of lead. 

100 kilograms gross. 

8.00 

1.544 

6.50 

1.254 

Electric accumulators. 

100 kilograms net... 

21.00 

4.053 

16.50 

3.184 

Tin pots and other manufactures of tin, pure or alloved with antimonv. 
Zinc manufactures of all kinds— 

.do . 

40.00 

7.72 

30.00 

5.79 

Common, plain or stamped. 

.do. 

12.00 

2.316 

8.00 

“1.544 

Varnished, polished, and nickled, including those for lamps. 

.do. 

30.00 

5.79 

20.00 

3.86 

Printed in colors, ornamented and gilt_T.*. 

.do. 

50.00 

9.65 

40.00 

7.72 

Articles of nickel, alloyed with copper or zinc (German silver) or of 
nickled metals. 

.do. 

150.00 

28.95 

100.00 

19.30 


“ Gross. 


IMPORT TARIFF OF SPAIN. 


The monetary unit of Spain is the peseta, the par value of which is 19.3 cents United States currency. It fluctuates so frequently, however, that the reductions 
of the values in the tariff to United States equivalents would be of no permanent value—would, in fact, be misleading-. 

The weights throughout the tariff are: 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds; 100 kilograms = 220.46 pounds; 1,000 kilograms = 2,204.6 pounds. The minimum rates cover 
the duties on imports from treaty countries; the maximum rate3 cover the imports from nontreaty countries. 


DUTIES. 


ARTICLES. 


STONES, EARTHY MATTERS, MINERALS, GLASS AND GLASSWARE, AND PRODUCTIONS OF POTTERY. 

Stones and earthen productions employed in building, arts, and industry. 

Marble, jasper, and alabaster: 

In the rough or in dressed pieces, squared and prepared for taking the form. 

Of all classes, cut into squares, slabs, or steps of any dimension, polished or not. 

In sculpture, bas-relief, flower vases, ornamental vases, and similar articles for house decoration. 

Worked up and chiseled into any other kind of object, polished or not. 

Other stone3 and earthen substances employed in building, arts, and industry; cement, lime, and plaster.. 

Coal. 


Coal and coke 


Unit. 

I 

i 


100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

-do. 

_do. 


Maxi- 

Mini- 

1 mum. 

mum. 

1 Pesetas. 

Pesetas. 

2.00 

1.75 

14.40 

12.00 

40.00 

30.00 

20.09 

15.00 

.40 

.20 


1 Ton of 1,000 kilograms... 


3.00 


2.50 


Shale, bitumen, and their derivations. 


Tar, pitch, and unrefined creosote, mineral oils and asphalt, bitumen and shale 

Naphtha, vaseline, crude petroleum (natural), and oils derived from shale. 

Benzine, gasoline, petroleum, and other mineral oil, refined. 


100 kilograms 

_do.. 

_do. 


.00 

25.00 

40.00 


Ores. 


Ores 


Ton of 1,000 kilograms... 


.30 


Glass ana glassivare. 


Common or ordinary hollow glassware.. 

Crystal, and glass imitating it.. 

Glass and crystal: 

In plates and sheets. 

Silvered. 

In statuettes, large vases, flower vases, and other similar articles for toilet purposes and house decoration; liqueur 
cases, dessert plates, and glasses for spectacles and watches. 


100 kilograms 
-do.. 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram_ 


13.00 
65.00 

24.00 
104.00 
1.45 


.40 

25.00 

40.00 


.25 


10.00 

50.00 

20.00 

80.00 

1.10 


Pottery, earthenware, and porcelain. 


Clay; 

In bricks, squares, and tiles for building purposes, furnances, etc. 

In large and small paving tiles; tiles of colored faience, varnished tiles, and piping.. 

Faience, wares of fine clay, and statuettes of gypsum. 

Porcelain. 

Clay, faience, and porcelain, in figures, vases, bas-relief, flower vases and ornaments for toilet tables, houses, and for 
other similar uses; liqueur cases and dessert plates. 


100 kilograms 

-do.. 

-do.. 

-do. 

Kilogram_ 


4.55 
6.50 

48.75 
S8.25 

1.55 


3.50 

5.00 

37.50 

52.50 
1.20 


METALS, AND ALL MANUFACTURES IN WHICH A METAL ENTERS AS A PRINCIPAL ELEMENT. 


Gold, silver, and platinum. 


Gold, in jewelry or plate, even set with pearls or precious stones; also precious stones, pearls, large and small, set or not. 

Silver in jewelry or plate, even set with pearls or precious stones... 

Gold, silver, or platinum worked into other objects. 


Hectogram 

_do. 

_do. 


£0.00 

4.20 

3.20 


25.00 

3.50 

2.60 































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3125 


Impokt Tariff of Spain— Continued. 




DUTIES. 

ARTICLES. 

Unit. 

Maxi¬ 

mum. 

Mini¬ 

mum. 

METAL§, AND ALL MANUFACTURES IN WHICH A METAL ENTERS AS A PRINCIPAL ELEMENT—Continued. 




Cast iron. 

Cast iron: 

In pigs, and old iron. 

100 kilograms. 

Pesetas. 

2.40 

Pesetas. 
2.00 

In columns, without any work of adjusting or polishing, and in tubes exceeding 10 millimeters in thickness. 

.do. 

6.00 

5.00 

In tubes of less than 10 millimeters in thickness. 

.do. 

9.60 

8.00 

Lubricating boxes for railway trucks and carriages. 

.do. 

9.90 

8.25 

In common manufactures...".7. 

.do. 

10.20 

8.50 

In fine manufactures—i. e., those polished, enameled with a coating of porcelain or with ornaments of other metals. 

.do. 

21.00 

17.50 

Wrought iron, forged or rolled, and steel. 

Scrap of wrought iron or steel. 

100 kilograms. 

1.65 

1.35 

Steel in ingots and iron in rough bars (tochos). 

.do. 

6.00 

5.00 

Fine crucible steel, in bars, hoops, and sheets. 


30.00 

25.00 

Wrought-iron and steel rails... 1 . 


7.20 

6.00 

Wrought iron and common steel, in bars of all kinds. 

.do. 

11.40 

9.50 

Wrought iron in tires and wheels weighing more than 100 kilograms, for locomotives and railway carriages; fish plates, 
chairs, and sleepers, straight axles, and springs. 

Wrought-iron wheels of 100 kilograms or less, for carriages and trucks. 

.. .do. 

12.00 

10.00 

.do. 

22.20 

18.50 

Wrought-iron axles, cranked, and winches.. .7. 

.do. 

19.20 

16.00 

Wrought iron and steel: 

In sheets of a thickness of 3 millimeters or more. 

.do. 

12.85 

10.70 

In sheets less than 3 millimeters in thickness, and hoop iron. 

.do. 

15.60 

13.00 

In pieces in the rough, neither turned, adjusted, nor polished, weighing 25 kilograms or more. 

.do. 

15.00 

12.50 

In pieces weighing less than 25 kilograms, and horseshoes. 

.do. 

22.80 

19.00 

Wrought iron in sheets, cold rolled, corrugated, or perforated, galvanized or not. 

.do. 

19.20 

16.00 

Iron, wrought, and steel in tubes of all kinds, including pipes, galvanized or coated with a sheet of brass. 

.do. 

26.00 

24.00 

Wrought iron: 

Barrels, not finished, for portable firearms. 

Kilogram. 

1.20 

1.00 

Screws, nuts, bolts, and rivets. 

100 kilograms. 

25.20 

21.00 

Nails, screw nails with grooved heads, pegs, and tacks. 

.do. 

30.00 

25.00 

In files and other fine tools for artists arid artisans. 


66.00 

55.00 

Iron and steel wire: 

0.43 millimeter up to 1 centimeter in diameter, or from No. 30 to PP. Paris gauge. 

.do. 

14.40 

12.00 

0.42 millimeter to 0.3 in diameter, or from Nos. 8 to50 of the French “Carcasse” gauge. 

.do. 

19.20 

16.00 

Iron wire gauze, not worked: 

Up to 20 threads to the inch. 


30.00 

25.00 

More than 20 threads to the inch. 

Kilogram. 

1.20 

1.00 

Iron wire, manufactured into cables, barbed fence wire, springs for furniture, Paris nails, and similar articles. 

100 kilograms. 

22.50 

18.75 

Wrought-iron anchors, chains for vessels, machines, and capstans, axles, tires, springs for carriages, other than for rail¬ 
way carriages and tram cars, switches, signal disks and fixings. 

Wrought iron and steel, in large pieces, made of bar iron or of bar or sheet iron secured together by means of bolts or 
rivets, and the same, unriveted, bored, and cut to measure for bridges, frames, and other buildings; water tanks and 
similar manufactures of iron for industrial purposes, and frames for railway carriages and trucks. 

Iron in all kinds of manufactures: 

Pnmmnn in which sheet, iron predominates, even coated with lead. tin. or zinc, and painted or varnished. 

.do . 

15.60 

13.00 

.do.*.. 

20.40 

17.00 


38.40 

32.00 

Fine—i. e., polished, coated with porcelain, or with ornaments of other metals ; also bedsteads of iron tubes plated 
with brass. 

Iron in other common manufactures in which sheet iron does not predominate, even coated with lead, tin, or zinc, 
and painted or varnished. 

The manufacture finishpd—i p polishpd coated with porcelain, or with ornaments of other metals. 

.do. 

43.20 

36.00 

.do. 

30.00 

25.00 

.do. 

36.00 

30.00 

Tin plate: 


24.00 

20.00 


.do. 

60.00 

50.00 


Kilogram. 

3.90 

3.00 



1. 95 

1.50 



3.00 

2.25 



2.60 

2.00 


.do. 

6.50 

5.00 

Portable firearms: 

.do. 

3.90 

3.00 


.do. 

26.00 

20.00 

Copper and Us alloys. 

100 kilograms. 

.60 

..50 


.do . 

15.00 

12.50 


.do. 

27.00 

22.50 



12.00 

10.00 

Copper and brass: 


42.00 

35.00 



69.70 

58.00 



48.00 

40.00 

Copper, brass, or bronze gauze, not worked: 


90.00 

75.00 


Kilogram. 

2.40 

2.00 

Copper, bronze, or brass, worked, and all alloys of common metal in which copper enters: 


1.65 

1.25 



3.75 

2.50 

Other metals. 

100 kilograms. 

15.00 

12.50 

Zinc: 


6.00 

5.00 



18.00 

15.00 



33.80 

26.00 

All other metals and alloys not mentioned, in sheets, lumps, nails, tubes, etc. (Lead plates less than a millimeter in 
thickness are classed under No. 56.) 

.do. 

2.00 

1.60 


48.75 

37.50 


.do. 

58.50 

45.00 

SURSTANCES EMPLOYED IN PHARMACY, PERFUMERY, AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. 


Simple drugs. 

100 kilograms. 

9.60 

8.00 


.do . 

27.60 

23.00 



.30 

.25 


.do. 

1.20 

1.00 


.do. 

5.40 

4.50 


.do. 

12.00 

10.00 

Animal products employed in medicine. 


3.60 

3.00 

























































































































































3126 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[Febkuaky, 


Import Tariff of Spain— Continued. 


DUTIES. 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


Maxi- 


Mini- 


SUBSTA^’CES EMPLOYED IN PHARMACY, PERFUMERY, 


mum. 


mum. 


and chemical industries— continued. 


Colors, dyes, and varnishes. 


Oehers and natural earths for painting, including alumina. 

Indigo and cochineal. 

Dyeing extracts. 

Varnishes. 

Colors, in powder or in lumps.". 

Colors, prepared, and inks. 

Colors derived from eoal, and other artificial colors; also garancin or its mixture with madder 


100 kilograms 

-do.. 

_do. 

_do., 

_do.. 

_do.. 

Kilogram. 


Pesetas. 
0.12 
64.00 
9.40 
28.80 
9.00 
30.70 
3.00 


Pesetas. 
0.10 
45.00 
7.80 
24.00 

7.50 
25.60 

2.50 


Chemical and pharmaceutical products. 


Muriatic or chlorhydric, nitric, and sulphuric acids. 

Natural mineral waters. 

Alkaloids and their salts. 

Alum... 

Sulphur. 

Alkaline carbonates, caustic alkalies, and ammoniacal salts, with the exception of sulphate 

Chloride of lime. 

Chloride of potassium, sulphate of soda, chloride, carbonate, and sulphate of magnesia. 

Chloride of sodium (common salt). 

Glues and albumin. 

Phosphorus. 

Nitrate of potash (saltpeter). 

Nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammoniac. 

Oxides of lead. 

Sulphate of copper. 

Sulphate and pyrolignite of iron. 

Pills, capsules, jujubes, and the like. 

Pharmaceutical products not specified. 

Chemical products not specified. 


100 kilograms 
Hectoliter 

Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do. 

Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram- 

_do. 

_do. 


2.60 

6.00 

36.00 

1.80 

1.50 
4.55 
3.10 

.60 
3.90 
14.40 
.85 

4.50 
1.20 
6.00 
1.20 
1.80 
2.40 
1.20 

.12 


2.20 
5.00 
30.00 
1.50 

1.25 
3.80 
2.60 

.50 

3.25 

12.00 

.70 

3.75 

1.00 

5.00 

1.00 

1.50 

2.00 

1.00 

.10 


Various. 


Starch. 

Fecuhe for industrial uses, and dextrin. 

Common soap... 

Mineral and vegetable wax, in lumps. 

Paraffin, stearin, animal wax, and spermaceti, in lumps. 

Paraffin, stearin, animal wax, and spermaceti, and all manufactured waxes 

Perfumery and essences. 

Gunpowder, explosive compounds, and fuses for mines. 


100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram.... 
_do. 


18.00 
2.40 
22.50 
30.00 
24.00 
60.00 
2.60 
.60 


15.00 
2.00 
18.75 
25.00 
20.00 
50.00 
2.00 
.50 


COTTON AND ITS MANUFACTURES. 
Paw cotton. 


Raw cotton, with or without seed. 

Cotton yams. 

Cotton,spun,and yam, twisted: 

In 1 or 2 threads, unbleached, bleached, or dyed— 

Up to No. 35, inclusive. 

No. 36 upward. 

With 3 or more threads, unbleached, bleached, or dyed. 


Tissues. 

Closeuvoven tissues: 

Plain, unbleached, bleached, or dyed,in piece or handkerchiefs— 

Up to 25 threads, inclusive. 

26 threads upward. 

Printed, and those twilled and worked in the loom— 

Up to 25 threads, inclusive. 

26 threads upward. 

'"'issues, transparent, such as muslins, cambrics, lawns, organdies, and gauzes, of all sorts. 

Guiltings and piques. 

T 'elveteens, corduroys, and other thick tissues for wearing apparel. 

Tulles 


Lace, except crochet... 

Crochet lace, made by hand or in the loom. 

Hosiery: 

Piece goods, jerseys, and drawers. 

In stockings, socks, gloves, and other articles. 


HEMP, FLAX, ALOE, JUTE, AND OTHER VEGETABLE FIBERS, AND THEIR MANUFACTURES. 

Paw. 


Hemp, raw or hackled. 

Flax, raw or hackled... 

Jute, manila hemp, aloe, ramie, and other vegetable fibers. 


Yams. 

Yarn of manila hemp, jute, aloe, and other fibers not mentioned, up to No. 12, inclusive. 
Yarn of hemp, flax, or ramie: 

Up to No. 20, inclusive, and jute yams, No. 13 and above. 

No. 21 and above. 

Threads, twisted, of two or more ends. 

Cordage . 


100 kilograms. 


Kilogram. 

_do_ 

_do_ 


Kilogram. 
_do- 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 


100 kilograms. 

.do. 

_do. 


100 kilograms. 


Tissues. 


_do. 

.do. 

Kilogram. 

100 kilograms. 


Plain tissues, of hemp and flax, with or without mixture of cotton: 

Up to 10 threads, inclusive. 

11 to 24 threads, inclusive. 

25 threads and above.. 

Twilled or diapered.. 


Kilogram 

-do... 

_do... 

_do... 


1.50 


1.50 


1.50 

2.10 

3.00 


1.25 

1.75 

2.50 


4.60 3.85 

5.20 4.35 


7.20 
4.80 
6.70 
6.30 
7.40 
12.50 
16.20 
3.90 


6.00 
3.70 
5.60 
5.25 
6.20 
10.40 
13.55 
3.00 


6.90 4.90 

7.60 6.35 


12.00 

3.25 

1.20 


10.00 

2.70 

1.00 


12.60 


10.50 


68.50 
37.75 
1.55 
24.95 


45.00 
27.50 
1.20 
20.80 


2.55 
6.40 
11.50 
5.45 


2.15 
5.35 
9.60 
4.55 






































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3127 


Import Tariff of Spain— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


•WOOLS, BRISTLES, HAIR HORSEHAIR, AND THEIR MAN D FACT HR ES. 

Paw. 

Bristles, horsehair, and other hair, including hair, of the camel, vicuna, and of the angora and cashmere goat. 
Wool: 

Unwashed. 


Unit. 


100 kilograms. 


_do. 

Washed.do. 

Combed and prepared for spinning, unbleached carded wool, and waste wool from carding, resulting from the.do. 

working up of rags, unbleached or dyed. 

Combed or carded, dyed. 1 .do . 


Yams. 

Woolen and worsted yarns, spun and twisted: 

Unbleached or in the grease. Kilogram. 

Washed or bleached. do_ 

Dyed. do_ 


Tissues. 

Woolen carpets, pure, or mixed with other materials. Kilogram. 

Felts of pure wool, or mixed with other materials..do_ 

Blankets of wool, pure, or mixed with other materials..do_ 


Cloths and all other similar tissues, of pure wool, hair, or waste wool. 

Such tissues, when either the warp or weft is wholly of cotton or other vegetable fiber... 

Hosiery, whether mixed or not with cotton or other vegetable fibers. 

All other tissues of pure wool, hair, or waste wool. 

Similar tissues, when either the warp or weft is wholly of cotton or other vegetable fiber. 

Astrakhans, plushes and velvets, of wool or hair, even mixed with cotton or other vegetables fibers. 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Tissues of bristles or horsehair, with or without mixture of cotton or other vegetable fibers..do . 


SILK AND ITS MANUFACTURES. 

Silk, in cocoons, cocoon waste, and silkworms’ eggs. Kilogram. 

Yarn. 

Silk, raw and spun: 

But not twisted.j Kilogram. 

Twisted, unbleached.do_ 

Twisted, dyed.do_ 

Silk waste: 

Combed or carded.do_ 

Spun, but not twisted...,.do_ 

Twisted, of two or more ends.do_ 

Twisted, dyed. do_ 


Tissues. 


Kilogram. 


Tissues, plain or twilled. 

Velvets and plushes..do. 

Tissues of floss or waste silk, of raw silk, and of waste silk mixed with silk..do . 

Tulles and lace of silk or waste silk..do . 

Knitted tissues and embroideries of silk or waste silk.do. 

Velvets and plushes of silk or waste silk, with the warp or weft wholly of cotton or other vegetable fibers. 1 .do . 

Tissues of silk or waste silk: 

With the warp or weft wholly of wool or hair. 1 .do. 

With the warp or weft wholly of cotton or other vegetable fibers.do . 


PAPER AND ITS APPLICATIONS. 


Paper pulp. 


100 kilograms. 


Paper for j/ri ntivg and writing. 

Paper, endless, white or colored: 

Not cut, weight not exceeding 35 grams per square meter. 

36 to 50 grams per square meter. 

51 grams and more per square meter.|.do 

Of whatever weight, cut; handmade paper, pencil or ink ruled paper, and envelopes.do 

Paper, printed, engraved, or photographed. 

Books, bound or unbound, and other printed matter: 

In Spanish. 

In foreign languages. 

Engravings, maps, and drawings. 

Stamped paper, blank invoices, labels, visiting cards, and similar articles. 


100 kilograms 
do. 


Wall paper. 


Printed on natural ground. 

Printed on dull or glazed ground . 
With gold, silver, wool, or glass. 


Pasteboard and various papers. 


Straw paper, common packing paper, and sand or glass paper. 

Thin paper, of common pulp, for packing fruit.. 

Other paper not specially mentioned.. 

Pasteboard and fine cardboard, glazed and pressed, in sheets.. 

Other pasteboard in sheets, pasteboard boxes lined with ordinary paper, and unfinished articles of pasteboard or “ car- 
tonpierre.” „ .. x . , 

The same articles finished, and pasteboard boxes with omame nts, or lined with fine paper or other materials.. 


WOOD AND OTHER VEGETABLE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURES, AND ARTICLES MANUFACTURED THEREWITH. 

Wood. 


Staves. 

Ordinary wood: , , . „ . , .. . .... 

In boards, deals, rafters, beams, and rounded poles, and timber for shipbuilding. 

Planed or dovetailed, for boxes and floorings. 

Fine wood for cabinetmakers: 

In boards, deals, trunks, or logs. 

Sawn or in veneers. 

Coopers’ wares, fitted together or not. 


100 kilograms. 

_do. 

Kilogram. 

100 kilograms. 


100 kilograms. 

_do. 

Kilogram. 


100 kilograms. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

-do. 


Kilogram. 


Thousand 


Cubic meter. 
.do. 


100 kilograms. 

.do. 

.do. 


DUTIES. 


Maxi¬ 

mum. 


Pesetas. 

2.40 

20.00 
54.00 
100.00 

112.00 


3.00 

3.10 

5.S5 


2.10 
1.80 
5.35 
12.90 
7.80 
10.40 
19.50 
6.45 
5.20 
6.00 


Mini¬ 

mum. 


Pesetas. 

2.00 

17. 
45. 

80. 

100 . 


2 . 

2 . 

4. 


.10 


.30 

5.20 

6.50 

.20 

.30 

2.60 

3.90 


30.00 

36.00 

15.00 

29.25 

30.00 

24.00 

15.00 

12.00 


1.50 


45.50 
15.00 
35.75 
63.35 


79.80 

13.00 

1.60 

78.00 


35.75 

65.00 

2.60 


14.10 
36.00 
52.00 

36.40 

10.40 

1.95 


15.00 

6.00 

10.80 

.70 

5.85 

13.00 


1 . 

1 . 

4. 

10 . 

6 . 

8 . 

8 . 

5. 

4. 

5. 


25. 

30. 

12 . 

22 . 

25. 

20 . 

12 . 

10 . 


35. 

12 . 

27. 

48. 


61. 

10 . 

1 . 

60. 


27. 

50. 

2 . 


10 . 

20 . 

40. 

28. 

8 . 


10 . 

5. 

9. 


4. 

10 . 


888 8 88$ 8S$88$8S88 8 888 8888 888888 88 8 8888 8888 888 88888 8 8 88 888 








































































































































3128 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of Spain— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


WOOD AND OTHER VEGETABLE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURES, ETC.—Continued. 


Unit. 


DUTIES. 


Maxi¬ 

mum. 


Mini¬ 

mum. 


Furniture and wooden manufactures. 


Ordinary wood manufactured into any kind of article, turned or not, painted or varnished, but not carved, chiseled, 
or inlaid; and battens carved and varnished, or prepared for gilding. 

Fine wood manufactured into furniture, and other wares, turned, polished, or varnished, and the same wares of 
common wood veneered with fine wood; furniture of bent wood and furniture covered with stuffs, except with 
silk, mixed silk, or leather, but not carved or sculptured. 

Wood of any kind manufactured into furniture or other wares, gilt, including battens, carved, sculptured, inlaid, or 
veneered with mother-of-pearl or other fine materials, and ornamented with metal, and furniture covered with 
stuffs of silk, pure or mixed, or leather. 


100 kilograms 
_do. 

Kilogram- 


Various. 


Pesetas. 

31.20 

65.00 


Pesetas. 

24.00 

50.00 


1.95 


1.50 


Charcoal, firewood, and other vegetable combustibles. 

Cork. 

Wooden hoops and trellis work for fencing. 

Esparto, unmanufactured. 

Rushes, vegetable hair, soft rushes, twigs, fine straw, palm, and other analogous materials, unmanufactured. 

Baskets, hand baskets, perambulators, and other similar articles of osier, straw, or cane. 

Workbaskets and articles of the aforesaid materials, with trimmings of silk, or otherwise ornamented, of whatever 
weight. 

Osier, straw, and cane manufactured into other articles; also marsh grass, vegetable hair, palm, esparto, and other 
similar materials, manufactured. 


Ton of 1,000 kilograms... 

100 kilograms. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram. 

_do. 

100 kilograms. 


1.20 
1.15 
1.60 
i.3o: 

.30 

1.00 

5.50 

39.30 


1.00 

.90 

1.25 

1.00 

.25 

.75 

4.50 

30.25 


ANIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCTS EMPLOYED IN INDUSTRY. 


Geldings above the standard height. 

Other horses and mares. 

Mules. 

Asses. 

Oxen. 

Cows. 

Steers, heifers, and calves. 

Bigs. 

Sheep, goats, and other animals not mentioned 


Animals. 


Head . 
....do 
....do 
....do 

_do 

....do 

_do 

_do 

_do 


Skins, hides, and leather, and manufactures thereof. 


Skins and hides, untanned... 

Varnished leather, and calfskins, tanned or curried. 

Other hides tanned or curried, including sole leather. 

Leather belting for machinery. 

Peltries for clothing and trimming, in their natural state or prepared 

Peltries in made-up articles. 

Gloves. 

Boots and shoes. 

Harness and harness makers’ wares. 

Other articles of leather, or lined with the same. 


100 kilograms 

Kilogram- 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 


Feathers. 


Feathers for ornament, in their natural state or manufactured 
Other feathers, and feather dusters. 


Kilogram 
_do... 


Other animal remains. 


180.00 
135.00 
80.00 
12.00 
40.00 
35.00 
25.00 
20.00 
2.40 


180.00 
135.00 
80.00 
12.00 
40.00 
35.00 
25.00 
20.00 
2.40 


7.20 
3.25 
1.60 
3.00 
.85 
11.70 
41.60 
11.35 
4.85 
6.50 


6.00 

2.50 

1.25 

2.50 

.65 

9.00 

32.00 

8.75 

3.75 
5.00 


13.00 10.00 

2.60 2.00 


Animal fats. 

Guano and other natural manures. 

Other manures, artificial. 

Intestines. 

Other animal remains not mentioned, not manufactured 


100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 


INSTRUMENTS, MACHINERY, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, AND LOCOMOTION. 


Instruments. 


Pianos: 

Grand.. 

Other.. 

Harmoniums and organs.. 

Gold watches. 

Watches of silver or of other metals.. 

Common clocks with weights, and alarm clocks. 

Works for wall clocks, or mantel-piece clocks, finished, with or without case, and chronometers 


Each. 

_do. 

100 kilograms 

Each. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 


Apparatus and machines. 


Weighing machines. 

Agricultural machines. 

Motors of all kinds, with or without boilers, and boilers imported separately. 

Locomotives, traction, and marine engines with their boilers, or such boilers imported separately 

Machines of copper and its alloys, and detached parts of the same metals. 

Sewing and knitting machines, velocipedes, and detached parts of the same. 

Machines and separate parts thereof, of other kinds and of other materials not mentioned. 

Card fillets. 

Turntables for locomotives, trucks, and carriages, trolleys, hydraulic cranes, and columns. 

Underground electric conductors, composed of copper wire covered with various materials. 


100 kilograms. 

.do.. 

.do.. 

.do.. 

.do. 

.do.. 

.do. 

Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms 
.do. 


Carriages. 


Coaches and berlins of 4 seats, and light carriages with 2 tableros and boxes, with or without hoods; new, used, or 
repaired. 

Berlins of 2 seats, with or without folding seats; omnibuses with more than 15 seats, and diligences; new, used, or 
repaired. 

Four or two wheeled carriages, without tableros, covered or uncovered, regardless of the number of seats; omnibuses 
up to 15 seats, and carriages not enumerated in the above headings; new, used, or repaired. 

Railway carriages of all classes, for passengers, and finished wooden parts for same. 

All other railway carriages, miners’ trolleys, and finished wooden parts for same. 

Tramway carriages of all kinds, and finished wooden parts for same. 

Carts and handcarts. 


Each.. 

_do. 

-do. 

100 kilograms 

-do. 

_do. 

_do. 


1.30 

.05 

.30 

25.35 

.65 


422.00 
325.00 
104.00 
9.75 
2.60 
1.55 
7.25 


35.75 
18.20 
21.60 
33.60 
57.20 
84.00 
24.00 
1.20 
18.00 
24.00 


1,300.00 

975.00 

406.25 

47.00 
30.00 
75.40 
12.00 


1.00 

.05 

.25 

19.50 

.50 


325.00 

250.00 

80.00 

7.50 

2.00 

1.20 

5.60 


27.50 

14.00 

18.00 

28.00 

44.00 

70.00 

20.00 

1.00 

15.00 

20.00 


1,000.00 

750.00 

312.50 

36.00 

23.00 

58.00 

10.00 




































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3129 


Import Tariff of Spain— Continued. 


DUTIES. 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


Maxi- Mini¬ 
mum. mum. 


INSTRUMENTS, MACHINERY, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, AND LOCOMOTION—Continued. 


Vessels. 


Wooden ships: 

Up to 50 tons measurement.. 

51 to 300 tons measurement. 

301 tons measurement and above. 

Iron and steel ships, and those of mixed construction, of any tonnage 

Sailing ships of the above class. 

Salvage from foreign vessels shipwrecked on the Spanish coast. 


Ton.. 

_do. 

-do. 

_do. 

_do. 

Ad valorem 


Pesetas. 
48.00 
62.40 
33. CO 
30.00 
24.00 


Pesetas. 
40.00 
52.00 
28.00 
25.00 
20. CO 


8 p. C. 


8 p. C. 


ALIMENTAR Y SUBSTANCES. 


Meat and fish. 


Live and dead poultry and small game. 

Meat,pickled, salted, or cured. 

Pork and lard, including bacon. 

Other sorts of meat. 

Butter. 

Salt cod and stockfish. 

(Law of July 21,1876): Provisional duty. 

(Law of July 11,1877): Municipal duty’.. 

Fresh fish, or with the salt indispensable for its preservation 

Fish, salted,smoked, and pickled. 

Seed oysters and shellfish. 

Oysters, other. 


Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

.do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 


Rice: 

In the husk. 

Without the husk. 

Wheat. 

Wheat flour. 

Other cereals (with the exception of millet) 

Flour of same. 

Millet. 

Flour of millet. 

Pulse. 


Grain and vegetables. 


100 kilograms 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 

.do. 


1.00 
11.60 
50.00 
18.00 
72.00 
30.00 
3.00 
3.00 
1.80 
15. GO 
3.00 
10.40 


.80 

11.60 

50.00 

18.00 

60.00 

18.00 

3.00 

3.00 

1.50 

12.00 

3.00 

8.00 


5.30 

10.60 

6.00 

10.00 

4.40 

7.15 

3.20 
4.80 

5.20 


5.30 

10.60 

6.00 

10.20 

4.40 

7.15 

3.20 

4.80 

4.40 


Garden produce 
Fruits. 


Garden produce and fruits. 


100 kilograms 
_do. 


3.90 3.00 

5.20 4.00 


Products from Spanish colonics. 


Sugar and glucose. 

(Budget law of 1878-79): Provisional duty . 
(Budget law of 1877-78): Municipal surtax 

Cocoa of all kinds, in the bean. 

(Budget law of 1876-77): Provisional duty . 
(Budget law of 1877-78): Municipal surtax. 

Cocoa, ground and in paste, cocoa butter.. 

Coffee, in the bean. 

(Budget law of 1876-77): Provisional duty. 
(Budget law of 1876-77): Municipal surtax 
Coffee,ground; chicory roots, roasted or not... 

Ceylon cinnamon and its like.. 

(Budget law of 1876-77): Provisional duty 
(Budget law of 1877-78): Municipal surtax 

Cinnamon of other kinds.. 

(Budget law of 1876-77): Provisional duty . 
(Budget law of 1877-78): Municipal surtax 

Cloves. 

(Budget law of 1876-77): Provisional duty 


100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram.... 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

100 kilograms 

_do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 


Nutmegs: 

In the shell. 

Shelled... 

Pepper. 

(Budget law of 1876-77): Provisional duty. 
(Budget law of 1877-78): Municipal surtax 

Tea. 

(Budget law of 1876-77): Provisional duty. 
(Budget law of 1877-78): Municipal surtax 
Vanilla. 


_do.. 

Kilogram.... 
100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram.... 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 


32.25 

33.50 

13.50 
60.00 
16.00 
16.00 

1.00 
50.00 
27.00 
27.00 
1.10 
1.25 
.80 
.80 
60. CO 
22.40 
22.40 
70.00 
22.40 


32.25 

33.50 

13.50 
60.00 
16.00 
16.00 

1.00 
50.00 
27.00 
27.00 
1.10 
1.25 
.80 
.80 
60.00 
22.40 
22.40 
70.00 
22.40 


50.00 
1.00 
31.00 
22.40 
22.40 
1.50 
.80 
.80 
3.00 


50.00 
1.00 
31.00 
22.40 
22.40 
1.50 
.80 
.80 
3.00 


Oils and beverages. 


Olive oil. 

Alcohol and brandy. 

Liqueurs, cognac, and other manufactured spirits 

Beer and cider. 

Sparkling wines.. 

Liqueur wines, in barrels or similar recipients- 

The same wines, in bottles. 

Other wines, in barrels or similar recipients. 

Other wines, in bottles.. 


100 kilograms 
Hectoliter... 

_do. 

_do. 

Liter . 

_do. 

_do. 

Hectoliter... 
_do. 


Seeds and forage. 


Seeds not mentioned, and vetches 
Forage and bran. 


100 kilograms 
-do. 


39.00 

160.00 

260.00 

19.50 

1.95 

1.30 

1.60 

65.00 

80.00 


30.00 

160.00 

260.00 

15.00 

1.50 

1.00 

1.25 

50.00 

62.00 


2.10 1.60 

1.30 1.00 


Various. 


Alimentary preserves, pork butchers’ produce, mustard, and sauces 

Chocolate. 

Sweetmeats. 


Pastes for soups, alimentary feculte, bread, and ship biscuits 

Cheese. 

Honey and molasses.. 


Kilogram_ 

_do. 

_do.. 

100 kilograms 

_do.. 

Kilogram.... 
100 kilograms 


1.95 

1.60 

2.60 

15.00 

34.00 

.80 

30.00 


1.50 

1.25 

2.00 

12.50 

28.00 

.60 

25.00 



































































































































































3130 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Tariff of Spain —Continued. 


• 


DUTIES. 

ARTICLES. 

Unit. 

Maxi¬ 

mum. 

Mini¬ 

mum. 

VARIOUS. 

Fans, mounted, of bamboo, reeds, and other kinds of wood. 

Kilogram. 

Pesetas. 

12.00 

Pesetas. 

10.00 

Fans, with mountings of horn, bone, or paste. 

.do. 

14.00 

12.00 

Fans, with mountings of tortoise shell, ivory, or mother-of-pearl. 

.do. 

18.00 

16.00 

Trinkets and all kinds of ornaments, except those of gold or silver. . 

.do. 

18.00 

15.00 

Amber, horn, jet, whalebone, bone, tortoise'shell, coraljmeerschaum, ivory, mother-of-pearl, and paste, in the rough or 
cut, even in strips or sheets. 

Amber, jet, tortoise shell, coral, ivory, and mother-of-pearl, manufactured, excepting combs of tortoise shell and ivory.. 

.do. 

.15 

.10 

.do. 

20.50 

17.10 

Horn, whalebone, meerschaum, bone, and paste, in imitation of the substances last above specified, manufactured, 
excepting combs of horn. 

Walking sticks, and sticks for umbrellas and parasols. 

.do. 

3.25 

2.50 

Per 100. 

32.50 

25.00 

Buttons of all sorts, except those of gold or silver. 

Kilogram. 

2.60 

2.00 

Cartridges: 

Without projectiles or bullets, for firearms, the importation of which is permitted. 

100 kilograms. 

90.00 

75.00 

With projectiles or bullets, for the same firearms.".!. 

.do . 

72.00 

60.00 

Percussion caps, for the same firearms. 

Kilogram... 

2.10 

1.75 

Cases of fine woods, leather, and those lined with silk and other similar articles, with or without fittings for writing, 
sewing, and toilet purposes, or to contain perfumery, liquids, or comestibles. 

The same of common woods, cardboard, wicker, and the like, with or without fittings for the aforesaid purposes. 

.do. 

7.80 

6.00 

.do. 

3.90 

3.00 

Artificial flowers of stuffs, and petals, buds, leaves, etc., of any kind of material, for their manufacture. . 

.do. 

15.60 

12.00 

India rubber and gutta-percha, unmanufactured........._. 

100 kilograms. 

6.00 

5.10 

India rubber: 

In sheets, threads, and tubes. 

Kilogram... 

.90 


Manufactured in any shape or into any hind of article, excepting combs. 

.do. 

2.60 

2.00 

Oilcloths and tarpaulin:* 

For floors and packing purposes. 

100 kilograms. 

39.00 

32.50 

Of all other classes. 

Kilogram... 

1.30 

1.00 

Toys and games, except those of tortoise shell, ivory, mother-of-pearl, gold, or silver. 

. do. 

3.90 

3.00 

Wicks for lamps and candles. 

.do. 

3.90 

3.00 

Silk umbrellas and parasols...... 

Each. 

3.90 

3.00 

Umbrellas and parasols covered with other stuffs........ 

.do. 

1.95 

1.50 

Trimmings: 

Silk. 

Kilogram. 

16.25 

12.50 

Wool...... 

.do. 

7.80 

6.00 

All other kinds........... 

.do. 

5.85 

4.50 

Oil paintings....... 

Each ... 

1.30 

1.50 

Straw hats and bonnets......... 

Kilogram. 

19.90 

15.00 

Other sorts of hats and bonnets trimmed and finished.. 

Each. 

3.25 

2.50 

Hat shapes, not blocked, not trimmed, and caps. 

.do. 

1.60 

2.25 

Hats and bonnets, of all kinds and of any material, with milliners’ work. 

.do . 

10.40 

8.00 

Elastic tissues, with admixture of other materials. 

Kilogram. 

3.60 

3.00 

Combs: 


4.50 

4.00 

Tortoise shell or ivory. 

.do. 

90.00 

75.00 

Caoutchouc (goma). 

.do. 

5.50 

4.50 



2.75 

2.25 




APPLICABLE TO TREATY COUNTRIES. 

By a royal decree of February 25, 1892, the following nations shall enjoy the stipulations of the special tariff until June 30, 1892: 

Germany: In virtue of the prorogation of the treaty of commerce and navigation with Spain of June 12, 1883, modified by the 
convention of May 10, 1885. 

Austria-Hungary: In virtue of the prorogation of its treaty of commerce and navigation with Spain of June 3, 1880. 

Belgium: In virtue of the prorogation of its treaty of commerce and navigation with Spain of May 4, 1878. 

Colombia: In virtue of its treaty of peace and friendship with Spain of January 30, 1881, still in force, and containing the most- 
favored-nation clause. 

Great Britain and Ireland: In virtue of its convention with Spain of April 26, 1886, which stipulates the treatment of the most- 
favored nation in the same terms as contained in the treaties between Spain and France and Spain and Germany. 

Hawaii: In virtue of its treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with Spain, of October 29, 1863, which is still in force and 
which insures to the contracting States the treatment of the most favored nation. 

Italy: In virtue of the prorogation of its treaty of commerce and navigation with Spain of February 26, 1888. 

Morocco: In virtue of its treaty of peace and friendship with Spain of September 10, 1880, still in force, and which insures to the 
contracting States the treatment of the most favored nation. 

Holland: In virtue of its convention of commerce and navigation with Spain of June 8, 1887, still in force, and containing the most- 
favored-nation clause. 

Paraguay: In virtue of its treaty of peace and friendship with Spain of September 10, 1880, still in force, and which contains the 
most-favored-nation clause. 

Sweden and Norway: In virtue of the prorogation of its treaty of commerce with Spain of March 15, 1883. 

Switzerland: In virtue of the prorogation of its treaty of commerce with Spain of March 14, 1883. 

Venezuela: In virtue of its treaty of commerce and navigation with Spain of May 20, 1882, still in force, which contains the most- 
favored-nation clause. 



























































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3131 


Special Tariff (Spanish) Applicable to Treaty Countries. 


ARTICLES. 


TARIFF DISPOSITIONS. 


Unit. 


Duties. 


Mineral waters. 

Common lime (oxide of calcium). IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHI'IIIIIIIIIIIII! 

Copper ores. IIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 

Small models of all kinds.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIII! 

Pearls of any size, and precious stones. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIII 

Silk cocoons, waste of cocoons, and silkworms’ eggs.. 

Gypsum (hydrous sulphate of lime).II. 

Samples mentioned in the first disposition of the general tariff, imported by manufactur¬ 
ers, merchants, or commercial travelers of treaty countries, conformably to the pre¬ 
scribed formalities. 

Tissues embroidered by hand or machine, and those mixed with fine or imitation metals, 
shall pay the duty corresponding to tissues not embroidered, according to class, with an 
addition of 30 per cent. Made-up clothing, finished, shall be dutiable according to the 
tissue of which composed on the exterior, with an addition of 30 per cent; when the 
tissue is embroidered, the said additional 30 per cent shall be computed on the duty for 
embroidered stuffs. Sewn body linen shall pay the same duty as made-up finished 
clothing. 

Bottles in which sparkling wines are imported.. 

Casks in which still wines are imported.. 


Pesetas. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 


Free. 

Free. 


Stones, earthy matters, minerals, glass and glassware, and productions of pottery. 


Marble, jasper, and alabaster, in the rough, or in dressed or squared pieces 
Marble of all classes: 

Cut into squares, slabs, or steps of any dimension, polished or not. 

Worked or sculptured in all kinds of articles, polished or not. 1 

Tar, resins, pitch, asphalts, and bitumens, mineral and vegetable 


100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do.. 


0.37 

3.10 
7.35 

.41 


Hollow glassware, common and ordinary 


do 


6.50 


Crystal, and glass imitating it. 

Glass and crystal: 

In flat sheets. 

Silvered, and glasses for spectacles and watches. 

Bricks, squares, and tiles, common, for building purposes . 

Common earthenware, baked, varnished, neither ornamented nor painted (common 
pottery.) 

Faience and wares of fine clay. 

Porcelain. 

Metals, and all manufactures in which a metal enters as a principal element. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


34.67 

16.04 
69.34 
.06 
1.50 

26.58 

37.50 


Cast-iron tubes of all kinds. 

Common cast-iron wares.. 

Fine cast-iron wares, i. e., polished, enameled, or with ornaments of other metals. 

Iron in rough bars (tochos). 

Wrought-iron and steel rails. 

Wrought iron and steel: 

In sheets of a thickness of 6 millimeters, inclusive and above, and rivets. 

In bars of any shape, and sheets up to 6 millimeters in thickness; axles, tires, plates, 
and springs’ for carriages; hoops. 

Wrought-iron and steel wire. 

Wrought-iron and steel nailsarrd screws, even with brass heads. 

Common wares of wrought iron and steel, even if coated with lead, tin, or zinc, painted 
or varnished, and tubes plated with brass. 

Fine wares of wrought iron and steel, i. e., polished, enameled, or ornamented with other 
metals, and wares of steel not specially mentioned. 

Knives of iron and steel, of all kinds. 

Copper of first fusion and old copper . 

Copper and brass: 

In bars and ingots, and old brass. 

In sheets and nails, and copper wire. 

In tubes and large unfinished pieces, such as bottoms of boilers and brasiers, etc.. 

Worked, and all alloys of common metal in which copper enters, in hardware. 

Said metals and their alloys, in gilt, silvered, nickeled, or varnished articles. 

Brass wire. 

Bronze, unworked. 

Zinc, manufactured. 


100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

-do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do.. 

Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 


3.50 
6.14 
11.82 
3.50 
4.55 


6.70 
8.65 


6.55 

14.85 

19.84 

21.09 

1.00 

12.00 

19.00 
33.19 
46.28 
86.68 
216.70 
20.63 
9.50 
23.69 


Substances employed in pharmacy, perfumery, and chemical industries. 


Tannery bark. 

Oleaginous fruits and seeds. 

Cochineal..... 

Dyeing extracts.f. 

Varnishes. 

Colors: 

In powder or in lumps. 

Prepared. 

Colors derived from coal, and other artificial colors. 

Quinine. 

Alum. 

Sulphur. 

Feculse for industrial uses and dextrin. 

Mineral and vegetable wax, in lumps. 

Paraffin, stearin, wax, and spermaceti, wrought, and matches made of such substances. 
Perfumery and essences. 


100 kilograms. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

Kilogram_ 

_do.. 

100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram- 


.20 
.96 
24.00 
5.75 
18.00 

4.80 

24.00 

1.00 

27.50 

1.15 

.25 

1.00 

21.00 

33.90 

1.74 


Cotton, and its manufactures. 

Close-w r oven tissues, plain, unbleached, bleached, or dyed, in pieces or handkerchiefs, 
containing in warp and woof— 

Kilogram. 


.do. 

Cotton tissues, printed, and those twilled and figured, containing in warp and woof— 

.do. 




.do. 




.do. 



Crochet lace of all kinds. 

.do. 


1.54 

1.74 

2.40 

2.49 

2.24 

2.12 

2.49 

4.18 

2.35 


No. 8-7 


Origin of the duty; treaty with— 


France. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

France, Germany, Austria-Hun¬ 
gary, Belgium,' Italy, Sweden 
and Norway, and Switzerland. 
France. 


Do. 

Do. 


Italy. 

Do. 

Do. 

Russia (for Finland), Sweden 
and Norway. 

France, Russia (for Finland), 
Sweden and Norway. 

France. 

France and Russia (for Finland) 
France. 

Do. 

Do. 

France and Italy. 

Do. 


Sweden and Norway. 

France. 

Do. 

Sweden and Norway. 

Germany. 

Sweden and Norway. 

Do. 

Germany, Sweden and Norway. 
Sweden and Norway. 

France. 

Do. 

Sweden and Norway. 

France. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


France. 

Do. 

Do. 

Switzerland. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Germany. 

Italy. 

Do. 

Do. 

Germany. 

France. 

France and Italy. 
France. 


France. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

France and Switzerland. 















































































































































3132 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Special Tariff (Spanish) Applicable to Treaty Countries— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


tariff dispositions— continued. 


Cotton, and its manufactures —Continued. 


Lace oi all kinds, with the exception of crochet lace 
Hosiery piece goods: 

Jerseys and drawers.. 

Stockings, socks, gloves, and other articles. 


Kilogram 

_do... 

_do... 


Hemp, flax, aloe, jute, and other vegetable fibers, and their manufactures. 


Hemp, raw or hackled. 

Yarn of hemp. 

Cordage.. 

Close-woven tissues of hemp or linen: 

Up to 10 threads, inclusive. 

From 11 to 24 threads, inclusive. 

25 threads and above. 

Tissues of linen or hemp, twilled or diapered 

Lace of hemp or linen. 

Knitted tissues of hemp or linen.. 

Carpets of the above-mentioned materials_ 


100 kilograms 

-do.. 

_do. 

Kilogram_ 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 


Duties. 


Origin of the duty; treaty with— 


Pesetas. 
5.41 

1.97 

2.54 


2.00 
27.20 
18.90 


France. 

Do. 

Do. 


Italy. 

Do. 

Do. 


.87 

France 

2.17 

Do. 

3.85 

Do. 

1.83 

Do. 

12.50 

Do. 

4.58 

Do. 

.25 

Do. 


Wool, bristles, hair, horsehair, and their manufactures. 

Wool: 

Unwashed, not common, and long wool for spinning, also unwashed 

Washed, not common, and long wool for spinning, also washed. 

Waste wool, carded. 

Worsted yarn, dyed. 

Carpets of wool. 

Woolen felts.. 

Woolen blankets. 

Cloths and all other similar tissues: 

Pure wool. 

With an admixture of cotton. 

Other tissues of pure wool.'_ 

Other tissues with an admixture of cotton.. 

Hosiery of pure wool, or with an admixture of cotton.. 


100 kilograms 

_do. 

_do. 

Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms 

Kilogram_ 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do. 


7.60 

France. 

15.20 

Do. 

24.00 

Do. 

1.95 

Germany 

102.93 

France. 

.60 

Do. 

1.79 

Do. 

4.30 

Do. 

2.60 

Do. 

3.50 

Do. 

2.17 

Do. 

3.47 

Do. 


Silk, and its manufactures. 


Silk, dyed, for sewing, embroidering, and other purposes. 

Tissues of silk, plain or twilled. 

Velvets and plushes. 

Tissues of floss or waste silk, of raw silk, and of waste silk mixed with silk. 

Tulles and lace of silk or waste silk. 

Knitted tissues of silk or waste silk.. 

Velvets and plushes with warp or weft wholly of cotton or other vegetable fibers 
Other tissues of silk with warp or weft wholly of cotton or other vegetable fibers 
Tissues of silk with warp or weft of wool or hair. 


Kilogram 

_do_ 

_do ... 

_do_ 

_do ... 

_do_ 

_do_ 

_do_ 

_do_ 


4.00 

10.00 

12.00 

5.00 

7.00 

10.00 

8.00 

4.00 

5.00 


France. 

France and Italy. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


Paper, and its applications. 


Paper pulp. 

Paper, endless, sized or half sized, for printing purposes 

Paper for writing, lithography, or engraving.. 


100 kilograms 
_do. 

_do.. 


Books and other printed matter in Spanish, and engraved or printed music 
Wall paper: 

Printed on natural ground. 

Printed on dull or glazed ground. 

With gold, silver, wool, or glass. 

Thin paper, of common paste, for packing fruit. 

Other paper not specially mentioned. 

Cardboard in sheets_!. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


.20 

10.00 

27.50 

42.00 


Sweden and Norway. 

Belgium, Russia (for Finland), 
Sweden and Norway. 

Belgium, France, and Russia (for 
Finland). 

France. 


23.84 
43.34 

130.02 

10.85 
35.00 

6.95 


Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Russia (for Finland). 
France. 

Russia (for Finland). 


Wood and other vegetable materials employed in manufactures, and articles manufactured 

thcreivith. 


Staves. 

Common wood: 

In boards, even cut, planed, grooved, or dovetailed, for boxes, or parquetry; planks, 
beams, sleepers; rounded poles and timber for shipbuilding; common doors, win¬ 
dows, and shutters: yards and masts. 

Manufactured into any kind of article, turned or not, painted or varnished; battens 
with moldings and varnished, or prepared for gilding, and bent-wood furniture, 
even painted or varnished, also matches. 

Fine wood, in furniture and other articles, turned, carved, polished, and varnished; fur¬ 
niture of common wood veneered with fine wood; furniture upholstered with stuffs 
other than tissues of silk, and gilt battens. 

The same articles, gilt; articles combined with metals or inlaid with mother-of-pearl, 
and furniture upholstered with silk. 

Charcoal. 

Rushes: 


Thousand. 

Cubic meter. 

100 kilograms. 

_do. 

_do. 

Ton of 1,000 kilograms 


Reeds and esparto. 

Unwrought. 

Rushes, esparto, vegetable hair, osiers, fine straw, and palm, manufactured 
Hats are not included in the above. 


100 kilograms 

_do.. 

_do. 


2.00 


Italy. 


2.00 


Russia (for Finland), Sweden and 
Norway. 


18.75 


France, Russia (for Finland), 
Sweden and Norway. 


33.75 


France. 


102.65 


Do. 


.50 


Italy. 


.18 

.20 

30.24 


France. 

Russia (for Finland). 
Italy and Switzerland. 


Animals, and their products employed in industry. 


Gloves. 

Boots and shoes. 

Harness and belt wares. 

Other articles of leather, or lined with the >ame. 

Feathers for ornament, in their na ural -date, or manufactured 
Guano, and other natural or artificial manures. 


Kilogram. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

_do. 

100 kilograms. 


Instruments, machines, and apparatus cmp’oyid in agriculture, industry, and locomotion. 


Pianos of all kinds 
Agricultural machines 


Each. 

100 kilograms 


Motors, including boilers.do 

Machinery and cards for industrial purposes, with the exception of those of copper and .do 

detached parts. 


18.33 
5. 67 

2.17 
4.58 

9.17 
.04 


France. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


174.14 

.95 

2.00 

8.00 


France. 

Germany, Switzerland, Sweden 
and Norway. 

Germany, Switzerland, Sweden 
and Norway, and Belgium. 
Switzerland. 











































































































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


8133 


Special Tariff (Spanish) Applicable to Treaty Countries— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 

Unit. 

Duties. 

Origin of the duty; treaty with— 

tariff dispositions— continued. 




Alimentary substances. 


Pesetas. 
52 50 

France and Russia (for Finland). 
Sweden and Norway. 

Do. 

Cod and stock fish, salted and dried (all duties included). 


18.70 

Fish—Salted, smoked, or pickled.. 


11.00 



.3 20 


Garden produce. 


1 20 

Do. 

Chestnuts and chestnut flour, figs, almonds, nuts, and hazelnuts. 


2.50 

Do. 

Brandy and alcohol. 

Hectoliter .. 

17.35 

Germany, Russia (for Finland) 
Sweden and Norway. 

Do. 

Transitory duty to he applied to brandy and alcohol». 


3.75 

Beer and cider. 



Sweden and Norway. 

France. 

Sparkling wines, including recipients. 


5.00 

Wines, other, including casks . . 


2.00 

Do. 

Fodder and bran. 

100 kilograms. 


Do. 

Alimentary preserves, pork-butchers’ produce, mustard and sauces. 

Kilogram. 

.90 

France and Italy. 

Italy. 

France and Italy. 

Italy and Switzerland. 

Tunny in oil", in barrels or tins.‘. 

100 kilograms. 

10.00 

Sweetmeats. 

Kilogram... 


Pastes for soups, alimentary fecuhe, bread, common or sea biscuits, and lacteous flour. 

100 kilograms. 

11.35 

Various. 


Trinkets and ornaments of all kinds, with the exception of those of gold or silver. 

Kilogram. 

6.00 

France and Italy. 

France. 

Coral and jet, unwrought ..*. 7. . 


.05 

Coral, wrought, except trinkets and ornaments. 

.do. 

6.85 

Italy. 

France. 

Buttons of all kinds, except those of gold or silver. 

.do. 


India rubber and gutta-percha, manufactured in any kind of article, except in sheets, 

.do. 

1.50 

Italy. 

threads, or tubes. 



Games and toys, except those of tortoise shell, ivorv, mother-of-pearl, gold, or silver. 


1.30 

France. 

Umbrellas and parasols: 


Silk. 

Each... 

1.25 

Do. 

Covered with other stuffs. 



Do. 

Trimmings: 

Silk. 

Kilogram. 

7.50 

France and Italy. 

Do. 

Wool. 


2.50 

Any other kind. 


2.50 

Do. 

Straw hats of all kinds. 


12.50 

France. 

Hats of other kinds. 

Each. 

1.83 

Do. 

Caps of all kinds. 


.92 

Do. 

Hats of all kinds, with milliners’ work. 


6.87 

Do. 


‘See remark 1, following. 


1. Alcohol and brandy the produce of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Italy, Sweden and Norway, and Switzerland, pay the 
duties stipulated in the general tariff, approved by royal decree of December 31, 1891, and not those fixed by the present conventional 
tariff. 

2. Articles not mentioned in the conventional tariff shall pay duty according to the second column of the general tariff, approved 
by the royal decree of December 31, 1891. 

3. The goods classed in numbers preceded by the letter C must, in order to enjoy the benefits of the conventional duty, be 
accompanied by certificates of origin. 

4. Russian products shall be subject to the duties stipulated in the first column of the new general tariff, approved by the royal 
decree of December 31, 1891. 

Spanish-Swiss Treaty. 

COMMERCIAL CONVENTION BETWEEN SPAIN AND SWITZERLAND, SIGNED AT MADRID, JULY 13, 1892. 

Article 1. There shall be reciprocal liberty of commerce between Spain and Switzerland. Spain and Switzerland mutually 
guarantee that no other country shall enjoy a more favored treatment in everything relative to consumption, deposit, reexportation, 
transit, transshipment of goods, and commerce in general. 

Art. 2. The duties to which goods of Spanish origin and manufacture enumerated in Tariff A (annex 1) shall be subject on entry 
into Switzerland shall in no case be superior to those stipulated in said tariff, including additional taxes; and, reciprocally, the duties to 
which goods of Swiss origin and manufacture enumerated in Tariff B (annex 3) shall in no case exceed those stipulated in said tariff, 
including additional taxes. 

Art. 3. The goods of Spanish origin and manufacture enumerated in Tariff A (annex 1), as well as those mentioned in Schedule A 
(annex 2) of the present convention, shall not be subject, as long as said convention lasts, on their entry into Switzerland, to different 
or higher duties than those imposed on similar products of any other country. Reciprocally the goods of Swiss origin and manufacture 
enumerated in Tariff B (annex 3), as well as those mentioned in Schedule B (annex 4) of the present convention, shall not be subject, 
as long as said convention remains in force, on their entry into Spain, to different or higher duties than those imposed on similar products 
of any other nation. 

Art. 4. Each one of the high contracting parties may compel the importer, in order to prove that the goods are of national origin 
and manufacture, to present to the custom-house of the country into which the goods are imported an official declaration, according to 
the form given in annex 5 of the present convention, executed by the producer or manufacturer, or by any other person duly authorized 
by him, before the local authorities of the place of production or deposit. The certificates of origin may also be issued by the customs 
authorities of the respective countries. 

Art. 5. The dispositions of articles 1, 2, and 3 of this convention shall not apply to privileges which Spain has conceded or may 
concede to Portugal and to Spanish-American Republics. 

Art. 6. The interior taxes on production, manufacture, or consumption which actually burden or which in the future may burden the 
products of one of the contracting States, either for the benefit of the State, of cantons, of provinces, of municipalities, or of corporations, 
may under no pretext be higher or be levied in a more onerous manner than on similar products proceeding from the other contracting 
State, save the dispositions of article 7. 

Art. 7. Products which are or which in future may form the object of a State monopoly of one of the high contracting parties, a3 
well as articles employed in the manufacture of monopolized goods, may, in guarantee of the monopoly, be subjected to a complementary 
customs duty, even when similar native products or articles are not held to pay this impost. The complementary import duty in question 
shall be refunded should the object subjected thereto not have been employed in the manufacture of a monopolized article. The two 
Governments reserve to themselves the faculty of imposing on products into whose composition or manufacture alcohol enters a duty 
equivalent to the fiscal imposts levied in the interior of the country on the alcohol employed. 

Art. 8. Swiss manufacturers and merchants, as w r ell as commercial travelers who travel in Spain for account of a Swiss firm, provided 
with an identification card issued by the authorities of their country, may, without being liable to any tax, effect purchases for the 
needs of their industry and collect orders, with or without samples, but must not sell goods; and, reciprocally, Spanish manufacturers 












































































3134 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


and merchants, as well as Spanish commercial travelers who travel in Switzerland for account of a firm established in Spain, shall be 
treated, in so far as relates to licenses, on the same footing as Swiss travelers and those of the most-favored nation. 

Articles subject to import duty which serve as samples and are imported by commercial travelers shall be temporarily admitted 
free of duty by one or the other party on observance of the customs formalities necessary to assure their reexportation or reware- 
liousing. The identification cards must be drawn up conformably to the model given in annex 6 of the present convention. The high 
contracting parties will mutually designate what authorities shall be competent to issue the identification card. 

Art. 9. Spain grants to Switzerland in the Spanish provinces of Cuba and Porto Rico, for articles of Swiss origin and manufacture, 
as long as the present convention remains in force, the advantages of the second column of the special customs tariff of said provinces 
of April 29, 1892, during such time as said tariff remains in vigor. 

Art. 10. The present convention shall take effect immediately from the day of exchange of the ratifications thereof and shall 
remain in force until December 31, 1897. If neither of the high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other twelve months 
before the termination of said period of its intention to terminate the effects of the convention, it shall continue to remain executory 
until the expiration of one year from that day on which either of the contracting parties shall have denounced the same. 

Art. 11. The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged within the shortest possible time. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention and have thereto affixed their seals. 

Done, in duplicate, at Madrid the 13th day of the month of July, 1892. 

'seal.] The Duke of Tetuan. 
seal.] Welti. 

= seal.] Ch. E. Lardet. 


Duties on Imports into Spain from Switzerland. 


ARTICLES. 

Unit. 

Duty. 

Gold in jewelry or ornaments, even set with pearls or precious or other stones; pearls, large or small, not set.. 

Hectogams. 

Pesetas. 

25.00 

Nails for upholsterers’ use, whether gilt or silvered or not.............. 

100 kilograms_ 

20.00 

Household articles of wrought iron or steel, enameled. 

.do. 

20.00 

Capsules of tin for bottles... 

.do. 

15.00 

Dveing extracts. 

.do. 

5.00 

Colors, prepared. 

.do. 

25.00 

Colors derived from coal and other artificial colors; also garancine, pure or mixed with madder: 

In powder or in crvstals. 

Kilograms. 

1.50 

In paste or liquid.'.... 

.do. 

.50 

Cotton'yarn, single or twisted, of 1 or 2 strands: 

Unbleached, bleached or dyed, up to No. 35, inclusive...... 

.do. 

1.00 

Yarn from No. 36 and upward... .*.... 

.. .do. 

1.50 

Cotton tissues, close woven,* plain, unbleached, bleached or dyed, in the piece or in handkerchiefs: 

Up to 25 threads, inclusive. 

.do. 

3 00 

26* threads and above. 


3.75 

Cotton tissues, printed, as well as those twilled or figured in the ordinary loom: 

Up to 25 threads inclusive. 


4.00 

26 threads and above. 


3.70 

Tissues, open woven (transparent), such as muslins, batistes, lawns, organdies, and gauzes of all sorts. 

.do. 

6.00 

Embroideries in lock stitch: 

Bands and insertions embroidered by hand or by machine on tissues of cotton of all kinds, except tulle, up to 60 centimeters in 
width, including the tissue. 

Embroideries by hand or by machine on tissues of cotton other than tulle, not included in the foregoing class. 

.do. 

3.30 


4.50 

Embroideries on cotton tulle...7_7. 


6.00 

Embroideries in chain stitch: 

Embroideries on tissues of cotton of all kinds, except tulle, in the piece or in small or large curtains, coverlets, or other similar 
articles. 

The same embroideries on— 

Cotton tissues with tulle application. 

.do. 

3 00 


3 20 

Cotton tulle, with or without application of muslin. 


5.30 

2.50 
4 95 

Tissues of linen or hemp, with or without mixture of cotton: 

From 11 to 14 threads, inclusive... 


25 threads and above................................ 


Twilled or figured. 


3.00 

3 00 

Embroideries on" linen tissues: 

Embroideries in lock stitch on linen tissues, mixed or not with cotton up to 24 threads, inclusive. 


The same embroideries on linen tissues of 25 threads and above. 


5.00 

6.00 

5.00 

7 on 

Other tissues of pure wool, waste wool, or hair..... 


Similar tissues having all the warp or all the weft of cotton or other vegetable fiber... 

.do::::::::::::' 

Embroideries on woolen tissues: 

Embroideries in lock stitch— 

On tissues of wool, with or without admixture of cotton, except cloth. 


On cloth and similar tissues of pure wool, waste wool, or hair. 


9.00 

4.00 

6.00 

17.50 
8.00 

50.00 

1.25 

20.00 

25.00 

1.00 

.50 

12.50 
17.00 
24.00 
44.00 
70.00 

18.50 
18.50 
18.50 

30.00 

26.00 

24.00 

15.00 

53.00 

.50 

1.25 

20.00 

.25 

75 

Silk, raw or spun: 






Tissues of silk or waste silk, with the warp or weft wholly of cotton or other vegetable fiber. 


Books printed in the Spanish language...!. 

100 kilograms. 

Plaiting of straw, ’hemp, manila hemp, or horsehair, for the manufacture of hats. 

100 kilograms. 

Each .. 

Watches: 








TD^nmnt.ivps traction nnrl marine engines, with their boilers, or such boilers imported separately. 


Machines of copper and its alloys for Industrial purposes, and detached parts of the same metals... 


Sewing and hand knitting machines for hose; velocipedes, and detached parts of the same. 


Machines and separate parts thereof, of other kinds and of other materials, including stocking frames and knitting machines other 




Electric cables for public thoroughfares, composed of copper wire covered with various materials. 


Railway carriages,*for passengers, and finished wooden parts for same: 






Railway wagons vans, and trucks of all kinds, miners’ trollies, and finished wooden parts for same... 


Tramway carriages, and finished wooden parts for same... 






Pastes for soups alimentary feculffi, bread, and ship biscuits... 



Kilograms... 

Common cotton tissues, stiffened and dressed for lining or for hat bodies. 




2.50 

2.00 

Tissues of caoutchouc combined with other materials, for the manufacture of boots and shoes. 










































































































































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3135 


Spanish-Swedish Treaty. 

Article 1 . There shall be reciprocal freedom of commerce between Spain and Sweden. Citizens or subjects of the high contracting 
parties may freely exercise their cult on the territory of the other on compliance with the laws of the respective countries. 

Art. 2. Citizens or subjects of the high contracting parties may freely dispose, by gift, sale, exchange, testament, or otherwise, of all 
the goods and effects they own on the respective territories, and may likewise integrally withdraw their capital from the country. The 
citizens or subjects of one of the respective States who inherit property situated in the other country may likewise, on observance of the 
formalities prescribed by law, take possession of the property belonging to them, even if they receive the succession ab intestato, and 
said heirs shall not be held to pay succession duties other or higher than those to which, in analogous cases, natives are subject. 

Art. 3. Citizens or subjects of the high contracting parties shall not, respectively, be the object of any requisition exercised against 
them, their ships, crews, carriages, and articles of commerce whatsoever for any military or public service, unless an indemnity previously 
agreed to be accorded to the interested party. They shall, nevertheless, be liable to requisition of their means of transport; but, in such 
case, they shall have the right to the indemnity officially fixed by the competent authority of each department or locality in favor of natives. 

Art. 4. The goods of Swedish origin or manufacture enumerated in Schedule A annexed to the present convention, imported direct 
by land or by sea, shall not be subject, on their entry into Spain or adjacent islands, to different or higher import duties than those which 
are or may be levied on similar goods the origin or manufacture of any other country. 

Art. 5. The goods of Spanish origin or manufacture enumerated in Schedule B annexed to the present convention, imported direct 
by land or by sea, shall not be subject, on their entry into Sweden, to different or higher import duties than those which are or may be 
levied on similar goods the origin or manufacture of any other country. 

The regime applicable to arms and munitions of war shall always be that established by the laws and regulations of the respective States. 

Art. 6. Spain and Sweden mutually guarantee to each other that no other nation shall enjoy a more favored treatment in everything 
concerning consumption, warehousing, reexportation, transit, and transhipment of goods and commerce in general. 

The stipulations of the present article can not be invoked when it concerns special concessions actually granted, or which in the 
future may be granted, to bordering States, in order to facilitate the frontier traffic, and the obligations binding one of the contracting 
parties owing to a customs union contracted with a neighboring State. 

Art. 7. The drawbacks existing or which may be established in favor of the exportation of Spanish products, as well as the drawbacks 
applicable on the exportation of Swedish products, can not be higher than the excise or interior consumption duties levied on said 
products or on the materials employed in their manufacture. 

Art. 8. Goods of all kinds, the origin of one of the contracting countries and imported into the other, shall not be subject to excise 
or consumption duties higher than those levied or which may be levied on similar goods of national production. 

The import duties may, nevertheless, be increased by the amount representing the expenses incurred to national products by the 
excise regime. 

Art. 9. Goods which are not the origin of Sweden, imported from Sweden into Spain by land or by sea, shall not be burdened with 
surtaxes higher than those applicable to analogous goods imported into Spain from any other European country otherwise than directly 
on a Spanish vessel. Sweden likewise reserves to itself the right of imposing on goods of non-Spanish origin the same surtaxes as those 
which Spain applies to imports effected otherwise than by a direct route. 

Art. 10. Spaniards in Sweden and Swedes in Spain and in the adjacent islands shall enjoy the same protection accorded to citizens 
or subjects in everything concerning the ownership of manufacture or trade-marks, as well as manufacturers’ or industrial designs or 
models of all kinds. The exclusive right of employing a manufacturers’ or industrial mark or model, either when relative to Spaniards 
in Sweden or Swedes in Spain, shall not have longer duration than that stipulated by the law of the country and to which citizens are 
subject. Should the industrial or manufacturers’ mark or model have entered into public use in the country of origin, it shall not be 
entitled to exclusive right in the other country. The dispositions of the two preceding paragraphs are applicable to commercial or trade¬ 
marks. The rights of Spaniards in Sweden and the rights of Swedes in Spain shall not entail the obligation to employ in said countries 
the industrial or manufacturers’ marks or models. 

Art. 11. Citizens or subjects of one of the contracting parties who desire to assure in the other the ownership of a mark, design, or 
model must comply with the formalities prescribed to that effect by the respective legislation of the contracting countries. 

The trade-marks referred to in the present and preceding articles are those which in the respective countries legitimately belong to 
the manufacturers or merchants employing them; i. e., that the character of a Spanish trade-mark must be in conformance with the 
Spanish law, and a Swedish trade-mark in conformance with the Swedish law. The registration of a trade-mark may, however, be 
refused if said mark be considered by the competent authority as being contrary to morality or public order. 

Art. 12. Spanish commercial travelers traveling in Sweden for the account of a firm established in Spain shall be treated, in that 
which concerns the license, as travelers of any other nation, and, reciprocally, the same treatment shall be accorded to Swedish commer¬ 
cial travelers in Spain and adjacent islands. 

Articles subject to import duty, serving as samples and imported by said commercial travelers, shall reciprocally enjoy, on observ¬ 
ance of the custom formalities exacted in order to assure their reexportation or rewarehousing, the restitution of the duties paid on entry. 

Art. 13. Spain concedes to Sweden, in the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, for articles of Swedish origin and manufacture imported 
direct and during the continuance of the present convention, the privileges of the second column of the special customs tariff of these 
two provinces as long as said tariff remains in force. 

Art. 14. The dispositions of articles 4 and 5 of this convention shall not be applicable to the privileges granted, or which may be 
granted, by Spain to Portugal or to the Spanish-American Republics, neither to the privileges granted, or which may be granted, by- 
Sweden to Norway or Denmark. 

Art. 15. The present convention shall take effect immediately from the day of the exchange of the ratifications thereof, and shall 
remain executory until one year from that day on which either one or the other of the high contracting parties shall have denounced it. 

The present convention shall be ratified and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Madrid within the shortest possible time. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention, and have thereto affixed their seals. 

Done in duplicate, at Aranjuez, the 27th day of June, 1892. 

[seal.] TriE Duke of Tetuan. 
[seal.] Baron W. Jarlsberg. 


Schedule A.—Swedish Goods on which the Dispositions of Article 4 of the Present Convention are Applicable on their 

Entry into Spain. 


Stones, earths, cement, lime, plaster, chalk, pitch, bitumens, prod¬ 
ucts derived from dry distillation, slates. 

Tiles (bricks), earthenware, and porcelain. 

Wax matches. 

Machines, and detached parts thereof. 

Butter. 

Cheese. 

Fish, fresh, salted, smoked, or marinated. 

Brandy and alcohol. 

Liqueurs and cognac. 

Beer and cider. 

Glassware of all kinds. 

Turf, and powdered turf. 

Iron and steel, including articles of iron or steel. 


Wood pulp for the manufacture of paper; cardboard, paper and 
articles of paper. 

Wood, wrought or unwrought. 

Colors. 

Turntables and wire electric conductors. 

Railway carriages. 

Tramway carriages, and carriages for commerce, agriculture, and 
transport. 

Ships and boats. 

Preserves and sweetmeats. 

Pine, fir, and other seeds. 

Gunpowder, explosives, and fuses for mines. 

Hides and skins, raw. 




3136 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


(See Swedish tariff, number 93.) 


Schedule B. 


FINAL PROTOCOL. 

In order to avoid any divergence in the interpretation of the commercial convention concluded this day between Spain and Sweden, 
the undersigned contracting parties have adopted the following interpretations: 

1. Article 1 shall be interpreted as to relate only to a mutual guaranty that no commercial prohibitions shall be established between 
the two countries. 

2. By “analogous goods” is to be understood that, when relating to goods of the same kind, the fact of their being of different 
value, either on account of their being manufactured of a more costly raw material or of their being more valuable on account of their 
preparation, shall not constitute a reason for declaring that said goods are not analogous. 

The Spanish Government, however, reserves to itself the right of establishing a difference between commercial alcohol and grape 
alcohol. 

3. The expression “second column,” inscribed in article 13, shall be understood to mean the minimum tariff of said provinces. 

4. The expression “imported direct,” employed in the aforesaid article, applies not only to shipments from port to port, but also to 
goods arriving with a through bill of lading. 

Spanish-Norwegian Treaty. 

Article 1. There shall be reciprocal freedom of commerce between Spain and Norway. Citizens or subjects of either of the high 
contracting parties may freely exercise their cult on the territory of the other, on compliance with the laws of the respective countries. 

Art. 2. Citizens or subjects of the high contracting parties may freely dispose, by gift, sale, exchange, testament, or otherwise, of 
all the goods and effects they own on the respective territories, and may likewise integrally withdraw their capital from the country. 
The citizens or subjects of one of the respective States who inherit property situated in the other country may likewise, on observance 
of the formalities prescribed by law, take possession of the property belonging to them, even if they receive the succession ab intestato, 
and said heirs shall not be held to pay succession duties other or higher than those to which, in analogous cases, natives are subject. 

Art. 3. Citizens or subjects of the high contracting parties shall not, respectively, be the object of any requisition exercised against 
them, their ships, crews, carriages, and articles of commerce whatsoever for any military or public service, unless an indemnity previously 
agreed to be accorded to the interested party. They shall, nevertheless, be liable to requisition of their means of transport ; but, in such 
case, they shall have the right to the indemnity officially fixed by the competent authority of each department or locality in favor of 
natives. 

Art. 4. The goods of Norwegian origin or manufacture enumerated in Tariff A annexed to the present convention, imported direct 
by land or sea, shall be subject, on their entry into Spain or adjacent islands, to the customs duties stipulated in said tariff, including 
additional taxes. It is understood that codfish proceeding direct from a Norwegian port must not be comprised among goods which 
require, on their entry into Spain, to be accompanied by a certificate of origin. 

Art. 5. The goods of Spanish origin or manufacture enumerated in Tariff B annexed to the present convention, imported direct by 
land or by sea, shall be subject, on their entry into Norway, to the customs duties stipulated in said tariff, including additional taxes. 

Art. 6. The goods of Norwegian origin or manufacture enumerated in Tariff A annexed to the present convention, as well as those 
included in Schedule A likewise annexed to the present convention, shall not be subject, when imported by land or sea direct into Spain 
and adjacent islands, to other or higher duties than those which are or may be levied on similar goods the origin or manufacture of any 
other country. 

Art. 7. The goods of Spanish origin or manufacture enumerated in Tariff B and in Schedule B annexed to the present convention, 
imported direct by land or by sea, shall not be subject, on their entry into Norway, to different or higher duties than those which are or 
may be levied on similar goods the origin or manufacture of any other country. The regime applicable to arms and munitions of war 
shall always be that established by the laws and regulations of the respective States. 

Art. 8. Spain and Norway mutually guarantee to each other that no other nation shall enjoy a more favored treatment in everything 
concerning consumption, warehousing, reexportation, transit, and transshipment of goods and commerce in general. The stipulations 
of the present article can not be invoked when it concerns special concessions actually granted or which in the future may be granted to 
bordering States, in order to facilitate the frontier traffic, and the obligations binding one of the contracting parties owing to a customs 
union contracted with a neighboring State. 

Art. 9. The drawbacks existing or which may be established in favor of the exportation of Spanish products, as well as the 
drawbacks applicable on the exportation of Norwegian products, can not be higher than the excise or interior consumption duties 
levied on said products or on the materials employed in their manufacture. 

Art. 10. Goods of all kinds, the origin of one of the contracting countries and imported into the other, shall not be subject to excise 
or consumption duties higher than those levied or which may be levied on similar goods of national production. The import duties 
may nevertheless be increased by the amount representing the expenses incurred to national products by the excise regime. 

Art. 11. Goods which are not the origin of Norway, imported from Norway into Spain by land or by sea, shall not be burdened 
with surtaxes higher than those applicable to analogous goods imported into Spain from any other European country otherwise than 
directly on a Spanish vessel. Norway likewise reserves to itself the right of imposing on goods of non-Spanish origin the same surtaxes 
as those which Spain applies to imports effected otherwise than by a direct route. 

Art. 12. Spaniards in Norway and Norwegians in Spain and in the adjacent islands shall enjoy the same protection accorded to 
citizens or subjects in everything concerning the ownership of manufacture or trade-marks, as well as manufacturers’ or industrial designs 
or models of all kinds. The exclusive right of employing a manufacturers’ or industrial mark or model, either when relative to 
Spaniards in Norway or Norwegians in Spain, shall not have longer duration than that stipulated by the law of the country and to which 
citizens are subjects. Should the industrial or manufacturers’ mark or model have entered into public use in the country of origin, it 
shall not be entitled to exclusive right in the other country. The dispositions of the tw r o preceding paragraphs are applicable to 
commercial or trade-marks. The rights of Spaniards in Norway and the rights of Norwegians in Spain shall not entail the obligation 
to employ in said countries the industrial or manufacturers’ marks or models. 

Art.' 13. Citizens or subjects of one of the contracting parties who desire to assure in the other the ownership of a mark, design, or 
model must comply with the formalities prescribed to that effect by the respective legislation of the contracting countries. The trade¬ 
marks referred to in the present and preceding articles are those which in the respective countries legitimately belong to the manufacturers 
or merchants employing them, i. e., that the character of a Spanish trade-mark must be in conformance with the Spanish law and a 
Norwegian trade-mark in conformance w r ith the Norwegian law r . 

The registration of a trade-mark may, how T ever, be refused if said mark be considered by the competent authority as being contrary 
to morality or public order. 

Art. 14. Spanish commercial travelers traveling in Norw r ay for the account of a firm established in Spain shall be treated in that 
which concerns the license as travelers of any other nation, and, reciprocally, the same treatment shall be accorded to Norwegian 
commercial travelers in Spain and adjacent islands. Articles subject to import duty, serving as samples and imported by said commercial 
travelers, shall reciprocally enjoy, on observance of the customs formalities exacted in order to assure their reexportation or reware¬ 
housing, the restitution of the duties paid on entry. 

Art. 15. Spain concedes to Norway, in the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, for articles of Norwegian origin or manufacture, imported 
direct, and during the continuance of the present convention, the privileges of the second column of the special customs tariff of these 
tw r o provinces as long as said tariff remains in force. 


1902. j 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


8137 


Art. 16. The Norwegian Government guarantees to grant, during the continuance of the present convention, an annual subvention 
for establishing a direct line of steamships between Spain and Norway, which shall be required to make at least twelve voyages per 
annum. The details for the exploitation of this line shall be the subject of special negotiations between the high contracting parties. 

Art. 17. The dispositions of articles 6 and 7 of the present convention shall not be applicable to the privileges granted or which 
may be granted by Spain to Portugal or to the Spanish-American Republics, neither to the privileges granted or which may be granted 
by Norway to Sweden or Denmark. 

Art. 18. The present convention shall take effect immediately from the day of the exchange of the ratifications thereof, and shall be 
executory during five years from the day it enters into force. Should neither of the high contracting parties have notified to the other 
one year previous to the expiration of the said five years its intention of ending this convention, it shall remain executory until one year 
from that day on which either one or the other of the high contracting parties shall have denounced it. 

Art. 19. The preceding stipulations shall be submitted for the approbation of the respective national legislative bodies. 

Art. 20. The present convention shall be ratified and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Madrid within the shortest 
possible time. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention and have thereto affixed their seals. 

Done in duplicate, at Aranjuez, the 27th day of June, 1892. 


SEAL. 

SEAL. 

SEAL. 


Duke of Tetuan. 
Baron W. Jarlsberg. 
W. Christopherson. 


Duties on Imports into Spain from Norway. 


articles. 


Unit. 


Duties. 


Nails for shoeing animals. 100 kilograms 

Common wood in boards, deals, rafters, beams, poles, or masts, and wood for shipbuilding. Cubic meter . 

Pulp of wood... 100 kilograms 

Codfish, salted and dried (klip fish and stockfish) (customs duty, 18 pesetas; consumption duty, 6 pesetas).'.do.. 

Fish powder (polvo de peseado)..do.. 

Cod liver oil, purified, for medicinal purposes.do.. 

Fish: 


Oil, train oil, and other animal fats. 

Roe, and animal wastes not specially mentioned. 

Whale, and other natural manures. 

Fresh, or with such an amount of salt as indispensable for its preservation 

Salted, smoked, or pickled. 

Condensed milk. 


_do... 

_do_ 

_do... 

_do... 

_do_ 

Kilogram 


Pesetas. 
15.00 
3.00 
1.00 
24.00 
12.00 
2.00 

1.00 

.50 

.05 

1.50 

12.00 

1.00 


Schedule A.— Norwegian Goods to which the Dispositions of Article 6 of the Present Convention shall, on their 

Importation into Spain, be Applicable. 


Stones and earths employed in industries, arts, and for building 
purposes; cement, lime, and gypsum. 

Porcelain and pottery. 

Glass of all kinds. 

Tar, resin, pitch, asphalt, and bitumen. 

Iron nails and screws. 

Isinglass. 

Gunpowder, explosives, and fuses for mines. 

Paper of all kinds, including manufactures of paper. 

Cardboard of all kinds. 

Staves. 

Casks and barrels. 


Wood, planed or dovetailed. 

Wood, manufactured, and wood of all kinds for joiners. 
Matches. 

Hides and skins, raw. 

Agricultural implements and machines. 

Motors and other machines. 

Butter and cheese. 

Alcohol and brandy. 

Liquors. 

Beer. 

Alimentary preserves. 

Ships and boats. 


Tariff B and 


Schedule B. 


(See tariff of Norway, No. 94.) 

PROTOCOL. 

In order to facilitate the commercial relations between Spain and Norway a direct line of steamships shall be established between 
the two countries, placed under the auspices of the Norwegian Government, conformably to the stipulations of article 16 of the 
commercial convention, signed this day between Spain and Norway. 

In virtue of the dispositions of article 16, section 2, of the aforesaid convention, the undersigned plenipotentiaries have assembled 
to draw up the protocol establishing the details for the exploitation of the above-mentioned line and have agreed to the following 
articles: 

Article 1. The service shall effect at least one voyage (round trip) per month, unless prevented by stress of weather. The total 
number of voyages (round trip) can, however, not be inferior to twelve per year. 

Art. 2. On their departure from Norway the ships shall sail direct to a Spanish port in the Gulf of Biscay, from where they shall 
continue their voyage toward Barcelona, calling at any intermediary ports they may deem proper. 

Art. 3. From Barcelona the ships may call at Genoa or at any other Italian port. Should they effect such a voyage they must return 
to Barcelona, Valencia, or to any other Mediterranean port. 

Art. 4. On their return to Norway the ships must call at all Spanish ports where the quantity of goods offered is deemed sufficient 
by the director of the line, but in all cases and on every return voyage they must stop at Valencia and at Malaga. 

Art. 5. The dates of the departure of the vessels from every Spanish port of call must be published in the ordinary form and at 
least ten days in advance. 

Art. 6. The vessels of the line shall enjoy the privileges granted to vessels entrusted with a postal service by article 10 of the treaty 
of navigation signed March 15, 1883, between Spain and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. 

Art. 7. It is understood that irregularities in the service caused by accident or unforeseen circumstances shall not affect the 
commercial convention signed this day, and the Norwegian Government, in such case, shall incur no responsibility whatsoever. 

Art. 8. The line shall be inaugurated, at the latest, three months after the present commercial convention has entered into effect. 

Art. 9. Should experience demonstrate the necessity of modifying the preceding rules, such modifications may be made by mutual 
agreement between the contracting parties in the form of a protocol. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present protocol, and have thereto affixed their seals. 

Done in duplicate at Aranjuez, June 27, 1892. 








































3138 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


FINAL PROTOCOL. 

In order to avoid any divergence in the interpretation of the commercial convention concluded this day between Spain and Norway, 
the undersigned plenipotentiaries have adopted the following interpretations: 

1. Article 1 shall be interpreted as to relate only to a mutual guaranty that no commercial prohibitions shall be established between 
the two countries. 

2. The rights granted to subjects of the high contracting parties in article 2 of the convention shall be subject to the restrictions and 
formalities prescribed by the laws of the respective countries. 

3. The expression “imported direct,” inscribed in certain articles of the convention, shall likewise be applicable to goods passing 
through intermediary ports or countries, provided that such goods be accompanied by a through bill of lading from their place of origin. 

4. The expression “second column,” inscribed in article 15, designates the minimum tariff applicable in the provinces in question. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present protocol at Aranjuez on the 27th day of June, 1892. 

The preceding conventions have been duly ratified, and the ratifications were exchanged at Madrid August 9, 1893. The act of 

exchange stipulates that, notwithstanding the dispositions of article 15 of the convention with Sweden and of article 18 of that w r ith 
Norway, these conventions shall not enter into force until January 1, 1894. 

Spanish-Netherlands Treaty. 

Until a treaty of commerce and navigation shall have been concluded on a more liberal basis between Spain and the Netherlands, 
the Government of His Majesty the King of Spain and that of Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands have mutually agreed upon 
and adopted the following dispositions: 

1. The goods the origin of the Netherlands or of Dutch colonies enumerated in the hereto-annexed tariff (annex 1) shall on 
importation into Spain, when imported direct, be subject to the duties stipulated in said tariff. 

2. The goods enumerated in the hereto-annexed schedules (annexes 1 and 2) shall not be subject in Spain, when imported direct, to 
different or higher duties than those established for similar articles the produce or manufacture of any other country. 

3. The goods the origin of the Netherlands or of Dutch colonies not enumerated in annexes 1 or 2 of the present declaration shall be 
subject in the Kingdom and adjacent islands, when imported direct, to the minimum tariff (second column) of the general tariff of 
December 31, 1891. 

4. All goods the origin of the Netherlands or of Dutch colonies imported direct into the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico shall there 
be subject, during the continuance of the present convention, to the duties of the second column of the special customs tariff of these 
provinces of April 29, 1892, as long as said tariff remains in force. 

5. Importations w T ith through bills of lading are assimilated to direct importations. 

6. All goods the origin of Spain or adjacent islands, as well as those the origin of the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, shall not be 
subject, on their importation into the Netherlands, to different duties than those levied on goods the origin of any other country. 

7. The present declaration shall, within the shortest possible delay, be submitted to the approbation of the Parliament of each of the 
two countries. Should it be denounced by one of the Governments, it will cease its effects one year after such denunciation. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries, duly authorized, have signed the present declaration, and have thereto affixed 
their seals. 

Done in duplicate at Madrid, July 12, 1892. 

[seal.] Gericke. 

[seal.] The Duke of Tetuan. 


Annex 1.—Tariff of Import Duties on Netherlands Products in Spain. 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


Tariff. 


Cheese. 

Butter. 

Geneva, up to 22° Cartier ... 

Kum. 

Beer. 

Metallic capsules for bottles 

Tin, in ingots. 

Tin foil.\. 

Ammoniacal sulphate. 

Indigo. 

Flower bulbs. 


Kilogram_ 

100 kilograms. 
Hectoliter.... 

.do.. 

1 .do.. 

100 kilograms. 

i.do. 

.do. 


Pesetas. 

0.25 
40.00 
160.00 
160.00 
12.50 
15.00 
11.00 
22.00 
.25 
15.00 
Free. 


Annex 2.—List of Goods of Dutch Origin which can not be Subject in Spain to Different or Higher Import Duties than 
those Levied on Similar Articles the Produce or Manufacture of any other Country. 


Cocoa butter. 

Cocoa, ground. 

Chicory. 

Brandy and liqueurs. 

Articles of glass or crystal. 

Hides and skins, not tanned. 

Machinery. 

Vegetable oils (linseed). 

Starch. 

Cardboard (common) and paper. 

Flannel, with warp of cotton. 

Sacks of jute. 

Paraffin, stearin, wax, and spermaceti, manufactured. 
Transmission belts of leather. 

Illustrated printed matter (colored pictures, drawings, maps). 


Feculte for industrial purposes and dextrin, including potato meal. 
Milch cows. 

Cattle. 

Cinchona bark of Java. 

Sugar. 

Caoutchouc of Java. 

Dammar gum. 

Copal gum. 

Benzoic gum. 

Acacia vera. 

Nutmegs. 

Tea. 

Cast iron: 

In common wares (No. 28 of the tariff). 

In fine wares (No. 29 of the tariff). 


The present declaration has been duly ratified, the ratifications having been exchanged at Madrid, December 8, 1S93. 

The present declaration shall enter into force on February 1, 1894, conformablv to the stipulations of the act of exchange. 
(Gaceta of December 14, 1893.) 


































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3139 


Various Treaty Countries. 

Article 1. On and after January 1, 1894, and pending the decision of the Cortes on the project of a law which shall be immediately 
submitted to it, the products of the soil and industry of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, France, Great Britain and its colonies, 
and of Italy shall be subject to the lowest duties, and shall enjoy all the customs privileges resulting from the commercial conventions 
concluded with Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands under the same conditions as those stipulated in said conventions. 

Art. 2. The same duties and privileges shall be applied to products of all nations to whom the most-favored-nation treatment has 
been granted by treaties of commerce, peace, or friendship not yet denounced. 

Art. 3. The duties of the second column of the tariff shall continue to be levied in the manner at present in force on products of the 
soil or industry of all the other nations to whom this privileged treatment has been conceded in virtue of the royal ordinance of 
June 29, 1892. 

Art. 4. The Government shall report the dispositions of the present decree to the Cortes. (See Gaceta de Madrid, No. 1, of 
January 1, 1894.) 

[Boletin Official, No. 296 of .] 

1. The lowest duties and the privileged treatment conceded to Switzerland, Sweden and Norway, and the Netherlands and Dutch 
colonies shall be applicable to the products of the soil and industry of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, France (including Algeria), 
Great Britain and its colonies, and Italy; countries which have recently concluded commercial arrangements with Spain not yet approved 
by the Cortes. 

2. The same treatment shall be applied to products of the Argentine Republic, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Chile, Guatemala, Hawaiian 
Islands, Morocco, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Persia, Peru, Salvador, Uruguay, and Venezuela, which, in virtue of anterior conven¬ 
tions, enjoy the most-favored-nation treatment. 

3. The duties of the second column of the tariff in force shall continue to be levied, conformably to the prescriptions of the royal 
decree of June 29,1892, on the products of Annam, Belgium, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Japan, Russia (including Finland), and of Siam. 

4. All other countries not mentioned shall be subject to the treatment of the first column of the tariff. 


Spanish-Japanese Treaty. 

[Gaceta de Madrid, No. 303, of October 30,1897.] 

In virtue of the above-mentioned treaty, the two contracting parties reciprocally guarantee to each other the most-favored-nation 
treatment. 

The treaty shall not enter into force before July 17, 1899, date corresponding to the 17th day of the seventh month of the thirty- 
second year of Meiji. 

It shall have full effect one year after the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan has notified to the Government of His 
Majesty the King of Spain his intention to render the same applicable. 

This notification can be made at any time after July 16,1898, date corresponding to the 16th day of the seventh month of the thirty- 
first year of Meiji. 

The treaty shall remain in force during twelve years from the day on which it took effect. 

Each of the high contracting parties shall have the faculty, eleven years after the date of entry into force of the treaty, to notify to 
the other, whenever it deems opportune, its intention to terminate the same, and twelve months after such notification the treaty shall 
completely cease to have effect. 

The present treaty was ratified and the ratifications were exchanged at Tokyo on September 9, 1897. 


GERMANY. 

CUSTOMS TARIFF OF GERMANY AND THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBURG, WITH AMENDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO 

MARCH 1, 1899. 

Note. —Germany is bound by conventions which enforce in the present tariff the special duties known as conventional duties. These 
duties, designated in the tariff schedules, are applicable to goods proceeding from treaty countries, i. e., those countries with which 
Germany has concluded special commercial treaties, as well as to those countries enjoying the most-favored-nation treatment. 

In virtue of a decision of the Bundesrath, dated January 30, 1892, the following countries are declared to be treaty countries: 

The Argentine Republic, Belgium, Chile, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Greece, Great Britain, 
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Korea, Liberia, Madagascar, Morocco, Mexico, the Netherlands, Austria-Hungary, Paraguay, Persia, 
Salvador, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Servia, South African Republic, Turkey (also Egypt, Bulgaria, and Eastern Roumelia) the 
United States of America, and Zanzibar. Colonies and possessions of Great Britain, as well as those of the Netherlands, shall enjoy the 
privileges of contracting States; also Monaco, in virtue of its customs union with France. 

In virtue of a decision of the Bundesrath, of January 30, 1892, and in conformance to the law of the same date, relating to the 
application of conventional duties on imports from countries not enjoying the most-favored-nation treatment, Spanish goods, with the 
exception of the wine in casks, mentioned in No. 25 e 1, shall enjoy the privileges of treaty countries up to June 30, 1892. This also 
applies to goods imported from Spanish colonies. 

According to the stipulations concerning Spain and its colonies, conventional duties shall not at present be applied to goods the 
produce of Bolivia, Brazil, China, Colombia, Haiti, Japan, the Kongo Free State, the Orange Free State, Nicaragua, Peru, Portugal and 
its colonies, Roumania, Russia, including Finland, Samoa and Tonga, Siam, Tunis, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and some other States whose 
commerce with Germany is of less importance. 

According to the prescriptions of the Bundesrath, of January 30, 1892, relating to certificates of origin, for imports from countries 
enjoying the most-favored-nation treatment, the application of conventional duties shall be subordinate to the production of reliable 
evidence relative to the origin of the goods in question. Save certain exceptions, certificates of origin delivered by German consuls 
residing in the districts of production are exacted for wheat (No. 9 a), rye (No. 9 b a), oats (No. 95 fi), pulse (No. 9 b 5)barley (No 9 c), 
and maize (No. 9 e). For the undermentioned products it will be sufficient to produce certificates, or, if necessary, a legalized translation 
of the same, issued by the local authorities of the country of origin, or any other reliable proof of the origin of the goods, such as 
ships’ papers, invoices, original bills of lading, commercial correspondence, etc. 

Bed feathers, cleaned and prepared, No. 11 f; wood for building and industrial purposes, simply dressed with the ax in its length, 
or otherwise roughly prepared; staves not classed in No. 13 c 1; osiers, unstripped, for baskets, and hoop wood; hubs, felloes, and spokes, 
No. 13 c 2; wood for building and industrial purposes, sawn in its length; boards, not planed; square wood, sawn or cut, and other 
similar wood, No. 13 c 3; wine and must, in casks, No. 25 el; butter, No. 25 /; meat, fresh or prepared, No. 25 g 1; game of all kinds, 
dead, No. 25 g 3; almonds, drv, No. 25 h 3; eggs, No. 37 6; oxen, No. 39 c; young cattle, up to the age of 24 years, No. 39 d; and pigs, 
No. 39/. 

Goods imported from German territories situated outside of the customs zone shall be subject to the treatment applicable to the 
most favored nation. 


No. 8-8 



3140 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


Law of July 15, 1879. 

Section 1. On the importation of goods from abroad the duties stipulated in the tariff hereto annexed will be levied. This tariff 
replaces that of July 15, 1879, and the laws of June 6,1880, June 19, 1881, June 21, 1881, June 23, 1882, and May 13,1884, amending the 
same. a 

Sec. 2. The duties imposed according to weight will be levied on the gross weight when— 

a. The tariff expressly so provides; and 

b. With respect to goods on which the import duty does not exceed 6 marks per 100 kilograms. 

In other cases the duties will be levied on net weight. 

In estimating the net weight of liquids, the weight of the receptacle containing them, such as casks, bottles, stoneware vessels, etc., 
will not be deducted. Sirup will be dutiable according to the existing regulations. 

With respect to other goods the Bundesrath is to decide in which classes of goods the net weight is to be calculated on a percentage 
of the gross weight and is to establish the rate. 

Sec. 3. The Bundesrath is authorized to prescribe that the clearance of the goods classed in Nos. 2 c and 22 a, b, f, g 1, g 2, of the 
tariff, as well as those in the notes to letters/and g, also cloth and stuffs, printed or not, mentioned in 41 d, 5 and 6, be only effected in 
certain custom-houses, unless the interested parties are willing to pay the highest duties stipulated in the said numbers. 

This disposition shall also apply for the clearance of hard combed yarn of bright wool exceeding 20 centimeters in length (No. 41 c 2). 

Sec. 4. The following goods are admitted free of duty: 

a. Articles sent by post from abroad, when the weight of such articles does not exceed 250 grams gross weight. 

b. All articles paying according to weight, when such weight is under 50 grams. 

Duties amounting to less than 5 pfennigs will not be levied, and higher duties only in so far as they are divisible by 5, and 
eliminating all surplus pfennigs. 

The Bundesrath may, in case of misuse of the above provisions, enact limitations of a local extent. b 

Sec. 5. The following articles are imported free of duty when they fulfill the undermentioned conditions: 

1. Produce of agriculture and cattle breeding from such properties beyond the frontier as are managed from houses and farms within 
the frontier; also produce of forestry when the forest land beyond the frontier has formed part of the property within the frontier at 
least since July 15, 1879. 

2. Clothing and body linen, which has been used, and which is not for sale; household articles and effects, used; used manufacturing 
utensils and tools, when imported for the personal use of the immigrant; also, by special permission, new articles of dress, body linen, 
and effects, in so far as they are for the personal use of foreigners settling in the country in consequence of marriage. 

3. Inherited used furniture and effects, by special permission and on production of necessary proof. 

4. Traveling effects, clothes, body linen, etc., imported by travelers, carriers, sailors, for their own personal use; tools imported by 
traveling artisans, or instruments and utensils which traveling artists take with them in the exercise of their profession, as well as other 
articles of the kind above mentioned which precede or follow the above-named persons, and articles of consumption for the use of 
travelers. 

5. Carriages, including railway carriages, -which on passing the frontier only serve as means of transport to persons and conveyance 
of goods; also empty returning railway carriages belonging to German railway companies, and through carriages in the service of foreign 
railway administrations. 

Carriages of travelers, by special permission, even when at the time of entry they are not used by their owners as means of transport, 
in so far as it is proved that they have been in the use of, and are still intended to be used by, the owners. 

Horses and other animals, when it shall appear that they belong to the equipment of a traveling or freight carriage as draft horses 
or animals, and which serve for the conveyance of travelers and goods. 

If in virtue of international conventions railroads are established, or are to be established, between the German Empire and a 
neighboring State, and if the working of such railroads necessitates the establishment of a customs and frontier station in common, the 
Bundesrath is authorized to grant the importation free of duty to— 

a. All administrative materials and articles necessary for the construction of the buildings and of the road as far as the frontier; 
such materials, etc., must, in order to enjoy this exemption, be purchased by the foreign authorities or companies. 

b. All materials, implements, and articles of consumption imported by the foreign companies necessary for the working and repair 
of the undertaking, but only in quantities sufficient for the purpose. 

c. Instruments and articles of functionaries and employees of such foreign railroad administration, and of employees of other 
branches of the foreign administration who serve within the Empire. 

6. Casks, sacks, etc., empty, imported from abroad, in order to be filled with oil, cereals, etc., and destined to be reexported, or 
those which after having served for the exportation of similar products are returned, in both cases on proof of identity and security, if 
necessary, of the eventual payment of duty. Used empty sacks, casks, etc., require no control as to identity should all doubt be 
removed as to the fact that they have been employed in the conveyance of exported cereals, etc., or are intended for such exportation. 

7. Sample cards and samples, in cuttings or patterns which are only fit to be used as such. 

8. Works of art entering for exhibition in art exhibitions or for national or other public art institutions and collections; also such 
other articles as are intended for libraries and other scientific collections of public institutions; likewise specimens of natural history for 
scientific collections. 

9. Antiquarian articles (antiques and antiquities) when their nature and quality clearly shows that their value principally lies in 
their age, and that they are unsuited for purposes other than collecting. 

10. Materials necessary for building, repairing, or equipping seagoing vessels, including ordinary ships’ utensils, under regulations 
to be issued by the Bundesrath. The existing regulations will be observed as regards metal articles for the above-mentioned purposes. 

Sec. 6. Goods proceeding from countries that treat goods or ships of German origin less favorably than those of other countries 
may, in so far as existing treaties are not thereby violated, be burdened with a surtax ranging up to 100 per cent of the tariff duty- 
imposed on such goods. 

The levying of any such surtax will be enforced by an Imperial order after the consent of the Bundesrath has been obtained to it. 

This Imperial order is to be communicated at once to the Reichstag, or, if the Reichstag be not in session, when it next meets. 

The same shall no longer be enforced when not approved by the Reichstag. 

Sec. 7. 1. Forthe articles named in No. 9 of the tariff (cereals, etc.), when exclusively intended for sale beyond the German frontier, 
transit depots without official custody will be allowed, in which these articles may be* dealt with and repacked without restraint by 
previous declaration, and the process of mixing with home goods may be carried on with them, upon the condition, however, that when 
the mixed wares are exported the percentage of foreign in the whole is to be considered as the duty-free quantity for transit. For wares 
of the kind above described, intended for sale either at home or abroad, such transit depots may be granted. 

2. In the same manner shall or may be granted transit depots for the timber classed in No. *13c of the tariff, without official custody. 
These depots need not be inclosed; also the timber or wood named in 13c, 1, 2, or 3 may be taken from time to time from the depots, and 
after they have been wrought in such manner as would bring them into No. 13c, 2, 3, or include them in articles not finished, planed, or 
in common coopers’ wares, not painted, or veneers, in letters d or c, may again be returned to the depot. 


»The dispositions of this paragraph have been printed with the modifications made thereto. 

b Shipments of 50 grams gross weight and above, effected by means of the post across the Austro-Hungarian frontier, or German territories situated outside the 
customs zone, are, if such shipments pay a customs duty of 100 marks or more per 100 kilograms, excluded from the prescriptions of section 4 a. (Decision of the 
Bundesrath of July 5, 1882.) Shipments by post imported across the Austro-Hungarian frontier, across German territories situated outside the customs zone and 
from Switzerland, France, Belgium, and Holland, are, if such shipments consist of watches, or oi movements or cases of watches, also excluded. (Decision of the 
Bundesrath of December 17,1885.) 



1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3141 


Y hen wood for building or industrial purposes, worked in the transit depots, is exported abroad a proportional drawback will be 
allowed thereon corresponding to the waste resulting from such work. This drawback shall be as follows: 


a. For articles sawn or cut, cut in four or more sides, in the length: Per cent. 

a. Of the same width and .thickness in the entire length. 33 J 

/?. Of an unequal thickness or width.20 

b. For boards not squared, not dressed. 20 

c. For veneers, sawn. 50 

d. For articles planed and wrought in such manner as to bring them from Class c 3 into Class d . 15 

e. In all other cases. 7£ 


For timber and wood coming in on rafts and forwarded on under certificate 1, the Bundesrath may order the prescribed forms to be 
relaxed. 

For millers’ wares a relaxation will be conceded so that on exportation the duty paid on the original foreign grain shall be returned 
in proportion to the percentage of foreign grain used in the manufacture of such wares. The entry of such wares in a customs warehouse 
with official custody shall be assimilated to exportation. In regard to fixing the proportions of cereal to flour as above mentioned, the 
Bundesrath will establish them. Foreign cereals cleared by the administration for mills and those deposited in places declared to the 
fiscal agents as intended for the storage of such cereals may not be sold in their natural state except with permission of the administration. 
Every infraction of this restriction shall be punishable with a fine not exceeding 1,000 marks. 

3a. To the owners of oil mills a relaxation will be conceded for their products exported, so that on exportation the import duty paid 
on the oleaginous fruits named in No. 9 d a of the tariff shall be returned in proportion to the foreign fruits imported to the mill. The 
said products stored in a customs warehouse with official custody shall be assimilated to exportation. The Bundesrath will establish the 
proportions of fruits to oil. Foreign oleaginous fruits cleared by the customs for mills, and those deposited in places declared to the fiscal 
agents as intended for the storage of such fruits, may not be sold in their natural state except with the permission of the administration. 
Every infraction shall be punishable with a fine not exceeding 1,000 marks. 

4. The further provisions, and especially the conditions to be imposed upon owners of depots, will be determined by the Bundesrath. 

The Bundesrath, in its session of June 25, 1896, ordered as follows: 

1. The superior financial district administrations are authorized, subject to the repeal of this favor at any time and to the application 
of such measures of control as may be deemed necessary, to release from the payment of import duties manufactures of cocoa preparations 
or products containing sugar and intended for export, made in closed premises under customs control and constantly under their official 
surveillance. This exemption is granted on condition that the manufactured products be exported, and shall apply to the following goods 
for the quantities proved to have been employed in such manufacture: 

Cocoa in the bean (No. 25 m 3 of the customs tariff). 

Cocoa butter (No. 2b mb). 

Essential oils not manufactured in the country (No. 5 a 2). 

Arrack and rum (No. 25 b 2). 

Southern fruits (No. 25 h ). 

Ginger, vanilla, and cinnamon (No. 25 i). 

Honey (No. 25 l). 

Peel of southern fruits and unripe oranges (No. 25 p 2). 

Tea (No. 25 w). 

The exemption from duty shall take place on the arrival of the aforesaid goods at the factory premises locked under customs control, 
provided always that for any quantities found short on taking the inventory the duties may be levied. 


German Import Duties. 


Money, weights, and measures .—The monetary unit of Germany is the reichsmark (of 100 pfennigs) = 23.8 cents. For weightsand measures Germany has adopted 
the metrical system. 

Notes. — (1) The duty, unless otherwise stipulated, is per 100 kilograms; (2) the tare allowances established by the Bundesrath have been specified in each 
number. The same give' the percentage to be deducted from the gross weight in order to obtain the net weight. The following abbreviations have been adopted; 
B. = barrel or cask; D. =double cask; C. = case; Bs. = basket; Bl. = bale; S. = sack. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


Marks. 


United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 


No. 1.— Waste. 


а. Scraps from iron manufacture (scales, filings), from sheet iron, tinned or zincked; from glassworks, also eullet and pieces of pottery; refuse 

from the manufacture of wax (with the exception of wax parings); lye from soap manufactories; glue stock from tanneries; old pieces of 
leather, and other leather parings only fit for raw materials, for manufactures. 

б. Blood of slaughtered animals, liquid or dry; tendons; residues of pressed grapes, and of malt; residues from distilleries; chaff, bran, malt 

dust, coal ashes, animal and other manures, such as lye ashes, slack lime, residues of bone black, bone of all kinds, etc. 

Note to b: Chemical manures and salts for manures which by their nature are subject to duty may be imported free of duty by special 
permission. Salts for manures shall, however, only enjoy this exemption when the employment thereof is properly controlled. 

c. Rags of all kinds, waste paper, old printed paper, and old manuscripts, old fishing nets, old cordage, and lint. 

Note; Wastes not specially mentioned are dutiable according to the raw materials from which they originate. 

No. 2 .—Cotton and cotton goods. 

a. Cotton, raw. carded, combed, dyed. 

b. Cotton wadding. 

c. Cotton yam, unmixed or mixed with linen, silk, wool, or other vegetable or animal textile materials: 

1. Single twist, raw— * 

a. Up to No. 17 English, inclusive. . 

/3. Above No. 17 to No. 45 English. 

y. Above No. 45 to No.” 60 English... 

S. Above No. GO to No. 79 English. 

Conventional duty.-. 

<•. Above No. 79 English. 

Conventional duty. 

Tare No. 2 cl: C. 15, B. 13, Bs. 13, Bl.3. 

2. Of two ends, raw— 

a. Up to No. 11 English, inclusive... 

/3. Above No. 17 to No. 45 English. 

y. Above No. 45 to No. 60 English... 

S. Above No. 60 to No. 79 English. 

«. Above No. 79 English. 

Tare for No. 2 c 2: B. and C. 14, Bs. 13, Bl. 3. 


Free. 

Dollars. 

Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


1.50 

0.357 

12.00 

2.856 

18.00 

4.284 

24.00 

5.712 

30.00 

7.14 

24.00 

5.712 

36.00 

8.568 

24.00 

5.712 

15.00 

3.57 

21.00 

4.998 

27.00 

6.426 

33.00 

7.854 

39.00 

9.282 




































3142 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


No. 2.— Cotton and cotton goods— Continued. 

c. Cotton yarn, unmixed or mixed with linen, silk, wool, or other vegetable or animal textile materials—Continued. 

3. Of one or two ends, bleached or dyed— 

a. Up to No. 17 English, inclusive.-. 

/3. Above No. 17 to No. 45 English. 

y. Above No. 45 to No. 60 English. 

8. Above No. 60 to No. 79 English. 

«. Above No. 79 English. 

Tare for No. 2 c 3: B. and C. 18, Bs. 13, Bl. 3. 

4. Of three ends or more, bleached and cable twist, raw, bleached or dyed. 

With three ends and more, single twist, raw (embroidering yarn), with special permission (conventional duty). 

Tare: C. and B. of hard wood, 18; C. of soft wood 16; Bs. 13; Bl. 3. For yarn of three ends and more, on wooden bobbins: C., 
when more than 200 kilograms, 14. 

5. Of two ends, cable twist, raw, bleached or dyed, also cotton thread of all kinds, prepared for retail sale.. 

Tare: B. 18, C. 16, Bs. 13, Bl. 3. For cotton thread of all kinds, prepared for retail sale on bobbins: C. of more than 200 kilo¬ 
grams, 13. 

6. Wicks, not woven.. 

Tare: B. and C. 18, Bs. 13, Bl. 7. 

d. Tissues of cotton, pure, or combined with metallic threads, without admixture of silk, wool, or other animal hair mentioned in No. 41; 

1. Unbleached close-woven tissues (manufactured from unbleached yarn), except cut velvet, also tulle, unbleached, not figured.. 

Bed covers of cotton, unbleached, close woven, shaggy, seamed, or with woven cotton fringes, with indications where to be cut 

off (conventional duty)..... 

Felts, unbleached (coverings for cylinders, drying felts, etc., endless, shaggy), of cotton, for the manufacture of wood or straw 
pulp, of cellulose and of paper (conventional duty). 

2. Bleached close-woven tissues, even sized, with the exception of cut velvets. 

Bed covers of cotton, bleached, close woven, shaggy, seamed, or with woven cotton fringes, with indications were to be cut off 
(conventional duty). 

3. All close-woven tissues, not mentioned in Nos. 1, 2, and 6; unbleached tissues (manufactured of unbleached yarn), open tissues, with 

the exception of window curtains, when not coming under section 1; hosiery, trimmings, and buttons; also twists combined with 

metallic threads. 

Bed covers of cotton, dyed, close woven, shaggy, seamed, or with woven cotton fringes, with indications where to cut off (con¬ 
ventional duty). 

Hosiery of cotton (conventional duty). 

4. Tissues for curtains, bleached and sized. 

5. All transparent tissues, such as jaconet, muslin, tulle, marly, gauze, provided they do not come under Nos. 1, 3, and 4. 

Flat-stitch embroidered tissues, woven with bleached cotton yarn, raw, when imported through special custom-houses (conven¬ 
tional duty). 

Flat-stitch embroidered tissues, bleached, dyed, etc., when imported through special custom-houses (conventional duty). 

Tulle (conventional duty) . 

6. Lace and embroideries... 

Embroideries (conventional duty) . 

Tare for No. 2 d: B. and C. 14; Bl. with iron hoops, 3; without iron hoops, 4; for dyed close-woven tissues, C. 14; cloth for 
architects on wooden rollers, 15. 

Notes to d: 

1. Fishing nets, new. 

2. Coarse tissues made from cotton waste, in pieces not exceeding 50 centimeters in length or -width—and not exceeding 60 

centimeters in length or width when proceeding from treaty countries—having the appearance of gray packing cloth and 

intended for press cloth, dishcloths, etc., also combined with other textile materials or with isolated dyed threads. 

Conventional duty. 

Tare to note 2 of No. 2 d: C. 13, Bs. 9, Bl. 6. 

3. Emery cloth. 


No. 3.— Lead, and manufactures of lead, even alloyed with antimony, zinc, or tin. 

a. Lead, crude, in scrap; litharge of lead, silver, or gold. 

b. Lead, rolled; printing type.... 

c. Common manufactures of lead, even combined with wood, iron, zinc, or tin, neither polished nor varnished, and wire. 

d. Fine manufactures of lead, varnished or not; the same manufactures combined with other materials, provided that such wares are not 

mentioned in No. 20. 

Tare to No. 3 d: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13. 


No. 4.— Brush and sieve manufactures. 

a. Common wares; 

1. Brushes and brooms of bast, straw, reeds, grass, roots, rushes, etc., combined or not with wood or iron, neither polished nor lacquered. 

Brooms of bast, straw, reeds, grass, roots, rushes, etc., combined or not with wood or iron, neither polished nor lacquered (con¬ 
ventional duty). 

2. Other, not mentioned, combined or not with wood or iron, neither polished nor lacquered. 

Tare to No: 4 a 2: B. and C. 16. and Bl. 6. 

b. Fine wares, even combined with other materials, provided that such wares are not mentioned in No. 20. 

Tare: B. and C. 20. 


No. 5.— Drugs, pharmaceutical products, and dyeing materials. 

1. Ethers of all kinds, with the exception of sulphuric ether: 

a. In barrels.. 

p. In bottles, jars, or other receptacles.. 

a. Sulphuric ether, chloroform, collodion, volatile oils, with the exception of those mentioned in letters c and m; essences, extracts, and dyes 

manufactured with alcoholic or volatile waters and employed in industry or medicine; varnishes of all kinds, with the exception of oil 
varnishes; colors for painters, body colors and pastels; drawing chalk, india ink; paint boxes, oil and water colors; lead pencils, red and 

colored pencils.. 

Graphite in tablets, dies, etc., compressed and with divisions (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 5 a: If the goods are subject to a duty of 20 marks, C. 16, Bs. 9, Bl. 6. 

b. Ultramarine... 

Tare: C. 15, B. 9. 

c. Juniper and rosemary oil. 

Tare: C. 16, Bs. 9, Bl. 6. 

d. Matches, wax or wooden. 

Tare: C. 20. 

e. Oxalic acid, salt of oxalic acid; cyanide of potassium, yellow, white, and red. 

Tare: C. 16, Bs. 9, Bl. 1. 

f. Oil varnishes... 

a. Caustic soda and caustic potash. 

h. Alum, white of baryta, printers’ ink, chloride of lime, dyewood extracts, gelatin, putty, glue, lampblack, shoe blacking, sealing wax, ink, 

and ink powder, carriage grease, inflammable and explosive substances, with the exception of wooden or wax matches. 

i. Calcined soda; bicarbonate of soda. 

k. Soda, raw, natural or artificial; crystallized soda; potash. 

l. Soluble glass. 


Marks. 

United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 

• 

24.00 

Dollars. 

5. 712 

30.00 

7.14 

36.00 

8.568 

42.00 

9.996 

48.00 

10.948 

48.00 

10.948 

36.00 

8.568 

70.00 

16.66 

24.00 

5.712 

80.00 

19.04 

60.00 

14.28 

65.00 

15.47 

100.00 

23.80 

SO. 00 

19.04 

120.00 

28.56 

90.00 

21.42 

95.00 

22.61 

230.00 

54.74 

200.00 

47.60 

120.00 

28.56 

150.00 

35.70 

150.00 

35.70 

350.00 

83.30 

275.00 

65.45 

3.00 

.714 

10.00 

2.38 

7.50 

1.785 

6.00 

1.428 

Free. 


3.00 

.714 

6.00 

1.428 

24.00 

5.712 

4.00 

.952 

8.00 

1.904 

8.00 

1.904 

24.00 

6.712 

125.00 

29.75 

180.00 

42.84 

20.00 

4.76 

2.00 

.476 

15.00 

3.57 

12.00 

2.856 

10.00 

2.38 

8.00 

1.904 

6.00 

1.428 

4.00 

.952 

3.00 

.714 

2.50 

. 595 

1.53 

.357 

1.00 

.238 































































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


8143 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


Marks. 


United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 


No. b.—Drugs, pharmaceutical products, and dyeing materials —Continued. 


m. Raw products and chemical manufactures employed in industry and medicine, especially drugs, pharmaceutical products and colors, 
provided that they are not mentioned in any other letter of this number or in any other number of the tariff; benzine and other similar 
light tar oils; turpentine oil; rosin oil; animal oil; mineral waters, natural arid artificial, including the bottles and jars; wafers, 

condensed juices; gunpowder; lees of wine, dried or moist.. 

n Preparations of strontia... 

lhalk, washed.... 


No. 6 .—Iron and its manufactures. 

a. Coarse iron of all kinds; scrap iron of all kinds not mentioned in No. 1. 

b. Iron for the purpose of being wrought (iron and steel capable of being welded, iron and steel in pigs and ingots), in bars, including shaped 

iron, tires, plowshares, angle and corner iron, rails, fish plates, chairs, and sleepers for railways... 

Iron in bars not exceeding 12 centimeters (4.7 inches) in length, for remelting (conventional duty). 

Note to b. Blooms and ingots, still containing slags; rails in the rough. 

c. Plates and sheets of wrought iron; 

1. Rough. 

2. Polished, varnished, lacquered, coated with copper, tin (tin plate), zinc,or lead. 

d. Wire, coated with copper, zinc, tin, lead, polished or varnished. 

Note to b and d: Wrought-iron bars or wire for the manufacture of cards, by permission and under the control of the Administra¬ 
tion. 

e. Ironware: 

1. Quite coarse— 

a. Of cast iron. 

Note to e 1 a: Cast-iron pipes, rough (including joints and shaped pieces), imported from treaty countries, even if coated with 
a layer of tar, or filed at some parts, shall be dutiable according to this subdivision. 
p. Of roughly wrought iron, as unfinished parts of machines, carriages, bridges, and parts of bridges, anchors, chains, and wire ropes; 
axles, tires, and wheels of railway carriages and trucks; buffers, cannon tubes, anvils, vises, windlasses, capstans or jacks, 

cramp hooks, sledge hammers, springs, skids, tongs, and horseshoes. 

Railway axles, tires, and wheels (conventional duty). 

y. Rolled and drawn wroughi-tron tubes. 

2. Coarse: 

a. Not otherwise mentioned, combined or not with wood. 

P. Ground, varnished, coated with copper, zinc, tin or enamel, but not polished or lacquered; also skates, hammers, axes, choppers, 
common locks, common knives, scythes, sickles, currycombs, tower clocks, screw-drivers, squares, wood screws, lock screws, 

screws of iron wire, stamped keys, manure and hay forks. 

Kitchen utensils, coarse, enameled (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 6 e 2 p: B. and C. 10, Bs. 6, Bl. 4. For bolts, wood screws, nails and locks: B. and C. 8. 
y. Hand files, sword blades, planing irons, chisels, tailors’ and drapers’ scissors, pruning shears, shears for tin plate, saws, wimbles, 

stocks and dies, knives for machines and for paper, as well as similar tools.. 

Tare to No. 6 e 2 y: B. and C. 10, Bs. 6, Bl. 4. 

Note to e 2: Chains and cables for the towage and warpage of vessels. 

3. Fine: 

a. Of fine cast iron, light ornaments, polished cast iron, artistic castings,malleable cast iron. 

p. Of wrought iron, polished or lacquered; cutlery, scissors, knitting and crochet needles, swordmakers’ wares, wrenches of nickeled 
iron, etc. 

All these articles, if they are not otherwise mentioned, even if they are combined with wood and other materials, unless 

they are classed, on account of such combination, under No. 20. 

y. Sewing needles, pens of steel or other common metals; movements of clocks, other than tower clocks and watches, as well as 

fittings of common metals for clocks and watches, firearms of all kinds.. 

Springs, hammers, and barrels for guns, of common iron or steel— 

Not polished (conventional duty).. 

Polished (conventional duty).. 

Fine, polished, lacquered (conventional duty).. 

Locks for guns (conventional duty).. 

Tare to No. 6 e 3: Provided that these articles do not pay 6 marks: B. and C. 13, Bs. 6: Bl. 4, C. 8. 

No. 7.— Earths, ores, precious metals, asbestus, and articles of asbestus. 

a. Earths and mineral substances, raw, even calcined, washed or ground, as well as ores, even prepared but not specially classed; precious 

metals, coined, in bars, or broken pieces; asbestus fibers, even cleaned, asbestus cement, liquid asbestus.. 

b. Cardboard and paper of asbestus, in sheets or rolls, and plates of asbestus: 

1. Not molded.. 

2. Molded, even perforated.... 

Tare to No. 7 b: C. 14, Bs. 9, Bl. 6; bales of cardboard with wooden framework at the ends, and tied up with rope, 6. 

c. Asbestus yarn; laces, ribbons, string, straps and cordage of asbestus, even mixed with other textile materials.. 

d. Tissues of asbestus, even mixed with other textile materials.. 

e. Articles of asbestus not otherwise mentioned, even combined with other materials, such articles not entering in No. 20.. 

Tare to No. 7 c, d, and e: C. 16, Bs. 9, Bl. 6. 


Dollars. 


2.00 

.476 

.30 

.071 

1.00 

.238 

2.50 

.595 

1.50 

.357 

1.50 

.357 

3,00 

.714 

5.00 

1.19 

3.00 

.714 

.50 

.119 

2.50 

.595 

3.00 

.714 

2.50 

.595 

5.00 

1.19 

6.00 

1.428 

10.00 

2.38 

7.50 

1.785 

15.00 

3.57 


Free. 


24.00 

5.712 

60.00 

14.28 

6.00 

1.428 

10.00 

2.38 

24.00 

5.712 

24.00 

5.712 

Free. 


10.00 

2.38 

24.00 

5.712 

24.00 

5.712 

40.00 

9.52 

60.00 

14.28 


No. 8.—Flax and other textile vegetable materials, with the exception of cotton. 

Raw, retted, heckled, and waste of such materials.. 

No. 9 .—Cereals and other agricultural products. 

a. Wheat. 

Conventional duty.. 

b. a. Rye.-.-...... 

Conventional duty. 

p. Oats. 

Conventional duty.. 

y. Buckwheat.. 

S. Pulse.. 

Conventional duty. . 

e. Other cereals not specially mentioned. 

c. Barley. 

Conventional duty. 

d. a. Colza, turnip, poppy, sesame, earth nuts, and other oleaginous seeds not elsewhere mentioned.. 

p. Linseed, cotton seed, castor seed, palm seed, and copra.. 

e. Maize and dari. 

Maize (conventional duty). 

/. Malt (barley and oat). 

Malt, barley (conventional duty). 

g. Anise, coriander, fennel, and caraway seeds. 


Free. 


5.00 

1.19 

3.50 

.833 

5.00 

1.19 

3.50 

.833 

4.00 

.952 

2.80 

.666 

2.00 

.476 

2.00 

.476 

1.50 

.357 

1.00 

.238 

2.25 

.535 

2.00 

.476 

2.00 

.476 

Free. 


2.00 

.476 

1.60 

.38 

4.00 

.952 

3.60 

.856 

3.00 

.714 


































































3144 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 




German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


No. 9.— Cereals and other agricultural products —Continued. 


h. Grapes, fresh. 

Fresh table grapes (conventional duty). 

Fresh table grapes forwarded by post in packets weighing 5 kilograms (gross) and less. 

Other fresh grapes (conventional duty).. 

Other fresh grapes for making wine, pressed in casks or tank waeons, even if in a state of fermentation, provided that the material 

contains all the parts composing the fruit, such as stalks, seeds, and skins (conventional duty). 

Tare for fresh grapes, provided that such grapes are subject to the duty of 15 or 10 marks per 100 kilograms: C. and B. 16; C. and 
B. when packed in sawdust or cork dust and the like, 20; B. and C. when incomplete, i. e., cases with interspaces (crates) or holes, 
with covering of tissues, etc., 11; baskets with covers, 8, without covers, 6. 

i. Chicory and beet roots, dried (gedarrt). 

Chicory, dried (gedarrt) (conventional duty). 

k. Agricultural products not otherwise mentioned". 


No. 10.— Glass and glassware. 

a. Common hollow glass, green or of other natural colors, neither molded, cut, nor ground, covered or not with osiers, rushes, straw, or reeds, 
common; glass in the lump; opitical glass, rough (flint glass, crown glass); rough sheets of ribbed glass; glass for skylights; enamel and 
glazing in the lump; glass tubes and rods, without distinction of color, for the manufacture of beads and artistic articles. 


b. White, hollow glass, plain, neither cut, ground, nor molded, but with cut or ground stoppers, bottoms, or rims.gross weight.. 

c. Window and plate glass, of a natural color (green, white, or half white), plain, not ground: 

When the height and breadth together does not exceed— 

1. 120 centimeters. 

2. From 120 to 200 centimeters.gross weight.. 

3. More than 200 centimeters.do. 

d. 1. Mirror glass, rough, not ground. 

2. Plate, window, and mirror glass, ground, polished, with designs, frosted, colored, or silvered, of all kinds.gross weight.. 

Bull’s-eye glass (conventional duty).do. 


c. Pendants of chandeliers, buttons, even colored; massive white glass, not elsewhere mentioned; molded, pressed, cut, ground, polished, 

corroded, and engraved or figured glass, provided that it is not included in letters d or/. 

Conventional duty.. 

Tare for pendants and buttons: B. and C. 22, Bs. 13; for molded, pressed, cut, ground, and engraved glass, B. and C. 40, Bs. 13; for 
cut and massive white glass, Bs. 13. B. and C. 40; spectacle glasses, unmounted, of white glass, 17. 

Note to e: Small glass plates, pearls, bugles, and drops of glass, even colored. 

Conventional duty. 

f. Colored glass other than that mentioned in letters a, d , and e; painted or gilt (silvered) glass; imitation precious stones, not set; glass and 

enamel wares combined with other materials, provided that they can not be classed in No. 20. 

1. Colored glass other than that mentioned in letters o, d, and e; molded, cut, polished, ground, engraved by means of acids, with 

designs (conventional duty).. 

2. Small glass plates, pearls, enamel drops and buttons (with or without eyelets), painted, gilt, or silvered (conventional duty). 

3. Other glass, colored or gilt (silvered), imitation precious stones, not set (conventional duty) . 

4. Articles of glass or enamel, combined with other materials, provided that they can not be classed in No. 20 (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 10/; B. and C. 40, Bs. 13; for artificial pearls (glass enamel) colored, gilt, or silvered: C. 19. 

Note to /: Opal and alabaster glass, plain, neither ground, polished, colored, nor molded, or with only the stoppers, 

bottoms, and rims polished or ground. 

Tare to note to No. 10/: B. and C. 50, Bs. 13. 

No. 11 .—Human hair, horsehair, and articles made therewith; feathers and bristles. 

a. Horsehair, raw, combed, boiled, dyed, even in tresses or spun; bristles; oil bags or horsehair; bed feathers, not cleaned. 

b. Plaits of horsehair, tissues of horsehair, even when combined with other textile materials, provided that either the warp or weft be wholly 

composed of horsehair. 

Tare to No. 11 b: C. 20, Bl. 7. 

c. Human hair, raw, combed, boiled, dyed, even in tresses or spun. 

Tare to No i 1 <■: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 9. 

d. Wigs and other artic.es of ha r or imitation hair. 

Tare to No. 11 d; B. and C. 20. Bs. 13, Bl. 9. 

e. Quills for writing, rouge; raw feathers for ornament not comprised in letter g . 

/. Quills for writing, prepared; bed feathers, cleaned and prepared. 

Bed feathers, cleaned and prepared (conventional). 

g. Prepared ornamental feathers. 

Tare to No. 11 g: C. 20, Bs. 11, Bl. 9. 


No. 12.— Hides and skins. 

a. Raw (green, salted, treated with lime, and dried), for tanning, even without the hair 

b. Skins for furriers. 


No. 13.— Wood and other vegetable and animal materials for carving, and wares made therewith. 

a. Firewood; wood for paste used in the manufacture of cellulose, not exceeding 1 meter in length or 18 centimeters in width at the 

thinnest end; twigs, and brooms of twigs; charcoal; cork in planks or cubes; bricks of tan waste (for fuel); carving materials, vegeta¬ 
ble or animal, not specially mentioned.. 

b. Bark and tan bark.. . . 

Conventional.. 

C. Wood for building and industrial purposes: 

1. Rough or simply cut in lengths with the ax or saw, or rough-hewn, even when the hard wood is exposed by longitudinal cuts, with or 

without the bark; staves of oak 100 kilograms 20 pfennige; or per cubic meter. 

Note to c 1: Under right of suppression, or of local modification on account of abuse: 

a. Wood for industries of the frontier zone, conveyed by draft animals, provided that such wood proceeds direct from 

forests and be not conveyed to a place of shipment or a railway station; this privilege is, however, restricted to the 
industries established within the frontier zone on July 1,1885, and to the average importation of such wood from 
abroad during the three years preceding October 1,1885; this privilege shall remain in force until July 1,1901. 

b. Building and other wood for domestic needs and industrial purposes of the inhabitants of the frontier zone, on condi¬ 

tion that it be imported by pack or draft animals, and conformably to the dispositions to be prescribed by the 
Bundesrath.. 

2. Wood dressed in its length with the ax, and hewn or divided in a manner other than mentioned in c 1; staves not entering in c i; 

unpeeled osier for basket v T ork and hoop wood; hubs, fellies, and spokes for wheels, per cubic meter. 

Note to c 1 and 2: Wood for industrial purposes, box, cedar, cocus (a greenish wood for the manufacture of pipes, etc.), 
ebony, or mahogany, 100 kilograms, 10 pfennige; or per cubic meter. 

3. Sawn in lengths; planks not planed; sawn squared timber, and wood sawn or cut into other shapes, 100 kilograms, 1 mark; or per 

cubic meter.. 

Conventional duty, 100 kilograms, 80 pfennige; or per cubic meter. 

Note to c 2 and 3: 

1. Cedar, cut. 

2. Briar, in pieces, cut. 


Marks. 

United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 

15.00 

Dollars. 

3.57 

4.00 

.952 

Free. 


10.00 

2.38 

4.00 

.952 

1.00 

.238 

.80 

.19 

Free. 


3.00 

.714 

8.00 

1.904 

6.00 

1.428 

8.00 

1.904 

10.00 

2.38 

3.00 

.714 

24.00 

5.712 

12.00 

2.856 

24.00 

6.712 

12.00 

2.856 

4.00 

.952 

2.0C 

.476 

30.00 

7.14 

15.00 

3.57 

15.00 

3.57 

20.00 

4.76 

24.00 

5.712 

10.00 

2.38 

Free. 


48.00 

11.424 

100.00 

23.80 

200.00 

47.60 

3.00 

.714 

6.00 

1.428 

Free. 


900.00 

214.20 

Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


.50 

.119 

Frse. 


1.20 

.285 

Free. 


Free. 


.40 

.0952 

.60 

.142 

6.00 

1.428 

4.80 

1.142 

.25 

.059 

Free. 









































































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3145 


German Import Duties —Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


DUTY. 


Marks. 


United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 


No. 13.— Wood and other vegetable and animal materials for carving, and wares made therewith —Continued. 

d. Coopers’, turners’, and carpenters’ wares, rough, common, not painted; wheelwrights’ and other wares, simply planed, with the exception 

of furniture of hard wood, or veneered furniture; peeled osiers, coarse basket wares, neither painted, stained, lacquered, polished, nor 

varnished; horn in sheets, and rough bone simply cut into plates; rattans, stained or split.. 

Plaits of shavings, not painted (conventional duty).. 

Horn in sheets, and rough bone in plates, simply cut (conventional duty)... 

e. Cut veneers; parquetry, unglued, not stained. 

Conventional duty. 

f. Furniture, and parts thereof, of wood, not comprised under d and g, even combined in part with common metals, leather, glass, stone (with 

the exception of precious or demiprecious stones), stoneware, faience, or porcelain; other carpenters’, turners’, and coopers’ wares; 
wheelwrights’ wares, and large basket wares, painted, stained, lacquered, polished, varnished, or combined in part with the materials 
mentioned above; parquetry glued together, veneered, not inlaid; coarse wares of cork (bands and cubes of cork); common toys, not 

painted; whalebone, in strips. 

Tare: B. and C. 16, Bl. 6. 

Bobbins of wood, painted (conventional duty). 

g. Fine wooden wares (inlaid or carved), fine basket work, corks, cork soles, carved cork, as well as wares of all substances capable of being 

carved, animal or vegetable, not included under letters d, e,f, and h, with the exception of tortoise shell, ivory, mother-of-pearl, amber, 

or black or colored jet, combined or not with other materials, provided such wares are not mentioned in No. 20; bronzed wood.. 

Plaits of shavings, painted; furniture of bent wood with molded and ornamented parts; and parts of furniture, molded and orna¬ 
mented (such as chairs, etc.) (conventional duty). 

Moldings and frames, bronzed, gilt, or silvered; wooden toys, with the exception of those mentioned in letter/, even if combined with 

other materials, provided that they are not, for this reason, classed in No. 20 (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 18 g: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 0, and for cork stoppers Bl. 5. 

Notes to g: 

1. Buffalo and other horns, in sticks, smoothed, polished,or otherwise worked. 

Tare: B. 20, C. 10, Bs. 13, Bl. 9. 

2. Buttons of horn, molded... 

Conventional duty. 

Tare: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 9. 

A. Upholstered furniture of all kinds: 

1. Uncovered. 

2. Covered. 

Tare to No. 13 A; B. and C. 16, Bs. 13, Bl. 6. 

No. 14 .—Hops ...gross weight.. 

Hops and flour of hops (lupuline) (conventional duty). 

No. 15.— Instruments, machines, carriages, and vessels. 

a. Instruments, irrespective of the material of which composed: 

1. Musical instruments. 

Musical instruments, church organs, with the exception of pianos, harmoniums, and other keyboard instruments (conventional 

duty). 

Tare to No. 15 a 1; B. and C. 23; Bl. 9. 

2. Astronomical, surgical, optical, mathematical, chemical (for laboratories), and physical instruments. 

b. Machines: 

1. Locomotives and portable engines. 

2. Other machines, according to the preponderating material: 

а. Of wood... 

p. Of cast iron... 

y. Of wrought iron. 

б. Of other common metals. 

Tare to No. 15 6 2 6: B. and C. 13; Bs. 6, Bl. 4. 

Note to 6 1 and 2: Marine engines and boilers. 

Note to 6 2,8 and y (applicable to treaty countries): Machinery for flour mills, electric machinery, cotton-spinning machinery, 
weaving machinery, steam engines, steam boilers, machinery for the manufacture of wood and paper pulp, machine tools, tur¬ 
bines, gearings, machines for working wool, pumps, ventilators, blowing machines, sets of rollers, steam hammers, shears and 
punches, cranes, hoisting machinery. When any of the above-mentioned machines, chiefly composed of cast or wrought iron, 
are imported in detached parts from a treaty country, all the detached parts being cleared at the same time, such parts shall be 
dutiable according to the preponderating material of the complete machine. 

3. Cards and card mountings. 

Cards (carding machines, also detached parts of such machines with card mountings), weighing at least 200 kilograms net (conven¬ 
tional duty). 

Tare to No. 15 6 3: B. and C. 13, Bs. 6, Bl. 4. 

c. Carriages and sleighs: 

1. Railway carriages— 

a. Neither upholstered nor with leather work.ad valorem.. 

p. Other.do— 

2. Other carriages and sleighs, upholstered or lined with leather.each.. 

d. River and seagoing vessels, including ordinary fittings; anchors, anchor and other chains, as well as engines and boilers. 

Note: All removable articles not forming part of the ordinary fittings of the vessel are dutiable according to their classification 
in the tariff. 

No. 16 .—Calendars . 

No. 17 .—Caoutchouc and gutta-percha, and articles made therewith. 

Caoutchouc and gutta-percha, raw or refined, hardened caoutchouc (vulcanized and ebonite), even polished, or with impressed designs, in 

sheets of uneven surface, bars, tubes, etc.. 

Threads of caoutchouc not combined with other materials, or with a slight covering of unbleached and undyed cotton, linen, or woolen 

yarn, in such manner as to be recognizable without being stretched; caoutchouc in plates; dissolved caoutchouc. 

Common wares of soft caoulchouc, neither lacquered, dyed, nor printed; wares of hardened caoutchouc: all these wares even combined 

with other materials, provided that such wares are not classed in No. 20; caoutchouc threads covered with yarn.. 

Tare to No. 17 c: B. and C. 16, Bs. 13, Bl. 6. 

Fine wares of soft caoutchouc, lacquered, dyed, printed, or with impressed designs, even combined with other materials, provided that they 

are not classed in No. 20. 

Tare: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 6. 

Tissues of all kinds, covered or saturated with caoutchouc or with insertions of caoutchouc, or with gummed threads of caoutchouc; tissues 

of threads of caoutchouc combined with other textile materials; hosiery and trimmings combined with caoutchouc threads. 

Tare: C. 13, Bs. 9, Bl. 6. 

Notes to e. 

1. Caoutchouc print cloths for manufactories, and card leathers, artificial, for card factories, by special permission and under control.. 

2 Hempen hose, transmission belts, and carriage covers of coarse stuffs combined with caoutchouc. 

Tare: B. and C. 16, Bs. 13, Bl. 6. 


a. 


6 . 


c. 


d. 


Free. 



Dollars. 

3.00 

0.714 

1.00 

.238 

, 1.50 

.357 

6.00 

1.428 

5.00 

1.19 

10.00 

2.38 

5.00 

1.19 

30.00 

7.14 

10.00 

2.38 

24.00 

5.712 

40.00 

9.52 

100.00 

23.80 

30.00 

7.14 

30.00 

7.14 

40.00 

9.52 

20.00 

4.76 

14.00 

3.332 

30.00 

7.14 

20.00 

4.76 

Free. 


8.00 

1.904 

3 00 

.714 

3.00 

.714 

5.00 

1.19 

8.00 

1.904 

Free. 


36.00 

8.568 

18.00 

4.281 

6 p.C. 


10 p. C. 

...... 

150.00 

35.70 

Free. 



Free. 


3.00 

.714 

40.00 

9.52 

60.00 

14.28 

90.00 

21.42 

Free. 


24.00 

5.712 
























































3146 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


No. 18 .—Clothing and underlinen, made up; articles of fashion. 


a. Of silk or floss silk, combined or not with metallic threads; clothing, embroidered or trimmed with lace. 
Of half silk. 


c. Other not mentioned in letters d and e . 

Tare to No. 18 a, b, and c; C. 20, Bs. 11, Bl. 9. 

d. Of tissues coated or saturated with caoutchouc, or of tissues of caoutchouc threads combined with other textile materials. 

e. Underliuen, of linen or cotton. 

Tare to No. 18 d and e: C. 13, Bs. 9, Bl. 6. 

/. Hats: 

1. Silk, for men, trimmed or not... 

2. Felt, for men, trimmed or not. 

Tare to No. 18/, 1 and 2: C. 20, Bs. 11, Bl. 9. 

3. Ladies’ hats, trimmed.each.. 

Ladies’ hats of felt, trimmed (conventional duty).do_ 

4. Hats not specially mentioned, trimmed or not.do_ 

g. Artificial flowers, finished, of tissues or hosiery, combined or not with other materials; parts of artificial flowers, i. e., leaves, stalks, etc., not 

made up; lamp shades of flowers. 

Tare: C. 20, Bs. 11, Bl. 9. 

No. 19.— Copper and other common metals not specially mentioned, alloys of such metals, and manufactures thereof. 

a. Copper, crude, or scrap; copper or base coin. 

b. Hammered or rolled in bars, sheets, or plates; wire and telegraph cables. 

Aluminum, rolled (conventional duty). 

Telegraph cables (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 19 b: B. 13, Bs. 6, Bl. 4; for unplated brass sheets; C. 8; for unplated brass wire; C. above 50 kilograms, 9; B. above 50 
kilograms, 7. 

C. Sheets and wire, plated... 

Tare: B. 13, Bs. 6, Bl. 4. 
d. Wares, viz: 

1. Coppersmith’s coarse wares, of copper and brass, even combined with wood or iron, neither polished nor lacquered; tubes of sheet 

brass and wire gauze. 

2. Other, not comprised in No. 19 d 3, or not entering in No. 20 on account of their combination with other materials. 

3. Of aluminum and nickel; fine, particularly articles of luxury, of alfenide, Britannia metal, bronze, argentan, tombac,and other simi¬ 

lar alloys; wares of brass, fine, varnished, also combined with other materials, provided that none of such wares are comprised in 

No. 20. 

Tare to No. 19 d: B. 13, Bs. 6, Bl. 4. 

No. 20.— Fine, fancy, and small wares, watchmakers' wares, etc. 


a. Wares, composed wholly or in part of precious metals, fine pearls, coral, or precious stones; gold and silver leaf.. 

Gold, rolled, of a thickness of at least 1 millimeter (conventional duty).. 

Gold wire of at least 2 millimeters in diameter (conventional duty). 

Coral and pearls, threaded on string or thread to facilitate packing and forwarding (conventional duty).. 

Tare: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 9. 

b. 1. Wares composed wholly or in part of amber, celluloid, ivory, black or colored jet, lava, meerschaum, mother-of-pearl, and tortoiseshell; 

sets of teeth with pins and tubes of platinum or other precious metals. 

2. Wares of base metals, more or less gilt or silvered or plated with gold or silver: fine, fancy, and small wares (ornamental and toilet arti¬ 

cles for men and women, bric-a-brac, etc.), composed wholly or in part of aluminum; the same articles of other base metals, but of 
fine manufacture and more or less nickeled, or varnished, or combined with semiprecious or imitation fine stones, alabaster, enamel, 
with carving, vitrifications, cameos; ornamentations of cast metal, and the like. 

3. Table and other clocks, including ships’ chronometers; fans of all kinds; wares of wax, fine and embossed. 

Note to b 1: Pieces of ivory and mother-of-pearl, half prepared for the articles mentioned in No. 20 6 1. 

Note to 6 1 and 2: Ornamental articles for both sexes, of nonprecious metals, gilt or silvered, combined in large measure with 
glass, including imitation precious stones, imitation cameos, as well as articles for the same purpose, including toilet articles and 
bric-a-brac of base metals, more or less gilt or silvered, combined in a certain proportion with glass, including imitations of pre¬ 
cious stones and cameos (conventional duty).. 

Tare to No. 20 6 and to the notes thereto: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 9; for buttons of mother-of-pearl on cardboard, without other 
interior wrappers, even packed in packages of paper: C. 13; for pieces of mother-of-pearl, roughly shaped for the manufacture of 
the articles mentioned in No. 20 b 1: C. 13. 

c. 1. Imitation gold and silver leaf: 

2. Spectacles and opera glasses; imitation pearls; umbrellas and parasols; 

3. Manufactures not specially classed of tissues of cotton, linen, silk, wool, or other animal hair, combined with carving materials, vege¬ 

table or animal, common metals, glass, gutta-percha, caoutchouc, leather, leather cloth, paper, pasteboard, stones, straw, or faience; 


plain lamp shades. 

Tare: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 9. 
d. Watches, movements, and cases: 

1. Watches, with gold cases.each.. 

Conventional duty.do- 

2. Watches, with silver cases, even gilt, or with edges, rims, rings, and knobs gilt or plated; movements not fitted in the case.do_ 

Watches, with silver cases, even gilt, or with edges, rims, rings, or knobs gilt or plated (conventional duty).do_ 

Movements not fitted in the case (conventional duty).do_ 

3. Watches with cases of other metals.do_ 

Conventional duty.do_ 

4. Watch cases of gold, without movements.do_ 

Conventional duty .do_ 

5. Other watch cases, without movements.do_ 

Conventional duty.do_ 


No. 21.— Leather, and manufactures of leather. 

a. Leather of all kinds, with the exception of that mentioned in letter 6, not dyed; dyed Russian leather; parchment; boot legs. 

b. Sole leather; Brussels and -Danish leather for gloves; cordovan and morocco leather; dyed leather, with the exception of that mentioned in 

letter a; patent leather. 

Sole leather; Brussels and Danish leather for gloves (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 21, a and b; B. and C. 16, Bs. 13, Bl. 6. 

Note to 6; sheep and goat skins, half dressed or dressed, neither dyed nor otherwise prepared.. 

Goat skins, half dressed or dressed, neither dyed nor otherwise prepared (conventional duty) . 

c. Shoemakers, saddlers, and trunkmakers’ wares, coarse; other wares of undyed or merely blackened tanned leather, or of raw hides, all these 

wares combined or not with other materials, but not classed in No. 20.. 

Transmission belts of leather (conventional duty).. 

Tare to No. 21 c; B. and C. 16, Bs. 13, Bl. 6. 

d. Fine wares of cordovan, morocco, Brussels or Danish leather, of chamois, of tawed, dyed, and patent leather, also of parchment, combined 

or not with other materials, such wares not coming under No. 20; fine boots and shoes of all kinds.. 

Conventional duty.. 

Note to c and d: Coarse shoemakers or trunkmakers’ wares of gray packing cloth, sailcloth, unbleached cloth, unbleached canvas 
or ticking, or of common oilcloth, not printed, are dutiable as coarse wares of leather; the same wares of fine oilcloth, or of waxed 
muslin or taffetas, etc., are dutiable as fine wares of leather. 

e. Gloves. 

Tare to No. 21 d and e; B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 6. 


Marks. 

United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 

1,200.00 

Dollars. 

285.60 

675.00 

160.65 

300.00 

. 71.40 

130.00 

30.94 

150.00 

35.70 

300.00 

71.40 

180.00 

42.84 

1.00 

.238 

.80 

.19 

.20 

.047 

900.00 

214.20 

Free. 


12.00 

2.856 

9.00 

2.142 

8.00 

1.904 

28.00 

6.664 

18.00 

4.284 

30.00 

7.14 

60.00 

14.28 

600.00 

142.80 

100.00 

23. SO 

100.00 

23.80 

60.00 

14.28 

200.00 

47.60 

175.00 

41.65 

200.00 

47.60 

30.00 

7.14 

100.00 

23.80 

120.00 

28.56 

3.00 

.714 

.80 

.19 

1.50 

.357 

.60 

.142 

.40 

.095 

.50 

.119 

.40 

.095 

1.50 

.357 

.40 

.095 

.50 

.119 

.40 

.095 

18.00 

4.284 

36.00 

8.568 

30.00 

7.14 

3.00 

.714 

1.00 

.238 

50.00 

11.90 

45.00 

10.71 

70.00 

16.66 

65.00 

15.47 

100.00 

23.80 





























































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3147 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


DUTY. 


larks. 

United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 


Dollars. 

5.00 

1.19 

4.00 

.952 

6.00 

1.428 

5.00 

1.19 

9.00 

2.142 

12.00 

2.856 

Free. 


12.00 

2.856 

15.00 

3.57 

20.00 

4.76 

36.00 

8.568 

70.0Q 

16.66 

60.00 

14.28 

10.00 

2.38 

24.00 

5.712 

12.00 

2.856 

10.00 

2.38 

24.00 

5.712 

36.00 

8.568 

60.00 

14.28 

60.00 

14.28 

120.00 

28.56 

150.00 

35.70 

60.00 

14.28 

100.00 

23.80 

150.00 

35.70 

800.00 

190.40 

600.00 

142.80 

18.00 

4.284 

FYee. 


Free. 


4.00 

.952 

180.00 

42.84 

125.00 

29.75 

ISO. 00 

42.84 

65.00 

15.47 

3.00 

.714 

8.00 

1.904 

48.00 

11.424 

24.00 

5.712 

20.00 

4.76 

10.00 

2.38 

10.00 

2.3S 

80.00 

19.04 

4S.00 

11.424 

20.00 

4.76 

16.00 

3.808 

Free. 


20.00 

4.76 

17. CO 

4.046 

15.00 

3.57 

Free. 



No. 22.— Linen yarn, tissues and other manufactures of flax, including yarn, tissues, hosiery of flax or other vegetable textile materials, with the exception 

of cotton. 

a. Yarn, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached; also the same yam, twisted, of jute or manila hemp; 

1. Up to No. S English . 


Yam of jute, single and twisted, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached, up to No. 8 English (conventional duty). 
2. Above No. 8 up to No. 20 English 


Yarn of jute, single and twisted, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached, above No. 8 up to No. 20 English (conventional duty).. 

3. Above No. 20 up to No. 35 English.. 

4. Above No. 35 English. 

Tare to No. 22 a 3 and 4; C. 13, Bl. 2. 

Note to a: Coir (fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut), twisted, in hanks, for the manufacture of covers and similar articles, on 
special permission and under control. 

b. Yam, dyed, printed, and bleached, and similar yam twisted, of jute or manila hemp: 

1. Up to No. 20 English. 

2. Above No. 20 up to No. 35 English. 

3. Above No. 35 English. 

Tare to No. 22 b: C. 13, Bl. 2. 

c. Sewing thread, prepared for retail sale; twisted thread, not comprised in letters a, 6 , and d . 

d. Sewing thread, twisted, prepared for retail sale. 

Conventional duty . 

Tare to No. 22 c and d: C. 13, Bl. 6 . 

e. Cordage: 

1. Ropes, cables, and cords, even bleached or tarred. 

2. Ropemakers’ wares of all kinds, with the exception of those mentioned in el. 

Tare to No.22 e: C. 13, Bs. 9, Bl. 1. 

/. Tissues of linen, tickings, and drills, neither dyed,printed,nor bleached: 

1. Having in the warp and woof, per 4 square centimeters, up to 40 threads; carpets of manila hemp, coir, jute, or similar fibers, not dyed. 

Packing cloth of jute or manila hemp, as well as of similar fibers (with the exception of flax), neither dyed, printed, nor bleached, 
having in the warp and woof, per 4 square centimeters, up to 40 threads (conventional duty).'.. 

2. Having in the warp and woof, per 4 square centimeters, from 41 to 80 threads; carpets of manila” hemp, coir, jute, and other similar 

liber', dyed. 

3. Having in the warp and woof, per 4 square centimeters, from 81 to 120 threads. 

4. Having in the warp and woof, per 4 square centimeters, above 120 threads.. 

Tare to No. 22/: C. 13, Bl. 2. 

g. Tissues of linen, tickings,and drills, dyed,printed,or bleached; also woven with dyed, printed, or bleached yam: 

Having in the warp and woof, per 4 square centimeters— 

1. Up to 120 threads.. 

2. Above 120 threads.. 

3. Damask of all kinds.. 

Note to/and g: Table and bed linen; also towels made up of tissues not comprised in g 2 and 3; also blouses of the same 

tissues. 

Tare to No. 22 <7 and to the note to No. 22/and g: C. 13, Bs. 9, Bl. 6 . 

h. Ribbons, tapes, fringes, gauze, edgings, laces, hosiery; braids and other articles mixed with metal threads. 

i. Embroidery. 

Tare to No. 22 h and i: C. 18, Bs. 13, Bl. 6 . 

k. Thread lace. 

Conventional dutv. 

Tare: C. 23, Bl. 11. 


Tare: C. 16. 


No. 23.— Candles . 

No. 24.—Warts of aid and literature. 


a. Manuscripts and documents; books in all languages; engravings and prints (wood, copper, etc.); lithographs and photographs; geograph¬ 

ical maps and charts; music. 

b. Paintings and drawings; statues of marble and other stones; statues of metal, not smaller than life-size; medals. 


No. 25.— Colonial produce, spices, confectionery, and other comestibles. 

a. Beer of all kinds, and mead. 

b. Brandies of all kinds, arrack, rum, French brandy, and mixed brandies, in casks and bottles: 

1. Liqueurs. 

Tare: D. 11; in bottles; C. 24, Bs. 16. 

2. All other brandies: 

a. In casks. 

Tare: D. 11. 

p. In bottle?, jars, or other recipients.. 

Tare: C. 24, Bs. 16. 

c. Barm of all kinds, with the exception of wine yeast. 

Tare: C. 24, D. 11, Bs. 7, for pressed yeast; C. 15, B. 9. 

Note to c: Liquid beer yeast imported into Germany across the Austro-Bavarian frontier from Oberneuhaus to Melleck, across 
the Saxo-Bohemian frontier on the left shore of the Elbe, across the frontier separating Switzerland and Baden, near Oeliningen 
and Hori, for the personal need of the inhabitants of these districts and in quantities not exceeding 15 kiiograms per shipment.. 

d. 1. Vinegar of all kinds, in casks. 

2. Vinegar in bottles and jars. 

Tare to No. 25. d 2: C. 24, Bs. 16. 

e. Wine and must, cider, artificially prepared beverages not mentioned in another number of the tariff: 

1 . In casks. 

Wine and must, in casks (conventional duty).. 

Red wine and must of red wine, for blending, under control, in casks and tank wagons, etc. (conventional duty).. 

Wine for the manufacture of cognac, under control (conventional duty)... 

Tare to No. 25 e 1: D. 11. 

2. In bottles— 

a. Sparkling wines. 

Tare: 0. 24, Bs. of a gross weight of 40 kilograms or less, 15. 

Tare: C. 24, Bs. of a gross weight of 40 kilograms or more, 11. 

p. Other. 

Tare: C. 24, Bs. 16. 

/. Butter, natural and artificial (margarine, and all imitations of butter, the fatty portion of which is not exclusively obtained from milk)_ 

Conventional duty. 

Tare: Pots 16, tubs of hard wood and B. 13, tubs of whitewood 11, Bs. 7. For Finnish butter (imported by sea): Tubs of whitewood, 
if they are stronger than the ordinary tubs for butter, 15. 

Note to/: Pats of butter not weighing more than 2 kilograms, not imported by post, destined to be consumed by the inhabitants 

of frontier districts, with the right of suspension or local restriction of this favor in the event of abuse. 

g. 1. Meat, fresh or prepared, extracts of meat and tablets for broth. 

Pork, fresh or prepared, with the exception of bacon (conventional duty). 

Butcher’s meat, fresh, with the exception of pork (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 25 g 1: B. and C., cases of white and less than 45 kilograms, 14; of 45 kilograms or more, 18; Bs. 6 , Bl. 3. For extracts 
of meat B. and C., 31; for smoked bacon, C. 11; for salt bacon, not smoked, C. 12. 

Note to g 1: Fresh or prepared meat, cut in joints or pieces, in a quantity not exceeding 2 kilograms in weight, imported other¬ 
wise than by post for the consumption of the inhabitants of frontier districts, with the right of suspension or local restriction 
of this favor in the event of abuse. 


No. 8- 


-9 




































































3148 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


g. 2. Fish— 


No. 25 .—Colonial produce, spices, confectionery, and other comestibles— Continued. 


a. Fresh. 

p. Salted (with the exception of herrings), imported in barrels; dried, smoked, broiled, or boiled. 

y. Preserved in vinegar, oil, or marinated, imported in barrels.. 

Tare to No. 25, g 2, y. B. 20. 

5. Prepared, other; fish of all kinds, in hermetically closed recipients. 

Tare to No. 25, g 2, 8: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 6 . For fish of all kinds in hermetically closed tins, C. 17. 

3. Poultry and game, of all'kinds, dead. 

Poultry of all kinds, dead (conventional duty). 

Game of all kinds, dead (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 25, g 3: B. and C. 16, Bs. 9, Bl. 3. 

h. Southern fruits: 

1. Oranges, citrons, lemons, bitter oranges, pomegranates, and analogous fruits, fresh. 

Tare: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 6 , for oranges, citrons, lemons, and bitter oranges, fresh, C. 18. 

Oranges, citrons, lemons, bitter oranges, pomegranates, dates, and almonds, fresh (conventional duty). 

Note to h 1: Should the importer request that the fruit be counted, the duty on the same will be *2 marks per 100. Damaged fruit 
will be exempt from duty when thrown away in the presence of the customs officers. 

2. Figs, raisins, and currants. 

Figs, raisins, and currants (conventional duty). 

3. Dates, almonds, bitter oranges, and analogous fruits, dried... 

Dates, almonds, bitter oranges, pomegranates, dried (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 25, h 2 and 3: C. 12; B. and Bs., less than 300 kilograms, 17; B. and C., of 300 kilograms and above, 14; Bl., 6 ; light pack¬ 
ages of packing cloth, 1; for currants: C'., of 10 kilograms and less, 13. 

supplementary tare for certain dutiable on net weight: Small bales or sacks, 2; small wooden and cardboard boxes, and small 
baskets, 10 . 

i. Spices of all kinds, not specially mentioned. 

Capsicums, paprika (conventional duty) . 

Tare to No. 25 i, on condition that the spices are not dutiable at 4 marks: C. 18, B. 9, Bs. 13, Bl. 4. 

Note to i: Spices for the manufacture of essential oils, as well as nutmegs for the manufacture of nutmeg butter (ol. nucista; expr.) 
on permission and under control. 

k. Salt herrings.barrel.. 

Notes to k: 

1. Salt herrings packed in a manner other than that employed in commerce are dutiable at 2 marks per 100 kilograms. 

2. Salt herrings to be used as manure after denaturalization. 

l. Honey, even artificial. 

Tare for honey in combs: Hives 20, C., 20, Bs. 13, tubs 11. For compressed honey in combs (raw honey): B. 10. For liquid honey 
(in bottles, boxes, etc.): C. 20, Bs. 13. For liquid honey in tins: C. 9. 

m. 1. Coffee, in the bean, raw, and its substitutes (with the exception of chicory). 

Tare: C. of less than 200 kilograms 17, C. of 200 kilograms and above 12, B. with staves of oak or other hard wood 2, other B. 8 , 
Bs. 9, Bl. 2; light packages of packing cloth, 1. For coffee, raw: C. of whitewood of less than 200 kilograms 16, D. of light con¬ 
struction and of a special shape, so-called patent barrels, manufactured wholly or in part of hard wood 8 , S. 1.5, light packages of 
packing cloth 0.75. 

2. Coffee, roasted. 

Tare: B. and C. 20, Bs. 13, Bl. 6 . 

3. Cocoa, in the bean— 


a. Raw.. 

p. Roasted.. 

4. Cocoa husks.. 

5. Cocoa oil, liquid or solid (cocoa butter).. 

Tare to No. 25, m 3 and 4: B., with staves of oak or other hard wood, and C. 13; other B. 10, Bs. 9, Bl. 3. For cocoa in the bean: 
S. 1 , light packages of packing cloth 1 . 

n. Caviar and its substitutes.. 

Tare: B., with wooden hoops of 5 kilograms and less, 15; other B. and C. 16, Bs. 13, Bl. 6 . 

o. Cheese cf all kinds.. 

Hard cheese, of a millstone shape, weighing at least 50 kilograms each, stracchino, gorgonzola, and parmesan cheeses (co iventional 

duty). 

Tare to No. 25, o: C., of 50 kilograms and above, 15; C., of less than 50 kilograms, 16; B. 11; tubs, of 100 kilograms and less, 13; tubs, 
from 100 to 250 kilograms, inclusive, 8 ; heavier tubs 6 , Bs. 8 , Bl. 6 . 

ji. 1. Preserves, sweetmeats, and cakes of all kinds; fruits, spices, vegetables, and other alimentary substances (such as mushrooms, truffles, 
poultry, shellfish, Crustacea, and the like), preserved in sugar, vinegar, oil, or otherwise, especially those in bottles and tins, etc.; pre¬ 
pared mustard, olives, capers, pastry, sauces, and other similar fine aliments. 

Alimentary flour for infants (Nestle’s, etc.) (conventional duty). 

Oiives (conventional duty). 

Gherkins preserved in vinegar or brine (known as “ Znaimer Gurken”) with the addition of the spices mentioned in No. 25 i, or with the 

addition of a small quantity of other vegetables, in barrels, jars, pots and bocals (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 25, p 1, provided that the articles are not subject to the duty of 4 marks: B. and C. 13, Bs. 13, Bl. 6 . For candied 
peel: C. 14, small boxes of beech 13; the same boxes covered with packing cloth, 15. For alimentary flour for infants: C., 17. 
Oysters and lobsters, preserved in tins, etc., 13. 

2. Fruits, seeds, berries, leaves, flowers, mushrooms, and vegetables, dried, roasted, ground, boiled down, or salted, when not included in 

any other number of the tariff; juice of fruits, berries, and of turnips, and similar roots, preserved without sugar for the purpose of 
alimentation; peels of southern fruit, fresh or dried; green bitter oranges, even preserved in brine; nuts, chestnuts, carob beans, pine¬ 
apple kernels, dried; chicory, roasted or ground. 

Nuts, dried; chestnuts, ripe, and pineapple kernels (conventional duty). 

Lemon and orange peel and peel of other southern fruits, fresh or dried; carob beans, even ground (conventional duty). 

Green bitter oranges, even in brine (conventional duty). 

3. Cocoa, in the mass, in powder, and chocolate and substitutes for chocolate. 

Tare to No. 25, p 3: C., of hard wood and B., 20; C., of soft wood, 14; Bs., 13, Bl., 6 . For ground or powdered cocoa: B., of hard 
wood, 14; B., of soft wood, 10. 

q. 1, a. Starch, powder, fecula, dextrin, gluten, arrowroot, sago and and its substitutes, and tapioca. 

Tare: C. 14, B. 9. 

p. Vermicelli and macaroni.. 

Tare: C. 14. 

2, Mill products of grain and pulse, to wit, hulled or pearled grain, pearled barley, groats, grits, and flour; bakers’ common products.. 

Conventional duty.... 

Tare: B., C., and Bs., 13; Bl., 6 . Flour of cereals, S., 1. 

Note to q 2: In quantities not exceeding 3 kilograms for inhabitants of the frontier districts, with the right of suppression or 


local restriction in the event of abuse. 

r. 1. Mussels, and other sea shellfish, with the exception of those mentioned in r 2.gross weight.. 

2. Oysters, lobsters, and turtles.cto_ 

s. Rice", husked or not. 


t. Salt (rock or sea, kitchen salt), as well as all substances suitable for the manufacture of salt. 

Note to t: Salt imported by sea.. 

Tare to No. 25 t and to the note thereto: S. 1, light packages of packing cloth 0.5. 


Marks. 

United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 

Free. 

Dollars. 

3.00 

0. 714 

12.00 

2.856 

60.00 

14.28 

30.00 

7.11 

12.00 

2.856 

20.00 

4.76 

12.00 

2.856 

4.00 

.952 

21.00 

5.712 

8.00 

1.904 

39.00 

7.14 

10.00 

2.38 

50.00 

11.90 

4.00 

.952 

Free. 


3.00 

.714 

Free, i_ 

54.00 


40.00 

9.52 

50.00 

11.90 

35.00 

8.33 

45.00 

10. 71 

12.00 

2.856 

45.00 

10.71 

150.00 

35.70 

20.00 

4.76 

15.00 

8.57 

60.00 

14.28 

50.00 

11.90 

30.00 

7.14 

4.00 

.952 

4.00 

.952 

3.00 

.714 

1.00 

.238 

2.00 

.476 

80.00 

19.04 

12.50 

2.975 

13.50 

3.213 

10.50 

2.49 

7.30 

1.737 

Free. 


24.00 

5.712 

50.00 

11.90 

4.00 

.952 

12.80 

3.046 

12.00 

2.856 



































































1902.J 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3149 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


articles. 


No. 25.— Colonial produce, spices, confectionery, and other comestibles —Continued. 

«. Simps. See No. 25 x. 

v. Tobacco: 

1. Tobacco leaves, not manufactured, tobacco stalks and juices.. 

Tare for unmanufactured tobacco leaves and stalks: C., of 175 kilograms and less, 25; C., exceeding 175 kilograms, 22; B., of 600 
kilograms and less, 12; B., exceeding 600 up to 700 kilograms, 9: Bs., of osiers, 18; Bs., of osiers and covered with canvas, 22; Bs., of 
osiers, without lid and covered with canvas. 21; Bs., of plaited reeds, lined with leaves, Listened with bast cord, 10 , packages of 
animal hides, 8 ; packages of bark or large palm leaves, secured by bast cord, even covered with packing cloth, 13; packages of 
plaited reeds, lined with bark or palm leaves, heavy, secured with hempen ropes, even with a covering of canvas, 12 ; packages 
of plaited reeds, secured with rope, covered with thick jute tissue or with double canvas. 7; packages of plaited, thick bast, secured 
with rope, covered with jute tissue or light canvas, 7; packages of double-plaited reeds, sewn with thread, secured with rope, 5; 
packages of reed mats, secured with bast rope, even covered with canvas, 5; packages of canvas or jute, lined with fine bast or palm 
leaves, 5; packages of plaited reeds or horsehair, sometimes combined with canvas, 5; packages of fine plaited bast, lined with thin 
bast matting or fine matting of reeds, secured with rattans, such packages weighing 100 kilograms and less, 5; weighing more than 
100 kilograms, 4: packages of fine plaited hard bast or fine rattan or of matting of the same or heavier materials, 3; packages of light 
matting, 2 ; single packages of heavy packing cloth, 2 ; single packages of light packing cloth, 1 . 

2. Manufactured tobacco— 

a. Cigars and cigarettes. 

/3. Other. 

Tare to No. 25 v 2: B , 16; Bs., 13; hampers, 12; Bl., 6 ; animal hides (for seasoned tobacco leaves), 8 . 

Additional tare for cigars and cigarettes: C. small, 24; Bs. small, or cardboard boxes, 12. 

w. Tea: 

Common wooden cases, not lined with tin foil, of a gross weight of— 

20 kilograms (44 pounds) or less.. 

Exceeding 20 ana up to 30 kilograms (66 pounds), inclusive. 

Exceeding 30 kilograms. 

Tare: C., 24. 

Note to w: Tea for the manufacture of theine, denaturalized by the administration, under control and by special permission. 

a. Sugar: 

Tare for sirup and molasses: B., 11; for loaf sugar, candy, and lump sugar: B.. with staves of oak or other hardwood, 14; B.. other, 10, 
but only 8 for loaf sugar and 7 for candy; C.. 13, but only 9 for candy; Bs., 7. For raw, powdered, or crushed sugar: B., with staves of 
oak or other hard wood, 13; B., other, 10; C., 13; non-European plated reed packages (canisters, kranjans), 8 ; Bs., other, 7; Bl., 2; single 
packages of light canvas, 50. 


United 


Marks. 


States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 


Dollars. 


85.00 


20.23 


270.00 64.26 

180.00 42.8-4 


100.00 

21.00 

19.00 


23.80 

5.00 

4.52 


Free. 


No. 26.— Oils, not elsewhere mentioned, and greases. 

a. Oil of all kinds, in bottles and jars. 

Olive oil (table oil), in bottles and jars (conventional duty). 

Tare: C., 20; Bs., 16. 

b. Alimentary oils, such as olive, poppy, sesame, earthnut, beechnut, and sunflower seed oil, in casks.. 

Olive oil (table oil), in casks (conventional duty).. 

Earthnut oil, in casks, denaturalized by the administration (conventional duty). 

Cotton-seed oil, in casks, denaturalized by the administration. 

c. Linseed oil, in casks; oleic acid (olein). 

Oleic acid (conventional duty).. 

d. Olive and castor oil, in casks, denaturalized by the administration. 

Olive oil, in casks, denaturalized by the administration (conventional duty).. 

e. Palm and cocoanut oil, and other vegetable tallow. 

f. Oil, other, in casks. 

Castor oil, in casks or in tin recipients of at least 15 kilograms (conventional duty). 

Tare for cocoa oil (cocoa butter), and nutmeg oil (nutmeg butter), in solid form (cakes, tablets, etc.): C., 16; Bs., 9; BL, 2. 

g. Residues, solid, from the manufacture of oils, even ground. 

h. Lard and goose grease, and other fatty substances, melted, such as oleomargarine, economic grease (sparfett), a mixture of tallow-like 

greases and oil), beef marrow. 

Tare for lard and goose grease: B., of more than 150 kilograms, 16; B., of 150 kilograms and less, 12; C., tubs and buckets. 12: for other 
melted greases: B. and C., 17. Barrels of oak, with at least 2 iron hoops and 12 wooden hoops, of a gross weight of 180 kilograms and 
more. . . 

Note to h: Lard and melted greases for the manufacture of soap or candles, with permission and under control. 

i. Stearic and palmetic acid, paraffin, spermaceti, and other similar substances not elsewhere mentioned, for the manufacture of candles. 

Tare: B. and C., 13; paraffin in C., 9. 

k. Blubber and train oil. 

I Tallow, beef and mutton, bone fats, and other animal greases not elsewhere mentioned.. 

in. Beeswax, including other insect wax; vegetable wax (of palms, palm leaves, etc.); mineral wax, refined. 

Mineral wax, refined (conventional duty). 

Tare to No. 26 m: B. and C., 3; S., 1. 


No. 27 .—Paper and pasteboard. 


a. Unbleached or bleached half manufactured paste of rags .- - - .-------. 

b Half manufactured paste, bleached or not, for paper making, of wood, straw, esparto, or other fibers, gray blotting paper, rough yellow straw 
paper, pasteboard, with the exception of card leather and glazed pasteboard, slate paper and tablets made thereof, not combined with 
other materials, polishing and emory paper, fly paper, and antirheumatic paper. 

c. Packing paper not included in letters b and d, unsized. 

Conventional duty.. 

d. Sized packing paper, card leather, and glazed pasteboard, and press boards.. 

Sized packing paper (conventional duty). . .- - -.-..- - ---- 

e. Printing, writing, blotting, and tissue paper of all kinds; lithographed, printed, or ruled paper for accounts, labels, waybills, etc., gilt and 

silvered paper, paper with gilt or silvered patterns, perforated paper as well as bands of such papers, artists’ cardboard .... 

Printing writing blotting, and tissue paper of all kinds, and printed paper for accounts, labels, waybills, etc. (conventional duty)- 

Tare to No. 27 e, provided that the goods be subject to a duty of 10 marks: C., 14: Bs., 13; Bl., 8 . For printing paper, in bales with 
wooden frames at the ends and pasteboard on the sides, secured with rope, 7; in bales with wooden laths or frames at the ends, and 
with mattng cloth, pasteboard, or pasteboard combined with cloth, even waxed, on the sides, secured with iron hoops or wire, 7; in 
bales with wooden laths at the ends and pasteboards on the sides, secured with rope, 4. For other kinds of paper, bales with wooden 
frames or laths at the ends and cloth, pasteboard, packing paper, or pasteboard combined with cloth, even waxed, on the sides, 
secured with iron hoops, wire, or rope, 6 . . ... . . , . ... . , . . , , 

/ 1 Molded wares of carton pierre, asphalt, or similar materials, combined or not with wood or iron, but neither painted nor varnished 
2. IV a res of paper, pasteboard, or papier-mach<§; molded wares of carton pierre, asphalt, or similar materials, not comprised in /I or/ 3- 


Tare to No. 27/2: C., 16; Bs., 13; Bl., 6. _ „ .. .. . .. „ . m 

Wares manufactured with the above-mentioned materials in combination with other materials, provided they are not classed in No. 20; 


paper hangings.. , , , , , . . 

Paper hangings, neither gilt, silvered, bronzed, embossed, nor velvety (conventional duty). 
Tare to No. 27/3: C., 16; Bs., 13; Bl., 6 . For paper hangings: C., 25; Bl., 4. 

No. 28.— Peltries. 


a. Fur coats, caps, and gloves, lined coverings, linings and trimmings of fur, etc. 

b. Sheepskin^made up, not covered with stuffs, the same skins and skins of the Angora goat, bleached or dyed, not lined; covers, not lined; 

linings and trimmings of fur, not lined. 


20.00 

4.76 

10.00 

2.38 

10.00 

2.38 

3.00 

.714 

6.00 

1.428 

4.00 

.952 

4.00 

. 952 

3.00 

.714 

2.00 

.476 

Free. 


2.00 

.476 

9.00 

2.142 

2.00 

.476 

Free. 


10.00 

2.38 

2.00 

.476 

10.00 

2.38 

3.00 

.714 

2.00 

.476 

15.00 

3.57 

10.00 

2.38 

Free. 


1.00 

.238 

4.00 

.952 

3.00 

.714 

6.00 

1.428 

3.00 

.714 

10.00 

2.3S 

6.00 

1.428 

4.00 

.952 

12.00 

2.856 

24.00 

5.712 

18.00 

4.284 

150.00 

35.70 

6.00 

1.428 

























































3150 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


Marks. 


United 

States 

equiva¬ 


lent. 


No. 29 —Petroleum. 


a. Petroleum, and other mineral oils not elsewhere mentioned, crude or refined, not including mineral oils for the purpose of lubrication- 

b. Mineral oils for the purpose of lubrication.. 

Tare to No. 29 b: C.,24; Bs., 16. 

Notes: 

1. The Bundesrath is authorized to admit free of duty, nnder control, mineral oils intended for industrial purposes other than the 
manufacture of lubricating or lighting oil. 

2. The Bundesrath is authorized to allow the payment of import duty on petroleum to he effected according to the number of 
barrels, after taking the maximum weight of the ordinary barrels employed in commerce. 

3. The Bundesrath is authorized to admit free of duty, under control, mineral oil intended to he cleaned, refined, or distilled in 
national factories, so that the produce obtained therefrom, such as benzine, ligroin, and petroleum ether, remain free of duty, on 
condition that they can not be employed for lighting or lubrication, under control and by special permission, and on condition, 
further, that all other products shall be dutiable as foreign products. 


Dollars. 
6.00 1.428 

10.00 2.38 


No. 30 .—Silk and silk goods. 


a. Cocoons; raw or spun silk; floss silk, combed, spun, or twisted; all these silks not dyed; and waste of dyed silk... 

Note: White (undyed) artificial silk is admitted duty free. 

b. Silk wadding... 

Tare: B. and C., 16; Bl., 9 

c. Silk and floss silk, dyed; laces. 

Combed wastes of dyed silk (peign 6 es) (coventional duty). 

Tare: B. and C., 16: Bl., 9; for silk and floss silk, dyed, Bl., 5. 

d. Thread of raw silk, twisted (for sewing, for buttonholes, etc), dyed or not. 

Conventional duty. 

Tare: B. and C.. 16; Bl., 9. 

c. 1. Goods of silk or floss silk, even combined with metallic threads; goods of silk combined with other textile materials and metallic threads. 

Goods of silk or floss silk (conventional duty). 

2. Lace, blonde, and embroidery, wholly or in part of silk. 

3. Gauze, crape, entirely or partly of silk.... 

Ribbons of open tissues— ’ 

Of silk (conventional duty). 

(if half silk (conventional duty). 

Silk bolting cloth (conventional duty). 

Note to e 1: Tulle of silk, raw or dyed, not figured. 

Tare to No. 30 c, as well to the note: C.,22; Bl., 13. 

/. All articles of silk or floss silk not comprised in letter e, combined with cotton, linen, wool, or other animal or vegetable textile materials_ 

Tare: C., 20; Bl.,11. 

Notes: 

1. Very coarse tissues of unbleached silk waste, having the appearance of gray packing cloth and used as press cloths or dusters, 
even mixed with other textile materials or with a few dyed threads. 

Tare: C., 13; Bs., 9: Bl., 6 . 

2. Silk spun into yarns of other stuffs without forming the outer part of the thread or without passing uninterruptedly through the 
whole length of the threads of the tissue shall not, in levying the duty on such tissue, be taken into account. 

No. 31 .—Soap and perf umery. 

a. Soft soap.. 

b. Soap, not classed in letter c ... 

Tare to No. 31 b: C., 13; Bl., 6 ; for soap and bars in cakes, C., 11. 

c. Soap, in small cakes, balls, pots, etc., perfumed soap of all kinds. 

d. Perfumed greases and oils, scented waters not containing alcohol, which with the packages directly containing the goods weigh at least 10 

kilograms. 

e. 1. Perfumery liquid, containing alcohol or ether, including waters for the hair, mouth, or teeth, containing alcohol or ether. 

2. All other perfumery.. 

Tare No. 31 c, d, and e: C., 16. 


No. 32 .—Playing cards (in addition to excise duty) ..gross weight.. 

No. 33 .—Stones and manufactures of stone. 

a. Stones, rough, or only hewn, even ground. 

Note to a: Blocks which show traces of having been worked with the saw on three sides only are included in stones, rough or simply 
hewn. 

b. Millstones, even with iron hoops; flint, hewn or cut; grindstones and whetstones of all kinds. 

Millstones, even with iron hoops (conventional duty). 

c. Slate, in tables, rough. 

d. Blocks, sawn; coarse stonecutters’ ware (such as door and window sills, moldings, columns, etc.), simply hewn, without ornamentation, 

with the exception of coarse wares of marble and alabaster, to which the Belgian granite (Ccaussines petit granit) does not belong. 

Note tod: Sawn blocks and coarse stonecutters’ wares comprised in letter d, imported by sea. 

e. Roofing slates and slabs of slate, rough. 

Roofing slate (conventional duty)... 

Note to e: Roofing slates and slate in slab, rough, imported by sea. 

f. Slabs of stone of all kinds, sawn or split, not polished; stonecutters’ wares not included in letter d, not polished. 

Conventional duty.-. 

Note toe and/: Slabs exceeding 16 centimeters in thickness are considered as blocks. 

g. Precious stones, also imitation precious stones, and coral, cut; pearls; all these articles not set; worked demiprecious stones, and goods made 

therefrom not included in No. 20.,.... 

Strass, polished, cut, not set (conventional duty).. 

Coral, worked, not set (conventional duty).....*. 

Tare to No. 33 g: B. and C., 16. 

h. Other wares of stone, with the exception of statues and wares of precious stones and lava: 

1. Not combined w’ith other materials, or only combined with wood or iron, but neither polished nor lacquered— 

a. Of alabaster, marble, granite, syenite, porphyry, or other similar hard stones... 

Conventional duty... 

Tare to No. 33 h li: C., 16; B„ 10. 

(3. Of other stones; slates in wooden frames, polished or varnished....... 

2. Combined with other materials, provided that they are not included in No. 20. 

Tare to No. 33 h 2: B. and C., 16. 

No. 34.— Coal, lignite, coke, turf, turf coal .,.... 


No. 35.— Straw and bast wares. 

a. Common wares: 

1 . Mats and matting of bast, straw, reeds, grass, roots, rushes, etc., dyed or not common... 

2. Other common wares of reeds, grass, roots, rushes, etc., baskets, not lined; covers for bottles and shoes of bast, straw, or palm leaves, 

common; cordage of bast or straw; straw seats; all these wares not painted. 

Tare to No. 35 a 2: C., 20; Bs., 13; Bl., 9. 

b. Straw bends______________ 

Conventional duty „.......„.... 


Eree. 


24.00 

5.712 

36.00 

Free. 

8.568 

200.00 

47.60 

140.00 

33.32 

800.00 

190.40 

600.00 

142.80 

600.00 

142.80 

1 , 000.00 

238.00 

SOO.OO 

190.40 

450.00 

107.10 

600.00 

142.80 

200.00 

47.00 

450.00 

107.10 

10.00 

2.38 

5.00 

1.19 

10.00 

2.38 

30.00 

7.14 

20.00 

4.76 

300.00 

71.40 

100.00 

23.80 

60.00 

14.28 

Free. 


.25 

.059 

Free. 


.50 

.119 

1.00 

Free. 

.238 

1.50 

.357 

.50 

.119 

.50 

.119 

3.00 

.714 

2.50 

.595 

60.00 

14.28 

20.00 

4.76 

30.00 

7.14 

15.00 

3.57 

10.00 

2.38 

6.00 

1.428 

24.00 

5.712 

Free. 


3.00 

.714 

10.00 

2.38 

18.00 

4.284 

10.00 

2.38 




























































1902.] 


MODERX TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3151 


German Import Duties— Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


No. 35.— Straw and bast wares—Continued. 

c .Fine •wares, and all wares not; included in a, b, and d, made of bast, straw, reeds, etc., even combined with other materials, provided that 

they are not included in No. 20. 

Tare to No. 35b and c: C., 20; Bl., 9. 

d. Hats of straw, cane, bast, reeds, whalebone, palm leaves, and shavings; 


1. Not trimmed...........each.. 

Of straw (conventional duty)..........do_ 

2. Trimmed.do_ 


Note to d: Hats of plaited horsehair or hemp, sparterie, or of so-called cotton sparterie combined with straw, are dutiable as , 
straw hats. 

e. Sparterie of all kinds... 

Tare: B. and C., 20; Bs., 13; Bl., 9. 


No. 36.— Tar, pitch, resins af all hinds, asphalt 


No. 37 .—Animals and animal products not elsewhere mentioned. 

a. Live animals and animal products not elsewhere mentioned; beehives with live bees. 

b. Eggs. 

Conventional duty. 


No. 38.— Earthenware. 

a. Common bricks; common burnt bricks, for pavements; ordinary roof tiles; pipes, not fireproof; and pottery dishes, not glazed. 

b. Fireproof bricks. 

f. Grooved roofing tiles; roofing tiles and bricks, glazed: paving tiles; architectural ornaments, even of terra cotta; pipes, glazed; slabs, jars, 

and other pottery of common stoneware; common tiles for stoves; clay tobacco pipes; glazed pottery..j 

Tiles and bricks, glazed: paving tiles of one color, not glazed (conventional duty). 

d. Crucibles, muffles, capsules, retorts, fireproof pipes, and slabs. 

Crucibles, muffles, capsules, retorts, fireproof pipes and slabs, when these articles are not made of graphite (conventional duty).j 

e. Other pottery, with the exception of porcelain, or of wares having the appearance of porcelain: 

1 . White or of one color; fine wares of terra cotta; cases of soft wood of a gross weight inferior to 100 kilograms. 

Conventional duty.' 

2 . Of two or more colors, bordered, printed, painted, gilt, or silvered; even pottery combined with other materials, provided that such 

wares re not classed in No. 20.’.. 

Tiles for pavements and walls, with designs obtained by the mixture of different colored clays, not glazed (conventional duty). 

f. Porcelain and wares having the appearance of porcelain (parian, jasper, etc.): 

1. White.! 

Conventional duty. 1 

2. Colored, bordered, printed, painted, gilt, or silvered; even combined with other materials, provided that such wares can not be classed 

in No. 20.| 

Colored, bordered, printed, painted, gilt, silvered (conventional duty). 

Porcelain and similar compositions, combined with other materials, provided that wares made thereof can not be classed under No. | 

20 (conventional duty) . 

Tare to No. 38 e and/, when such wares are not subject to a duty of 3 marks: C., 14; Bs., 13. 

No. 39.— Animals. 


a. 1. Horses...each.. 

Horses up to 2 years of age (conventional duty) .do_ 

2. Mules and asses.do_ 

Note to 1 and 2: Foals following the dam...-.-... 

b. Bulls and cows.each.. 

c. Oxen..do- 

Conventional duty.do_ 

Note to e; The inhabitants of the frontier districts may introduce draft oxen of from 2| to 5 years at the rate of 20 marks per head, 
under special control and on piroof that such oxen are necessary for the agricultural purposes of the importer. 

d. Cattle up to 2£ years old.....each.. 

Conventional duty.do_ 

e. Calves less than 6 weeks old.........do- 

/. Swine.-..........do- 

Conventional duty.....do- 1 

a. Sucking pigs, weighing less than 10 kilograms.-.do_ 

A. Sheep.do- 

i. Lambs...do-j 

k. Goats. 


No. 40.— Oilcloth, waxed muslin, and waxed taffetas. 

a. Oilcloth, coarse, not printed (packing cloth). 

Conventional duty. 

b. Other leather cloth and bookbinding cloth.-.. 

c. Waxed muslin and waxed taffetas.-. 

Tare to No. 40: C., 13; Bs., 9; Bl., 6 . 

No. 41.— Wool, including animal hair not elsewhere mentioned, and manufactures therefrom. 

0 

a. Wool, raw, dyed, milled; also hair, raw, combed, boiled, dyed, or curled.. 

b. Wool, combed. 

c. Yam, even combined with other textile materials, excepting cotton: 

1. Of hair of cattle, single or double, of all kinds; wadding.... 

2. Woolen hard-combed yam, glazed, over 20 centimeters in length, not mixed with other textile materials; genappes, mohair, or 

alpaca yarn— 

a. Single, dyed or not; double, not dyed.-.. 

p. Double, dyed; twisted with three ends or more, dyed or not...... 

Tare to No! 41, c 2 p: B. and C., 16; Bl. with iron hoops, 6 ; Bl., without iron hoops, 3. 

3. Yarn, other— 

a. Raw, single......... 

p. Raw, double... 

y. Bleached or dyed, single. 

S. Bleached or dyed, double: twisted with three ends or more, raw, bleached, or dyed. 

Tare to No. 41 c 3: B. and C., 16; Bl., with iron hoops, 6 ; Bl., without iron hoops, 3. 


larks. 

United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 

24.00 

Dollars. 

5.712 

.20 

.047 

.15 

.035 

.40 

.095 

90.00 

21.42 

Free. 


Free. 


3.00 

.714 

2.00 

.476 

Free. 


.50 

.119 

1.00 

.238 

.75 

.178 

2.00 

.476 

1.50 

.357 

10.00 

2.38 

8.00 

1.904 

10.00 

3.803 

3.00 

.714 

14. CO 

3.332 

10.00 

2.38 

30.00 

7.14 

20.00 

4.76 

24.00 

5.712 

20.00 

4.76 

10.00 

2.38 

10.00 

2.38 

Free. 


9.0) 

2.142 

60.00 

14.28 

25.50 

6.069 

6.00 

1.428 

5.00 

1.19 

3.00 

.714 

6.00 

1.428 

5.00 

1.19 

1.00 

.238 

1.00 

.238 

.50 

.119 

Free. 


12.00 

2.856 

10.00 

2.3S 

30.00 

7.14 

50.00 

11.90 

Free. 


2.00 

.476 

3.00 

.714 

3.00 

.714 

24.00 

5.712 

8.00 

1.904 

10.00 

2.38 

12.00 

2.856 

24.00 

5.712 


Note to c 3: 

1. An admixture of 2 per cent of cotton to woolen yam will not be taken into consideration. 

2. Grisaille yam (yam of artificial wool), single, is not to be considered as dyed, but as raw. 








































































3152 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


German Import Duties —Continued. 


DUTY. 


ARTICLES. 


No. 41.— Wool, including animal hair not elsewhere mentioned, and manufactures therefrom —Continued. 

d. Manufactures of wool, even combined with cotton, linen, or metal threads: 

1. Cloth list. 

2. Coarse felts, neither printed nor dyed. 

3. Carpets, containing yarn manufactured from the hair of cattle, dyed or not. 

4. Felts, not printed, so far as not included in No. 2 of this letter: wares of felt and hosiery, not printed; carpets, printed or not, of wool 

or other animal hair, with the exception of cattle and horsehair, even combined with vegetable fibers or other textile materials ... 

5. Unprinted cloths and stuffs, so far as not included in Nos. 7 and 8 of this letter— 

a. Weighing more than 200 grams per square meter. 

Raw felt cloths of wool, even combined with cotton or linen, endless woven, for the manufacture of wood and straw pulp, 

cellulose, and paper (conventional duty) . 

p. Weighing 200 grams or less per square meter. 

6 . a. Printed tissues not entering in the category of carpets, weighing more than 200 grams per square meter, as well as trimmings and 

button stuffs; plushes: yarns, combined with metal threads. 

p. Printed wares not entering in the category of carpets, weighing 200 grams or less per square meter. 

7. Lace, tulle, and embroideries, also woven shawls of 3 or 4 colors. 

8 . Woven shawls of 5 or more colors. 

Tare to No. 41 d 3 to 8: C., 20; BL, 7. 

No. 42.— Zinc and articles of zinc, even alloyed with lead or tin. 

a. Zinc, crude or in scrap . 

1). Zinc, rolled. 

c. Zinc wares, coarse, combined or not with wood, iron, lead, or tin, neither polished nor varnished; wire . 

d. Zinc wares, fine, even varnished; also zinc wares combined with other materials, but not included in No. 20. 

Tare to No. 42 d: B. and C., 20; Bs., 13. 

No. 45.— Tin and articles of tin, even alloyed with lead, antimony, or zinc. 

a. Tin, crude or in scrap. 

b. Tin, rolled. 

e. Tinwares, coarse, even combined with wood, iron, lead, or zinc, neither polished nor varnished: wire. 

d. Tinwares, fine, even varnished; also tinwares combined with other materials, but not included in No. 20. 

Tare to No. 43 d: B., 20; C., 15; Bs.. 13. 


Marks. 

United 

States 

equiva¬ 

lent. 

Free. 

Dollars. 

3.00 

0.714 

24.00 

5. 712 

100.00 

23.80 

135.00 

32.13 

100.00 

23.80 

220.00 

52.30 

150.00 

35.70 

220.00 

52.36 

300.00 

71.40 

450.00 

107.10 

Free. 


3.00 

.714 

0.00 

1.428 

24.00 

5.712 

Free. 


3.00 

.714 

6.00 

1.428 

24.00 

5.712 


SUPPLEMENTS TO THE GERMAN TARIFF. 

[July 1,1892.] 


IMPORTATIONS FROM ROUMANIA. 

Conformably to the provisional agreement of .June 1, 1892, Germany grants the most-favored-nation treatment to the Roumanian 
products mentioned in the following numbers of its tariff on importation into Germany: 

9. a, Wheat; b a, rye; b (i, oats; b y, buckwheat; b e, other cereals not specially mentioned; c, barley; d a, colza and other 
oleaginous seeds. 

ex e, maize; /, malt. 

This agreement will remain in force till the S0 /i 8 November, 1892. 

APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTIONAL TARIFF TO CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF ROUMANIA. 

[Reichsgesetzblatt, 1893, p. 201.] 

In virtue of the law of March 23, 1893, granting exemptions and reductions in the conventional tariff to Roumanian and Spanish 
products imported into Germany, the Bundesrath has decreed that the conventional duties of Nos. 9 a, b a, b (i, b y, b e, c, d a, e (maize), 
and / (malted barley) of the German tariff shall continue to be applicable to Roumanian products from July 1 to December 31, inclusive, 
of the present year. 

Berlin, June 29, 1893. 


APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTIONAL DUTIES TO PRODUCTS OF THE COLONIES AND PROTECTORATES OF THE EMPIRE. 

[Centralblatt, 1893, p. 197.] 

The Bundesrath, in its session of June 2, 1893, has decided that the products of the colonies ancl protectorates of the Empire shall 
enjoy the conventional tariff. 


ORDINANCE OF JULY 29, 1893, RELATIVE TO THE APPLICATION OF ADDITIONAL DUTIES ON GOODS PROCEEDING FROM RUSSIA. 

[Deutscher Reichs-Anzeiger, July 31,1893.] 


We, William, by the grace of God, Emperor of Germany, King of Prussia, etc. 

Ordain, in virtue of paragraph 6 of the customs law of July 15, 1879, in the name of the Empire and with the assent of the Bundesrath: 
Section 1. The undermentioned goods shall, when proceeding from Russia (with the exception of Finland 11 ), be subject, until other¬ 
wise ordered, to the following customs duties on every 100 kilograms or, as the case may be, on each piece or cubic meter: 

Marks. 


1. Wheat, tariff No. 9 a. 

2. Rye, tariff No. 9 b a . 

3. Oats, tariff No. 9 b fi . 

4. Buckwheat, tariff No. 9 by 

5. Pulse, tariff No. 9 b 8 _ 


7. 50 
7.50 
6. 00 
3.00 
3. 00 


“ By an imperial ordinance of August 17,1893, goods proceeding from Finland shall be subject to the same treatment, with the exception of those which have 
crossed the Finnish frontier previous to the publication of said ordinance. 






































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3158 


Marks. 

6. Millet, raw, ex-tariff No. 9 6 £. 1.50 

7. Barley, tariff No. 9c. 3. 35 

8. Colza, rape seed, poppy, and other oleaginous seeds not elsewhere mentioned, with the exception of sesame and earthnuts, 

ex-tariff No. 9 da . 3.00 

9. Maize and dari, tariff No. 9 e. 3. 00 

10. Malt (barley and oat), tariff No. 9/. 6.00 

11. Anise, coriander, fennel, and caraway seed, tariff No. 9 g . 4. 50 

12. Quills for writing, prepared; bed feathers, cleaned and prepared, tariff No. 11/. 9. 00 

13. Bark and tan bark, tariff No. 13 b .75 

14. Wood for building and industrial purposes: 

1. Rough or simply cut in the length with the ax or saw, or rough-hewn, with or without the bark, staves of oak, tariff 

No. 13 c 1 .30 

Or per cubic meter. 1.80 

2. Dressed in lengths with the ax and hewn or divided in a manner other than mentioned in c 1; staves other than 

mentioned in subdivision 1; osiers for basket work, unpeeled, and hoop wood; hubs, felloes, and spokes, tariff No. 13 c2. . 60 

Or per cubic meter. 3. 60 

3. Sawn in lengths; planks not planed; sawn square timber, and wood sawn or cut into other shapes, tariff No. 13 c 3_ 1.50 

Or per cubic meter. 9. 00 

15. Hops, tariff No. 14.gross weight.. 30.00 

16. Fine wares of soft caoutchouc, lacquered, dyed, printed or with pressed designs, even combined with other materials, 

provided that they be not classed in tariff No. 20, tariff No. 17 d . 90.00 

17. Wares composed wholly or in part of precious metals, ex-tariff No. 20 a. 900.00 

18. Yarn of flax or other vegetable textile materials, with the exception of cotton, not dyed, not printed, not bleached, up to No. 8, 

English, ex-tariff No. 22 a 1. 7.50 

19. Cordage of flax or other vegetable textile materials, with the exception of cotton: 

1. Ropes, cables, and cords, even bleached or tarred, tariff No. 22 el . 15. 00 

2. Ropemaker’s wares of all kinds, with the exception of those mentioned in subdivision 1, tariff No. 22 e 2 . 36. 00 

20. Tissues of linen, ticking, and drills, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached, having in the warp and woof per 4 square centimeters 

up to 40 threads, ex-tariff No. 22/1. 18. 00 

21. Butter, natural and artificial, tariff No. 25/. 30.00 

22. Meat, fresh or prepared, ex-tariff No. 25 g 1. 30. 00 

23. Fish, salted (with the exception of herrings), imported in barrels; dried, smoked, broiled or only boiled, tariff No. 25 g 2 ft. 4. 50 

24. Poultry and game of all kinds, dead, tariff No. 25 g 3 . 45. 00 

25. Caviare and its substitutes, tariff No. 25 n . 225.00 

26. Cheese of all kinds, tariff No. 25 o . 30. 00 

27. Fruits and berries, dried, roasted, ground, boiled down, when not included in any other number of the tariff; dried nuts, 

ex-tariff No. 25 p 2 . 6. 00 

28. Mill products of grain or pulse, viz, hulled or pearled grain, pearled barley, groats, grits, and flour; common bakers’ 

products, tariff No. 25 q 2 . 15. 75 

29. Tobacco leaves, not manufactured, and tobacco stalks, ex-tariff No. 25 v 1. 127.50 

30. Cigarettes, ex-tariff No. 45 r 2 a. 405. 00 

31. Tea, tariff No. 25 w . • . 150.00 

32. Oleic acid, ex-tariff No. 26 c . 6.00 

33. Lard and goose grease and other fatty substances, such as oleomargarine, economic grease (mixture of tallow, fat, and oil), 

beef marrow, tariff No. 26 h . 15. 00 

34. Tallow, beef and mutton, bone fats, and other animal greases, not elsewhere mentioned, tariff No. 26 /. 3. 00 

35. Sheepskins, made up, but not covered with stuffs, the same skins and skins of the Angora goat, bleached or dyed, not lined; 

covers, not lined; linings and trimmings of fur, not lined, tariff No. 28 5. 9.00 

36. Petroleum, and other mineral oils, not elsewhere mentioned, raw and refined, with the exception of mineral lubricating oils,. 

tariff No. 29 o. 9.00 

37. Mineral lubricating oils, tariff No. 29 b .-. 15. 00 

38. Common mats and matting of bast, straw, reeds, grass, roots, rushes, etc., dyed or not, tariff No. 35 al . 4. 50 

39. Eggs of poultry, tariffNo. 37 b . 4. 50 

40. Horses, tariff No. 39 al .each.. 30.00 

41. Pigs, tariff No. 39 /.do- 9.50 

42. Coarse felts of wool, not printed, not dyed, including those made of animal hair, not elsewhere mentioned, even combined 

with cotton, flax, or metallic threads, tariff No. 41 (12 .-. 4. 50 

Sec. 2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not be applicable to goods which have crossed the Russian frontier previous to the 
promulgation of the present ordinance. 

Sec. 3. The present ordinance shall immediately take effect. 


Given at Cowes, on board of my yacht Hohenzollern, July 29, 1893. 

William. 

Count von Capkivi. 

DECISION OF THE BUNDESRATH OF JULY 31, 1893. 

For the execution of the imperial ordinance of July 29 of this year, relative to the application of a surtax of customs duty on goods 
imported from Russia, the Bundesrath has decreed the following: 

I. For the goods described below, viz: 

(Here follows a repetition of the 42 numbers enumerated above.) 

* ****** 

The rates of duty of the existing general customs tariff or of the conventional tariffs shall only be applicable in so far as such goods 
are satisfactorilv proved not to be of Russian origin (exclusive of Finland). 

II. For wheat, rye, oats, pulse, barley, and maize the proof of origin must be established by consular certificates, conformably to 
the prescriptions of January 30,1892, contained in paragraphs 2 to 6 of the dispositions relative to certificates of origin for goods imported 
from countries enjoying the most-favored-nation treatment, and for other goods by official certificates from the authorities of the country 
of origin, which, if'necessary, must be accompanied by certified translations, or in some other manner (production of ships’ papers, 
invoices, original bills of lading, commercial correspondence, etc.). The proof of origin shall not be required if the goods in question 
enter the country as passengers’ baggage. 

III. In cases where there can be no doubt that the goods proceed from a country other than Russia (excepting Finland)/ the 
customs may waive the demand for a special certificate of origin. 

IY. The prescriptions of paragraphs 11 and 12 of the regulations of January 30,1892 (Centralblat, p. 71), relative to certificates of 
origin for goods imported from countries enjoying the most-favored-nation treatment, shall also be applicable to the certificates alluded 
to in the preceding paragraphs. 










































3154 


MODEKN TAELFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


V. Goods of Russian origin which were already stored in a public or private warehouse within the German customs territory, with or 
without official seals, or which were entered in a current customs account at the time of publication of the ordinance of July 29 of the 
present year, shall pay duty according to the general tariff. 

The duties of the general customs tariff shall only he applicable to goods which have crossed the Russian frontier before July 31 of 
the present year, when this fact can be satisfactorily proved, and when, at the same time, the goods in question shall either be declared 
and presented for entry, forwarded in transit, or stored in a private bonded warehouse before October 1, 1893. a 

VI. Conformably to section 2 of the customs law, the following goods, the duty on which, in consequence of the surtax, now exceeds 
6 marks per 100 kilograms, shall enjoy, for the present, the following tare allowances: 

1. Wheat (tariff No. 9 a), 1 per cent in sacks. 

2. Rye (tariff No. 9 b a), 1 per cent in sacks. 

3. Quills for writing, prepared (tariff No. 11/), 20 per cent in cases. 

Bed feathers, cleaned and prepared (tariff No. 11/), 1 per cent in sacks. 

4. Yarn or flax, or other vegetable textile materials, with the exception of cotton, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached, up to No. 8 
English (ex-tariff No. 22 al) , 13 per cent in cases; 2 per cent in bales. 

5. Sheepskins, made up, but not covered with stuffs; the same skins and skins of the Angora goat, bleached or dyed, not lined; 
covers, not lined; linings and trimmings of fur, not lined (tariff No. 28 b), 20 per cent in cases; 16 per cent in casks; 6 per cent in bales. 

Berlin, July 31, 1893. 

PROVISIONAL AGREEMENT RELATIVE TO TIIE COMMERCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN GERMANY AND SERVIA. 

As the treaty of commerce between Germany and Servia, dated January 6,1883, expires on June 25,1893, and as the treaty of com¬ 
merce and customs signed at Vienna on August 21 (9), 1892, has not yet been ratified, the following declaration was signed at Berlin on 
June 24, 1893: 

The Royal Government of Senna shall, under all circumstances, on and after June 25 till Decdtnber 31,1893, grant to Germany and 
Aj to the territories of its customs union the treatment of the most-favored nation. 

The Imperial Government of Germany, not being legally authorized to make a similar declaration, binds itself, nevertheless, either 
to cause the treaty of commerce and customs concluded at Vienna the 21st (9) August, 1892, to be ratified before December 31, 1893, or 
to grant to Servia the treatment of the most-favored nation. 

Berlin, June 24, 1893. 


Extract from the Treaty of Commerce, Customs, and Navigation, concluded on October 21, 1893, between Germany and 

Roumania. 

[Rcichsgesetzblatt, 189-4, p. 1.] 

DUTIES OX IMPORTATION INTO GERMANY. 


ARTICLES. 


Unit. 


Glue stock from tanneries, old pieces of leather, and other leather parings only fit for raw materials for manu¬ 
factures. 

Bran, malt germs, bone of all kinds of animals. 

Tartar, crude or purified; lees of wine, dried or moist. 

Flax and hemp, raw, retted, heckled, or combed; also tow and other waste of these materials. 

Cereals and other agricultural products: 

■Wheat. 

Rye. 

Oats. 

Buckwheat. 

Pulse. 

Other cereals not specially mentioned. 

Barley. 

Colza, turnip, poppy, and other oleaginous fruits not elsewhere mentioned. 

Linseed . 

Maize.- 

Malt (barley malt). 

Anise, coriander, fennel, and caraway seed.. 

Fresh table grapes.. 

Fresh table grapes imported by post in packets weighing 5 kilograms (gross) and less.. 

Other fresh grapes (for making wine), pressed in casks or tank wagons, even if in a state of fermentation, pro¬ 
vided that the material contains all the parts composing the fruit, i. e., in addition to the juice, also the 
stalks, seeds, and skins of the grapes. 

Fresh vegetables; potatoes; fresh fruits not elsewhere mentioned, with the exception of grapes and Southern 
fruits. 

Horsehair, raw, combed, boiled, dyed, even in curls, spun... 

Bristles; bed feathers, crude. 

Bed feathers, cleaned and prepared. 

Hides and skins, raw (green, salted, treated with lime, and dried), for tanning, even without the hair. 

Skins for furriers. . 

Horn parings, claws, bone (as carving material), raw. 

Bark and tan bark. 

Wood for building and industrial purposes: , , 

1. Rougher simply cut in lengths with the axe or saw, or rough hewn, even when the hardwood is exposed by 

longitudinal cuts, with or without the bark; staves of oak. 

2. Wood dressed in its length with the axe, and hewn or divided In a manner other than mentioned in the 

preceding c 1 ; staves not entering in c 1 ; osiers for basket work, unpeeled, and hoop wood; hubs, felloes, 
and spokes of wheels. 

3. Sawn in lengths, planks not planed, sawn squared timber, and wood sawn or cut into other shapes. 

Horn in sheets, and rough bone simply cut into plates. 

Parquetry unglued, not stained.. 

Wine and must: 

In casks— 

Wine and must... 

Red wine and must of red wine, for blending, under control. 

Wine for the manufacture of cognac, under control. 

Extracts of meat, liquid, and tablets for broth. 

Pork, fresh, and meat, prepared, with the exception of bacon, fresh or prepared. 

Meat, fresh, with the exception of pork.. 

Poultry of all kinds, dead.. 

Gherkins preserved in vinegar or brine (known as Znaimer Gurken), with the addition of the spices mentioned 
in No. 25 i, or with the addition of a small quantity of other vegetables, in barrels, jars, pots, bocals, etc. 


100 kilograms 

_do.. 

-do.. 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 

_do.. 

_do. 


100 kilograms 

_do.. 

_do. 

_do.. 


100 kilograms 


100 kilograms 
Cubic meter. 

100 kilograms 
Cubic meter. 

100 kilograms 
Cubic meter. 
100 kilograms 
_do. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


»For Finland this time has been extended to October 16 of the present year. (Decision of the chancellor of the Empire of August 18,1893.) 


Duties. 


Marks. 

FTee. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

3.50 

3.50 
2.80 
2.80 

1.50 

1.50 

2.50 
2.50 

Free. 
1.60 
3.60 

3.60 

4.60 
Free. 

4.00 


Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

.20 

1.20 

.30 

1.80 

.80 

4.80 

1.50 

5.00 


20.00 
10.00 
10.00 
20.00 
17.00 
15.00 
12.00 
4.00 













































































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


3155 


Extract from the Treaty of Commerce, Customs, and Navigation, concluded on October 21, 1893, between Germany and 

Eoumanta— Continued. 

DUTIES ON IMPORTATION INTO GERMANY—Continued. 


ARTICLES. 

Unit. 

Duties. 

Fruits, seeds, berries, leaves, flowers, mushrooms, vegetables, dried, roasted, ground, boiled down, or salted, all 
these products when not included in any other number of the tariff. 

Juice of fruits and berries preserved without sugar for the purpose of alimentation. 

100 kilograms. 

Marks. 

4.00 

.do. 

4.00 

Nuts, dried. 


3.00 

Mill products of grain and pulse, to wit: Hulled or pearled grain, pearled barlev, groats, grits, and flour; bakers’ 
common products. 

Tallow, beef, and mutton. 

.do. 

7.30 


2.00 

Mineral wax, refined. 


10.00 

Peltries: 

Sheepskins, made up. not covered with stuffs. 

.do. 

6.00 

The same skins and skins of the Angora goat bleached or dyed, not lined. 

.do. 

6.00 

Cocoons, raw or spun silk, floss silk, combed.spun, or twisted; all these silks not dyed, and waste of dved silk... 


Free. 

Live animals and animal products not elsewhere mentioned. .... ._. 


Free. 

Eggs..".. 

100 kilograms... 

2.00 

Animals: 

Bulls and cows. 

Each... 

9.00 



25.50 

Cattle up to 2| vears old. 

.do.... 

5.00 

Calves less than 6 weeks old. 

.do... 

3.00 

Swine. 

.do... 

5.00 

Sucking pigs weighing less than 10 kilograms. 


1.00 

Sheep .7/. .7..7.1. 

.do. 

1.00 

Lambs_ _ .. . . . _ _ _ _ _ 

_do __ ______ 

.50 

Wool, raw, dved, milled............ 

Free. 

Hair, raw, combed, boiled, dved, or curled......... 

Free. 



Extract from the Treaty of Commerce and Customs, concluded on August 21/9, 1892, between Germany and Servia. 

[Reichsgesetzblatt 1893, p. 269.] 

DUTIES ON IMPORTATION INTO GERMANY. 


ARTICLES. 

Rate of 
dutv per 
100 'kilo¬ 
grams. 

Wheat.. 

Marks. 

3.50 

3.50 

2.80 

2.00 

1.00 

2.00 

2.00 

1.60 

3.60 

4.00 

Rve. 

Oats. 

Buckwheat. 

Other cereals not speeiallv mentioned. 

Bariev. 

Colza, turnip, poppy, sesame, earthnuts, and other oleaginous fruits not 

speeiallv mentioned. 

Maize. 

Malt (barlev malt). 

Prunes, dried. 


TEMPORARY ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN GERMANY AND SPAIN. 

In virtue of a temporary arrangement concluded between Germany and Spain, Germany will, from January 1 to 31, 1894, grant to 
Spain, provided reciprocity be accorded, the full and entire treatment of the most favored nation. 

[April, 1S94.] 

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION CONCLUDED BETWEEN GERMANY AND RUSSIA ON JANUARY 29 (FEBRUARY 10), 1S94. 

[Entered into force on March 8 (20), 1S94.] 

Article 1. The subjects of One of the two contracting parties established or temporarily residing in the territory of the other party 
shall, for the exercise of commerce and industry, enjoy the same privileges and shall not be subject to higher or other imposts than 
natives. They shall in all respects, in the territory of the other party, enjoy the same duties, privileges, immunities, favors, and 
exemptions as are enjoyed by subjects of the most favored nation. _ 

It is, however, understood that the preceding stipulations do not derogate in any manner from the laws, ordinances, and special 
regulations relative to commerce, industry, and police which are or may be in force in each of the two contracting countries, and which 

are applicable to all foreigners. . , , . , , 

Art. 2. The subjects of each of the two contracting parties shall, in the territory of the other, enjoy the right to purchase and to 
own reaf and personal property of all kinds which the laws of the country permit or may permit to subjects of any other foreign nation 
to purchase or to own. * They may dispose of the same by sale, exchange, donation, marriage, will, or in any other manner, as well as 
acquire the same bv inheritance, under the same conditions which are or may be established for subjects of any other foreign nation, 
without being subjected, in none of the cases mentioned, to other or higher taxes, imposts, or carges, of whatever kind or denomination, 
than those which are or may be established for natives. 

They may likewise, by complying with the laws of the country, freely export the proceeds of the sale of their property and goods 
in general without being subject, as foreigners, to other or higher taxes than those which, in a similar case, are paid by natives. 

They shall have the right, by complying with the laws of the country, to appear before the tribunals, either as plaintiffs or 
defendants, and in this respect they shall enjoy all the privileges and immunities of natives, and as such they shall have the faculty in 
all cases of’emploving attorneys, solicitors, and agents of all classes authorized by the laws of the country. 

Art. 3. Subjects of each of the contracting parties shall be exempt, on the territory of the other, from every obligatory official, 
judicial administrative, or municipal function, that of guardianship excepted, from all personal military service in the army, navy, 
land and navy reserve, and the national militia, also from all contributions, forced loans, and from any military requisition or service, 


No. 8-10 































































3156 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


whatever be the nature thereof, imposed in ease of war or owing to extraordinary circumstances; the taxes depending on the possession 
or occupation of real estate, as well as the obligation of military billeting and other military services or requisitions to which natives or 
subjects of the most favored nation are subject in their quality as proprietors or tenants of real estate are, however, excepted. 

Art. 4. Joint stock companies and other commercial, industrial, or financial associations established in one of the two countries 
and upon the condition that the)' have been legally constituted, conformably to the laws in force, shall be recognized as having legal 
existence in the other country, and they shall especially have the right to appear before the tribunals either as plaintiffs or defendants. 

It is understood, however, that the preceding stipulations do not concern the question to know whether such a company constituted 
in one of the countries shall be admitted or not in the other country to exercise its commerce or industry; this admission always 
remaining subject to the prescriptions existing or which may exist relative to this matter in the latter country. 

In all cases said companies or societies shall enjoy in the. other country the same privileges which are or may be accorded to similar 
companies of any other country. 

Art. 5. The contracting parties bind themselves not to impede the reciprocal commerce between the two countries ny any 
prohibition of import or export, and to admit the free transit, excepting on roads which are not open or w T hich may be closed to this 
traffic. 

Exceptions to this rule can be made only for articles which, on the territory of one or the other of the contracting parties, form or 
may form a monopoly of the State, as well as for articles which, for sanitary and veterinary police regulations, for public safety, or for 
other serious considerations, may be exceptionally prohibited. 

Art. 6. Products of the soil and industry of Russia imported into Germany, and products of the soil and industry of Germany 
imported into Russia, destined either for consumption, reexportation, or transit, shall be subject to the same treatment and shall not 
pay other or higher duties than those levied on products of the most favored nation. Particularly any privilege, immunity, or reduction 
of import duties inscribed in the general tariff or in conventional tariffs which one of the contracting parties should grant, either 
permanently or temporarily, to a third power shall immediately and unconditionally be extended to products of the soil and industry 
of the other. 

Art. 7. The products of the soil and industry of Germany enumerated in Tariff A, annexed to the present treaty, on importation 
into Russia, and the products of the soil and industry of Russia, enumerated in Tariff B, annexed to the present treaty, on importation 
into Germany, shall not be subject to other or higher import duties than those stipulated in the aforesaid annexes. 

Should one of the contracting parties establish a new interior impost or excise duty levied for the benefit of the State, or increase such 
duties on an article of national production or manufacture comprised in Tariffs A or B, annexed to the present treaty, the import duty 
on the same article may be increased proportionately, but upon the condition that this duty be the same on goods proceeding from ail 
countries. 

Art. 8. The internal taxes collected for account of the State, communes, or corporations, which are or may be levied on the 
production, manufacture, or consumption of an article in the territory of one of the contracting parties, shall not burden, under any 
pretext, the products of the other country with a higher tax nor in a more onerous manner than that levied on similar national products. 

Art. 9. No other or higher export duties shall be levied on products exported from one of the two countries into the other than 
those applicable on similar exportations in destination of a most-favored nation. In like manner any privilege accorded by one of the 
contracting parties to a third power relative to exportation shall immediately and without conditions be extended to the other. 

Art. 10. Goods of all kinds passing across the territory of one of the two countries by a commercial road open to transit shall, 
reciprocally, be exempt from all transit duties, whether they transit direct or whether during the transit they are to be discharged, 
deposited, or recharged. 

Art. 11. Shall not be considered as being contrary to the dispositions of the present treaty— 

1. The privileges actually granted or which in the future may be granted to other neighboring States to facilitate the local traffic of 
a frontier zone extending up to 15 kilometers in width. 

2. The privileges granted by Germany, owing to the existing customs union, to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and to the Austrian 
Communes of Junholz and of Mittelberg, to which the dispositions of the present treaty shall be applicable. 

3. The privileges actually granted or which iu the future may be granted to the inhabitants of the Government of Archangel, as well 
as to the northern and eastern coasts of Russia in Asia (Siberia), relative to importation and exportation. 

It is in addition well understood that the dispositions of articles 6, 9, and 10 of the present treaty shall neither be applicable to the 
special stipulations contained in the treaty concluded between Russia and Sweden and Norway on April 26 (8 May), 1838, nor to those 
which are or may be relative to the commerce with neighboring States and countries of Asia, and that these stipulations can in no case 
be invoked to modify the relations of commerce and navigation established between the two contracting parties by the present treaty. 

Art. 12. Merchants, manufacturers, and other traders who prove, by means of a legitimation card issued by the authorities of their 
country, that they are authorized to exercise an industry in the State where they are domiciled, may, either personally or by employing 
commercial travelers, make purchases or collect orders, either with or without samples, on the territory of other contracting party. 
Said merchants, manufacturers, and other traders or commercial travelers shall, reciprocally, receive in everything relative to passports 
and the payment of taxes levied on the exercise of commerce the most-favored-nation treatment. 

Traders (commercial travelers) who are bearers of a legitimation card may carry samples with them, but no goods. Articles subject 
to customs duties which are imported as samples by said travelers shall, by both parties, be admitted free of import and export duties, 
upon condition that these articles, when they have not been sold, be reexported within a time stipulated in advance, and that the 
identity of the imported and reexported articles be obvious, whatever be the customs office through which exported. 

The reexportation of samples must, on importation, be guaranteed in both countries, either by depositing the amount of the 
respective customs duties or by giving bond. 

The contracting parties shall, reciprocally, notify each other what authorities are intrusted with issuing legitimation cards, the form 
of such cards, as well as the dispositions to which travelers must comply in the exercise of their commerce. 

Subjects of one of the contracting parties who proceed to markets or fairs on the territory of the other for the purpose of exercising 
their commerce or selling their produce, shall, reciprocally, be treated as natives, and shall not be subject to higher taxes than those 
levied on the latter. 

Art. 13. German vessels and their cargoes shall be treated in Russia, and Russian vessels and their cargoes shall be treated in 
Germany, absolutely on the footing of national vessels and their cargoes, whatever be the country of departure of the vessels or their 
destination, and whatever be the origin of the cargoes or their destination. 

Any privilege and any exemption accorded in this respect to a third power by one of the contracting parties shall immediately and 
unconditionally be extended to the other. 

Exceptions to the preceding dispositions, however, are made for— 

a. The particular privileges accorded or which may be accorded to national fisheries, and products thereof, in one or the other 
country. 

b. The privileges actually granted or which may be granted in the future to the national merchant marine. 

The dispositions of the present treaty shall not be applicable to the coasting trade, which shall continue to be regulated by the laws 
which are or may be in force in each of the two countries. Russian and German vessels may, however, pass from one port of one of the 
two contracting parties into one or more ports of the same country, either in order to discharge all or part of their cargo brought from 
abroad, or to ship or complete their cargo for a foreign destination. 

Art. 14. The nationality of vessels shall be admitted by both parties, according to the particular laws and regulations of each country, 
by means of the ships’ papers found on board and issued by the competent authorities. 

The ship’s register issued by one of the contracting parties shall be recognized by the other according to the special arrangements 
agreed upon or to be agreed upon between the two contracting parties. 

Art. 35. German vessels entering a Russian port and, reciprocally, Russian vessels entering a German port, which only enter to 
complete their cargo or to discharge a part thereof may, by complying, however, with the laws and regulations of the respective country, 


1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


8157 


retain on board that part of the cargo destined to another port, either of the same or of another country, and reexport the same without 
payment, for the latter part of the cargo, of any customs duties, excepting the charges for surveillance, which, besides, can only be levied 
at the rates established for national navigation. 

Art. 16. The following shall be entirely exempt from tonnage or clearance dues in the ports of each of the two countries: 

1. V essels which, entering in ballast from whatever port, clear in ballast. 

2. A essels which, passing from one port of one of the two countries into one or more ports of the same country, prove that they 
have already paid these dues in another port of the same country. 

3. essels which, entering into a port with a cargo, either voluntarily or through stress of weather, clear without having effected a 
commercial operation. 

This exemption does not extend to light-house, pilotage, towage, quarantine, and other dues and charges payable per vessel for 
services rendered and for use of apparatus established in the interest of circulation, and which are levied as well on national vessels as on 
those belonging to the most-favored nation. 

In cases of vessels seeking shelter from stress of weather or other misfortunes, the discharge and reshipment of goods for repairing 
the vessel, the transshipment on another vessel in case the first is unseaworthv, the expenses necessary for provisions for the crew, and 
the sale of averaged goods shall not, when the customs administration has given previous authorization, be considered as commercial 
operations. 

Art. 17. In case a vessel of one of the contracting parties is stranded or wrecked on the coast of the other, such vessel shall enjoy, 
both for the ship and the cargo, all the privileges and immunities granted by the legislation of each of the respective two countries to 
their own vessels under similar circumstances. Every aid and assistance shall be given to the master and the crew, as well for their 
persons as for the vessel and cargo. 

The contracting parties, in addition, agree that salvaged goods shall be subject to the payment of no customs duties unless they be 
destined to interior consumption. 

Art. 18. Subjects of each of the two contracting parties shall, reciprocally, have the privilege of using, under the same conditions 
and on payment of the same duties as the natives, the highways and roads, canals, locks, lighters, bridges and draw bridges, ports, 
wharves, waterways, and marked and illuminated passes, the pilotage service, cranes, scales, warehouses (depots), establishments, and 
institutions destined to the salvage and security of ships’ cargoes, and all other establishments and institutions of this kind, in so far as 
they are destined to the public service and for the use of commerce in general, whether they be managed by the State or by persons 
authorized by the State. 

These charges shall only be collected for the real and effective use, reserving, however, the contrary dispositions relative to pilotage 
and maritime lighting. 

Art. 19. The two contracting parties reserve to themselves the liberty to regulate independently the transportation tariffs of their 
railroads. 

Xo difference, however, shall be made as to the charges for transportation, nor to the time and manner of shipment, between the 
inhabitants of the territories of the contracting parties. Especially, shipments of goods proceeding from Eussia and conveyed toward a 
German station, or in transit through Germany, shall not be subject to higher freight charges on German railroads than those charged 
in the same direction and between the same German railway stations on similar German or foreign goods. This shall also be the case 
for Eussian railroads as to shipments of goods proceeding from German}' and conveyed toward a Eussian station, or in transit through 
Eussia. 

Xo exceptions can be made except for transportations at reduced prices for reasons of public interest or for charitable purposes. 

Art. 20. The present treaty shall enter into force the 8th (20th) March, 1894, or sooner if possible, and shall remain executory until 
the 19th (31st) December, 1903. 

Should neither of the contracting parties have given notice twelve months before the expiration of the said date of its intention to 
terminate the same, the said treaty shall remain in force until one year from the day on which either of the contracting parties shall have 
denounced it. 

Art. 21. The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratification thereof shall be exchanged at Berlin at the earliest possible date. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same and have thereto affixed their seals. 

Done at Berlin, January 29 (February 10), 1894. 


Import Duties Levied ix Germany. 

[The mark=23.8 cents; 100 kilograms=220.46 pounds.] 


ARTICLES. 


Duties. 


Blood of slaughtered animals, fresh or dry, tendons, residues of malt, residues from distilleries, chaff, bran, malt germs, coal ashes, animal and other 

manures, such as lye ashes, slack lime, dry scum from sugar refineries, and hones of all kinds. 

Rags of all kinds, waste paper, old printed paper and old manuscripts, old fishing nets, old cordage, and lint. 

Brush and sieve manufactures: 

Common wares— 

Brushes of bast, straw, reeds, grass, roots, cane, and similar materials, even combined with wood or iron, neither polished nor varnished, 

100 kilograms. 

Brooms of bast, straw, reeds, grass, roots, cane, and similar materials, even combined with wood or iron, neither polished nor varnished, 

100 kilograms. 

Graphite in tablets, dies, etc., compressed and prepared.100 kilograms.. 

Matches, of wood.do- 

Plates and sheets of wrought iron: 

Rough.do- 

Polished, varnished, lacquered, coated with copper, tin (tin plate), zinc, or lead.do- 

Ironware: 

Coars e 

Ground, varnished, coated with copper, zinc, tin, lead, or enamel, but neither polished nor lacquered; also skates, ha mm ers, axes, choppers, com¬ 
mon locks, common cutlery, scythes, sickles, currycombs, tower clocks, screw-drivers, squares, wood screws, lock screws, wheel screws, screws 

of iron wire, tongs, stamped keys, manure and ha’y forks.100 kilograms.. 

Fine— 

Of fine cast iron, light ornaments, polished cast iron, artistic castings, malleable cast iron. 

Of wrought iron, polished or lacquered, such as knives, scissors, knitting and crochet needles, sword-makers’ Wares, etc. 

All these articles, if they are not otherwise mentioned, even if they are combined with wood or other materials, unless they are classed, on ac¬ 
count of such combination, under No. 20.100 kilograms.. 

Earths and mineral substances, raw, calcined, washed, or ground; ores# even prepared, but not specially classed; precious metals, coined, in bars, or 

broken pieces: asbestus fibers, even cleaned, asbestos cement, liquid asbestus. 

Cardboard and paper asbestus, in sheets, rolls, or plates: 

Not molded...100 kilograms.. 

Molded, even stamped.do— 

Flax and other textile vegetable materials, with the exception of cotton, raw, retted, hackled, and waste of such materials. 

Wheat...100 kilograms.. 

Rye.4o— 

Oats.40- 

Buckwheat.4o— 

Pulse.4o- 


Marks. 

Free. 

Free. 


4.00 

3.00 

2.00 

10.00 

3.00 

5.00 


10.00 


24.00 

Free. 

10.00 

24.00 

Free. 

3.50 

3.50 
2.80 
2.00 

1.50 




























31,58 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


Import Duties Levied in Germany— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


Other cereals not specially mentioned.100 kilograms 

Barley.do.. 

Colza, turnip, poppy, sesame, eartknuts, and other oleaginous fruits not elsewhere mentioned.do.. 

Linseed 


Maize.100 kilograms 

Malt (barley).do.. 

Anise, coriander, fennel, and caraway seed.do.. 

Chicory, dried.do.. 

Agricultural products not otherwise mentioned. 

Pendants of chandeliers of glass; glass buttons, even colored; massive white glass, not specially mentioned; glass, molded, ground, polished, corroded 

cut, engraved, or figured, provided that it be not included in letters d or/.100 kilograms 

Horsehair, raw, combed, boiled, dyed, curled, spun; bristles; bed feathers, not cleaned. 

Bed feathers, cleaned and prepared. 

Hides, skins, and furs: 

Hides and skins, large and small, raw (green, salted, treated with lime, and dried), for tanning, even without the hair. 

Skins for furriers. 

Charcoal; parings of horn, hoofs, and claws, bone (as carving materials), raw. 

Bark and tan bark, ground or not. 

Wood for building and industrial purposes: 

Rough or simply cut in lengths with the ax or sawn crosswise, or rough hewn, with or without the bark; staves of oak(100 kilograms. 

for casks.lor per cubic meter 

Wood split in its length, dressed in a manner other than rough hewn with the ax, or divided in pieces; staves not included in (100 kilograms. 

No. 1; osiers for basket work, and hoop wood, unpeeled, hubs, fellies, and spokes of wheels.(or per cubic meter 

Wood sawn in lengths; planks notplaned; squared timber or wood sawn or cut into other shapes.j^°cubic S 'meter 

Coopers’, turners’, and carpenters’ wares, common, not painted, and other articles of wood, simply planed, with the exception of furniture of hare 

wood or veneered furniture; wheelwrights’ wares, simply planed; peeled osiers, coarse basket wares, neither painted, stained, polished, nor varnished 

rattans, stained orsplit.100 kilograms 

Basket-makers’ wares of shavings, not painted.do.. 

Horn in sheets; bone, rough, simply cut, in plates or sheets.do.. 

Cut veneers; parts of parquetry, not put together, not stained.do.. 

Fine basket-makers’ wares.do.. 

Basket-makers’wares of shavings, painted.do.. 

Notes to letter g — 

Buffalo and other horns, smoothed, polished, or otherwise worked.do.. 

Buttons of horn, molded.do.. 

Machines: 

According to the material predominating in weight— 

Of wood.do.... 

Fine fancy and small wares (ornamental and toilet articles for men and women, bric-a-brac, etc.): 

Composed wholly or In part of aluminum or other common metals, but of fine manufacture and more or less nickeled, gilt, silvered, or varnished, or 
combined with semiprecious or imitation stones, alabaster, enamel, or with carved or chiseled parts, composition, cameos, ornamentations of cast 

metal.100 kilograms.. 

Sole leather; so-called Brussels and Danish leather for gloves.do_ 

Linen and hemp, yarn and tissues of, i. e., tissues and hosiery of flax or other vegetable textile materials, with the exception of cotton: 

Yarn, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached, also the same yarn, twisted, of jute or Manila hemp— 

Up to No. 8, English.do_ 

Yarn or jute, up to No. 8, English.do_ 

Above No. 8 and up to No. 20, English.do_ 

Yarn or jute, above No. 8 and up to No. 20, English.do_ 

From No. 20 and up to No. 35, English.do_ 

Above No. 35, English.do_ 

Sewing thread, assorted; twisted thread not enumerated under letters a, b, and d .do_ 

Sewing thread, twisted, assorted, of flax or other vegetable textile materials, w T ith the exception of cotton.do_ 

Cordage: 

Ropes, cables, and cords, even bleached or tarred.do_ 

Cordage of all kinds, with the exception of those mentioned in the preceding No. 1.do_ 

Tissues of linen, tickings, and drills, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached: 

Having in the warp and woof per 4 square centimeters up to 40 threads; carpets of Manila hemp, coir, jute, or similar fibers, not dyed.do_ 

Packing cloth of jute or Manila hemp, or of similar fibers, with the exception of flax, neither dyed, printed, nor bleached, having in the warp and 

woof per 4 square centimeters up to 40 threads.100 kilograms.. 

Thread lace...do_ 

Wine in casks: 

Wine and grape must, in casks.do_ 

Red wine and must for red wine, for blending, under control.do_ 

Wine for the manufacture of cognac, under control.do_ 

Butter, even artificial.do_ 

Butchers’ meat, fresh, -with the exception of pork.do_ 

Pork, fresh, and prepared meat, with the exception of fresh or prepared bacon.do 

Extracts of meat and tablets for broth.do_ 

Fish: 

Preserved in vinegar, oil, or marinated, in barrels.do_ 

Poultry of all kinds, dead.do_ 

Game of all kinds, dead.do_ 

Caviare and its substitutes.do_ 

Hard cheese, of a millstone shape, weighing at least 50 kilograms each.do_ 

Cheese, other.do_ 

Preserves, sweetmeats, and pastries of all kinds, fruits; spices, vegetables, and other comestibles (mushrooms, truffles, poultry, sea shellfish, etc.), preserved 

in sugar, vinegar, oil, salt, or cooked in bottles, tins, etc.; prepared mustard; capers, pies, sauces, and other similar fine'aliments.100 kilograms.. 

Alimentary flour for infants (Nestle’s, etc.).do_ 

Gherkins preserved in vinegar or brine (known as “Znaimergurken”), with the addition of the spices mentioned in No. 25i, or with the addition of a 

small quantity of other vegetables, in barrels, jars, pots, or other recipients of earthenware, glass, etc.100 kilograms.. 

Fruits, seeds, berries, leaves, flowers, mushrooms, and vegetables, dried, roasted, ground, boiled down, or salted, when not included in anv other num¬ 
ber of the tariff; juices of fruits and of berries, cooked, without sugar. 100 kilograms.. 

Mill products of grain and pulse (peas, beans, etc.), to wit: Hulled or crushed grain, groats, semolina, flour, bakers’ common products.do_ 

Residues, solid, from the manufacture of fatty oils, even ground.do_ 

Goose grease, and other greases, melted, such as oleomargarine, economic grease (Sparfctt), (a mixture of tallow-like greases and oil), beef marrow..do.. 

Blubber and train oil.do 

Tallorv, beef, and mutton; bone fats, and other animal greases not elsewhere mentioned.do. 

Taper pulp of rags, unbleached or bleached. 

Pulp of wood, straw, esparto, or other fibers, for the manufacture of paper, unbleached or bleached; gray blotting paper and rough vellow straw paper; 

cardboard other than glazed cardboard or card leather.'.ioo kilograms.’. 

Packing paper not included in the preceding letter b nor in the following letter d, unsized.do..! 

Packing paper, sized.do!.! 

Glazed cardboard and card leather; press boards.do_ 

Printing, writing, blotting, and tissue paper of all kinds; lithographed, printed, or ruled paper, for accounts, labels, waybills, etc.!!!!!!!!!!! .do!!!! 

Paper, gilt or silvered; paper w’ith gilt or silver patterns; perforated paper, etc., as well as bands of such papers; artists’ cardboard.do_ 

Peltries: 

Fur coats; caps and gloves, lined with fur; lined fur coverings; linings, trimmings, and other similar articles, lined.do_ 

Sheepskin coats, made up, not lined; covers made up, but not lined; sheepskins and skins of the angora goat, bleached or dyed, made up, but not 

lined; linings and trimmings of fur, not lined, for coats.100 kilograms. 

Cocoons; raw or spun silk; floss silk, combed, spun, or twisted; all these silks, not dyed; and waste of dyed silk. 


Duties. 


Marks. 

1.00 

2.00 

2.00 

Free. 

1.60 

3.60 

3.00 

.80 

Free. 

12.00 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

.20 

1.20 

.30 

1.80 

.80 

4.80 


3.00 
1.00 
1.50 
5.00 
80.00 
10.00 

40.00 

30.00 


3.00 


175.00 
30.00 


5.00 
4.00 
6.00 
5.00 
9.00 
12.00 
36.00 
60.00 

10.00 
24.00 

12.00 

10.00 

600.00 

20.00 
10.00 
10.00 
16.00 
15.00 
17.00 
20.00 

12.00 
12.00 
20.00 
150.00 
15.00 
20.00 

CO.oO 

50.00 

4.00 

4.00 
7.30 
Free. 
10.00 
3.00 
2.00 
Free. 

1.00 

3.00 

3.00 

6.00 

6.00 

10.00 

150.00 

6. CO 
Free. 
























































































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3159 


Import Duties Levied in Germany— Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


Duties. 


Silk wadding....... 100 kilograms.. 

Tissues of silk or floss silk, combined with metallic threads; tissues of silk combined with other textile materials, as well as with metallic threads, 100 

kilograms. 

Tissues of silk or floss silk........................ ". "..........."..... "..ioo kilograms.. 

Stones, rough, or only hewn, even ground. 

Millstones, even with iron hoops. 

Tar, pitch, resins of all kinds, asphalt. 

Animals and animal products not elsewhere mentioned: 

Live animals and animal products not elsewhere mentioned; beehives with live bees. 


Eggs.100 kilograms.. 

Porcelain and wares having the appearance of porcelain (parian, jasper,etc.): 

White.do_ 

Colored, bordered, printed, gilt, or silvered.do_ 

Combined with other materials, provided that wares made thereof can not be classed under No. 20 (small wares).do_ 

Bulls and cows.each.. 

Oxen.do_ 

Note to letter c: The inhabitants of the frontier districts may introduce draft oxen of from 2i to 5 years at the rate of 20 maria per head, on proof 
that such oxen are necessary for the agricultural purposes of the importer. 

Bullocks,steers,and heifers,less than 2£ years old.each.. 

Calves less than 6 weeks old...do_ 

Swine.do_ 

Sucking pigs weighing less than 10 kilograms.do_ 

Sheep, ewes, and rams.do_ 

Lambs.do_ 


Cloth list... 

Coarse felts, neither printed nor dyed.100 kilograms.. 

Unprinted cloths and stuffs, so far as not included in Nos. 7 and 8: 

Weighing more than 200 grams per square meter, with the exception of those mentioned below.do_ 

Raw felt cloths of wool, even combined with cotton or linen, endless woven, for the manufacture of wood and straw pulp, cellulose, and paper, 100 

kilograms. 

Printed tissues not entering in the category of carpets, weighing more than 200 grams per square meter, as well as tr immin gs and button-makers’ 

wares; plushes; tissues combined with metallic threads.100 kilograms.. 

Printed tissues not entering in the category of carpets, weighing 200 grams or less per square meter.do_ 


Maris. 

2L00 

800.00 

600.00 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 
2. CO 

10.00 

20.00 

24.00 

9.00 

26.50 


5.00 

3.00 

5.00 

1.00 

1.00 

.50 

Free. 

Free. 

3.00 

135.00 

100.00 

150.00 

220.00 


FINAL PROTOCOL. 

At the time of signing the treaty of commerce and navigation concluded at Berlin between Russia and Germany the undersigned 
have agreed to the following: 


PART 1.—RELATIVE TO THE TEXT OF THE TREATY. 


Relating to articles 1 and 12: With reference to passports subjects of the two contracting parties shall be treated on the footing of the 
most-favored nation. 

Relating to articles 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10: Certain goods being at present subjected in Russia to higher duties when imported by the land 
frontier than when imported by the Baltic Sea, it is to be imderstood that on the day when the present treaty shall enter into force the 
duties on imports across the land frontier shall be reduced to the rates of duty on imports by the Baltic Sea, and that no new differential 
duty favoring imports by the Baltic Sea, by the Black Sea, and by the Sea of Azof (the Caucasian coast excepted) shall be established. 

On its part the German Government engages itself not to impose on any of the frontiers of the German Empire customs duties other 
or more favorable than those levied on the Russian frontier. Exception is, however, made for salt, sawn stone blocks, coarse 
manufactures of building stone, and rough slate slabs (Aos. 25/, 33d, and 33c of the German customs tariff), goods for which Germany 
reserves to itself the right of maintaining the actual differences between the duties levied on entry by sea and those collected on entry 
by land. 

Relating to articles 6, 7, and 11: Products of the soil or industry of a third power conveyed in transit across the territory of one of 
the contracting parties shall not, on their entry into the other, pay other or higher customs duties than the same products would have 
paid if they had been imported directly from their country of origin. 

Relating to articles 6-9: With respect to the payment of duties the Imperial Government of Russia is ready to accept German gold 
money in payment of duties—1,000 marks, gold, being considered as equivalent to 303 rubles, gold. 

Relating’ to articles 6 and 7: The contracting parties reserve to themselves the right to exact certificates of origin, proving production 
or manufacture in one of the two countries of goods imported into the other. On its part, each of the two parties shall take steps to 
assure that the certificates exacted cause as little hindrance as possible to commerce. 

Relating to article 13: The contracting parties reserve to themselves the faculty of entering into a special arrangement with reference 
to navigation on the rivers Niemen, A istula, and A\ arta. 

Relating to article 19: The contracting parties shall mutually render to each other every possible facility with regard to railway 
rates, notably by the establishment of a "tariff of through rates. These through rates shall be especially established for the ports o’f 
Dant’zig (Xeufahrwasser), Koenigsberg (Pillau), and Memel both with regard to exportations from as well as to importations into Russia, 

according to the needs of commerce. . . 

At the same time the transport charges to be levied on goods, which, according to the Russian railway rates, are classed under 
the head of cereals, as well as on linen and hemp, shall, from the point of departure on the Russian railways up to the above-mentioned 
German ports, be calculated and apportioned, according to the regulations in force, or which may be in force, on Russian railways up to 
the ports of Libau and Riga, between the Russian and German railways which have effected the transport. 

The supplementary taxes (accessory charges) levied in addition to the rates for conveyance must likewise be established, and the 
amount thereof shall be distributed according to the Russian regulations between the railways interested; it being understood that one 
sole frontier tax shall be levied, which shall be equally divided between the Russian and German railways meeting on the frontier. 

This obligation only concerns, reciprocally, State railways; but the two Governments will endeavor to induce private railways to 
applv on their lines the same principles for the establishment of tariffs and distribution of the transport rates. Should private lines 
which participate in the convevanee of goods in one of the indicated directions not agree to the regulations for the above-mentioned 
calculation and apportionment,’ such regulations shall cease, at the same time, to be obligatory for the State railways of the two 

contracm dispositions actuallv in force in order to regulate the competition between Konigsberg and Dantzig shall remain in vigor. 

Relating to article 20: The denunciation of the consular convention (of November 26, December 8, 1874) in force between the two 
contracting parties can not take place prior to the denunciation of the present treaty. 











































3160 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


PART II.—RELATIVE TO THE RUSSIAN CONVENTIONAL TARIFF. 

[See International Customs Journal, ninth supplement to No. 23 (Russia).] 

PART III.—RELATIVE TO THE GERMAN CONVENTIONAL TARIFF. 

Relating to No. 29a: Petroleum and other mineral oils fit for illuminating purposes, refined, not elsewhere mentioned, may at the 
choice of the importer, either be cleared from the custom-house according to weight, on the basis of 100 kilograms, or according to 
volume, on the basis of 125 liters being equivalent, at the temperature of 15° C., to 100 kilograms net. 

[June, 1894.] 

ORDINANCE RELATIVE TO THE APPLICATION OF A SURTAX ON PRODUCTS PROCEEDING FROM SPAIN AND FROM SPANISH COLONIES. 

[Reichs Anzeiger of May 25,1894.] 

Section. 1. The following goods, when imported from Spain or from Spanish transmarine provinces, shall pay per 100 kilograms, 


until further notice, the under-mentioned duties: 

Marks. 

1. Coarse iron of all kinds (ex No. 6 a of the tariff). 1.50 

2. Rye (No. 9 b a of the tariff).,. 7. 50 

3. Grapes (No. 9 h of the tariff)... 22. 50 

4. Wood for industrial purposes: Box, cedar, cocus (a greenish wood of the West Indies), ebony, mahogany (note relative to 

No. 13 c 1 and 2). .15 

Or per cubit meter. .90 

5. Coai’se wares of cork (bands, cubes, and bungs manufactured of the exterior bark), (ex No. 13 f of the tariff). 15.00 

6. Stoppers and soles of cork; carved cork (ex No. 13 g of the tariff). 45.00 

7. Goat and sheep skins, half dressed, or dressed, neither dyed nor otherwise prepared (note relative to 21 b of the tariff). 4.50 

8. Brandy of all kinds, also arrack, rum, French brandy, and mixed brandies, with exception of liqueurs: 

a. In casks (No. 25 b 2 a of the tariff). 187. 50 

b. In bottles, jars, or other receptacles (No. 25 b 2 (j of the tariff). 270. 00 

9. Wine and must: 

a. In casks (ex No. 25 e 1 of the tariff). 36.00 

b. In bottles, with the exception of sparkling wines (ex No. 25 e 2 ft of the tariff). 72.00 

10. Fish, prepared (other than the fish mentioned in No. 25 q 2 a, fi, and y ); fish of all kinds in hermetically closed receptacles 

(No. 25 g 2 6 of the tariff)... 90. 00 

11. Oranges, citrons, lemons, bitter oranges, pomegranates, and analogous southern fruits, fresh (No. 25 h 1 of the tariff). 18. 00 

Or per hundred. 3. 00 

12. Figs, raisins, currants (No. 25 h 2 of the tariff). 36. 00 

13. Dates, almonds, bitter oranges, and analogous fruits, dry (No. 25 h 3 of the tariff). 45.00 

14. Saffron, Spanish red pepper (ex No. 25 i of the tariff). 75. 00 

15. Honey (No. 25 l of the tariff). 30. 00 

16. Coffee, not roasted (ex 25 m 1 of the tariff). 60.00 

17. Cocoa, in the bean, not roasted (No. 25 m 3 a of the tariff). 52.50 

18. Peel of southern fruits, fresh or dried; bitter oranges, green, even preserved in brine, dried nuts, chestnuts, carob beans, 

pinons (ex No. 25 p 2 of the tariff). 6. 00 

19. Salt (kitchen,refined, rock, or sea) (ex No. 25 t of the tariff). 19. 20 

Salt imported by sea (note relative to No. 25 t of the tariff). 18. 00 

20. Tobacco in the leaf, not manufactured; tobacco stalks and juices (No. 25 v 1 of the tariff). 127.50 

21. Cigars and cigarettes (No. 25 r 2 a of the tariff). 405. 00 

22. Sugar, solid or liquid, of all kinds (No. 25 x of the tariff). 54. 00 

23. Olive oil, in casks (ex No. 26 b of the tariff ). 15. 00 

24. Olive oil, denaturalized by the administration (ex No. 26 d of the tariff). 3. 00 

25. Palm and cocoanut oil (No. 26 e of the tariff). 3. 00 

26. Blubber and train oil (No. 26 J: of the tariff). 4.50 

27. Beeswax, including wax of other insects (ex No. 26 m of the tariff). . 22.50 


Sec. 2. The dispositions of paragraph 1 shall not be applicable to goods which have crossed the German customs frontier on the day of 
the publication of the present ordinance, or which, on the same date, shall be found on German territory not subject to the customs 
regime. 

Sec. 3. The present ordinance shall enter into force immediately. 

[seal.] William. 

New Palace, May 25, 1S94- 
Count de Caprivi. 

LAW RELATIVE TO IMPORT CERTIFICATES. ENTERED INTO FORCE MAY 1, 1894. 

Whosoever exports wheat, rye, oats, pulse, barley, colza, and poppy seed in a quantity of at least 500 kilograms shall be entitled to 
a certificate authorizing him to import an equal quantity of the same products into Germany within a period (which in no case can 
exceed six months) to be fixed by the Bundesrath. These exportations must be effected through custom-houses designated by the 
Bundesrath. 

[August, 1S94.] 

REGULATIONS OF THE EXECUTION OF THE IMPERIAL ORDINANCE OF MAY 25, 1894, RELATIVE TO THE APPLICATION OF A SURTAX ON 

PRODUCTS PROCEEDING FROM SPAIN AND SPANISH COLONIES. 

[Centralblatt f. d. Deutsche Reich, 1894, p. 273.] 


I. For the follow big enumerated goods, viz: 

1. Coarse iron, etc., neither the duties of the general tariff nor those of the conventional tariff shall be applicable unless it be duly 
proved that the goods are the origin of countries other than Spain (the Continent, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and the Presidios) 
or of Spanish transmarine possessions (Cuba, Porto Rico, Philippine Islands, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, etc.). 
































1902 .] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3161 


II. Said origin must be established by certificates (and, when necessary, by duly certified translations) issued by the authorities of 
the country of origin, or in any other manner, as for instance, by the production of the ship’s papers, invoices, original waybills, com¬ 
mercial correspondence, etc. 

The proof of origin need not be furnished for the goods in question when they are imported as passengers’ baggage. 

III. Should it be manifest that the goods proceed from countries other than Spain or Spanish transmarine possessions the customs 
authorities need not exact the production of a certificate of origin. 

I\ . The chancellor of the Empire is empowered to prescribe the form of the certificates of origin and to determine the cases in which, 
conformably to the treaties in force, no certificates of origin shall be required. 

y • For the small frontier traffic the superior financial authorities may, in the various States, grant facilities as to the production of 
certificates of origin. 

VI. [Transitory dispositions.] 

In the execution of the foregoing ordinance the superior financial authorities in the various States may, in addition, for reasons of 
equity, grant the application of the general tariff for goods proceeding from Spain or Spanish transmarine possessions which have crossed 
the German frontier after the day of the publication of the present ordinance, when it is duly established that the importation has been 
effected for German account and in virtue of bona fide contracts concluded prior to the publication of the ordinance. 

[July, 1895.] . 

ORDINANCE OF JUNE 30, 1895, MODIFYING TITE ORDINANCE OF MAY 25, 1894, RELATIVE TO THE APPLICATION OF A SURTAX ON PRODUCTS PROCEED- 

ING FROM SPAIN AND FROM SPANISH COLONIES. 

We, William, by the grace of God, German Emperor, King of Prussia, etc., in virtue of section 6 of the customs law of July 15,1879. 
in the name of the Empire and # with the consent of the Bundesrath, ordain the following: 

Sec. 1. No. 15 of section 1 of the ordinance of May 25,1894, relative to the application of a surtax on products proceeding from Spain 
and from Spanish colonies, shall read as follows: 

Marks. 

Honey, even artificial (No. 25 l of the tariff).54 

Sec. 2. The present ordinance shall enter into force on July 1, 1S95. 

Given at Kiel, under our imperial sign manual, on board the yacht Hohenzollern, June 30, 1S95. 

William. 

Prince of Hohenlohe. 


[August, 1896.] 

REGULATIONS FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE IMPERIAL ORDINANCE OF JULY 25, 1896, REPEALING THE SURTAX LEVIED ON GOODS PROCEEDING 

FROM SPAIN AND SPANISH COLONIES. 

[Centralblatt f. d. Deutsche Reich—1896, No. 82.] 

The chancellor of the Empire has, on July 25, 1896, prescribed the following regulations for the execution of the imperial ordinance 
of the same date, repealing the surtax levied on products of Spain and Spanish colonies: 

I. The provisions dated May 24, 1894, relative to the execution of the imperial ordinance applying a surtax on goods proceeding 
from Spain and Spanish colonies, are repealed. 

II. For the following goods, viz: 

1. Rye (No. 9 b a of the tariff). 

2. Grapes, fresh (No. 9 h). 

3. Goatskins, half dressed or dressed, but neither dyed nor otherwise prepared (note to No. 21 5). 

4. Wine and must, imported in casks (No. 25 e 1). 

5. Oranges, citrons, lemons, bitter oranges, pomegranates, dates, almonds, fresh (No. 25 h 1). 

6. Figs, raisins, and currants (No. 25 h 2). 

7. Almonds, dried (No. 25 h 3). 

8. Capsicums (red Spanish pepper) (No. 25 i). 

9. Peel of Southern fruits, fresh or dried; green bitter oranges, even in brine; nuts, dried; ripe chestnuts (No. 25 p 2). 

10. Olive oil, in casks (No. 26 b). 

11. Olive oil, denaturalized by the administration (No. 26 cl). 

The duties of the conventional tariff shall only be applicable when it be duly proved that the goods are the origin of countries other 
than Spain (the Continent, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and the Presidios) or of Spanish transmarine possessions (Cuba, Porto Rico, 
Philippine Islands, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, etc.). 

III. Said origin must be established by certificates (and, when necessary, by duly certified translations) issued by the authorities of 
the country of origin, or in any other manner, as, for instance, by the production of the ship’s papers, invoices, waybills, commercial 
correspondence, etc. 

The proof of origin need not be furnished for the goods in question when they are imported as passengers’ baggage. 

IV. The goods enumerated under section II are dispensed from furnishing proof of origin when proceeding from Austria-Hungary; 
indeed, in virtue of article 3 of the treaty of commerce concluded with that State on December 6, 1891, the customs clearance must be 
effected according to the conventional treatment, provided that proof be furnished that the goods proceed from the free circulation of the 
Austro-Hungarian customs territory. 

V. Should no doubt exist that the aforesaid goods proceed from or are the origin of countries other than Spain or Spanish transmarine 
possessions the customs administrations may, on the approval of their respective superiors, dispense with the production of special proof 
relative to the origin of the goods or from whence they proceed. 

VI. For the small frontier traffic, the superior financial authorities may, in the various States, grant facilities as to the production of 
certificates of origin and from whence proceeding. 


TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION CONCLUDED BETWEEN GERMANY AND JAPAN. 

[Reichgesetzblatt No. 37, of 1896.] 

In virtue of a treaty concluded between Germany and Japan on April 4, 1896, the ratifications of which were exchanged at Berlin on 
November 18, 1896, the two contracting States reciprocally grant to each other the most-favored-nation treatment. 



3162 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS. 


[February, 


DECLARATION BETWEEN GERMANY AND FRANCE CONCERNING TUNIS. 

[Reichsgesetzblatt No. 4, of 1897.] 

In virtue of a declaration between Germany and France signed on November 18, 1896, the ratifications of which were exchanged at 
Berlin on January 28, 1897, Germany will enjoy in Tunis all the rights, privileges, and advantages which may be granted to a third 
power, excepting France. On the other hand, goods proceeding from Tunis shall enjoy in Germany the most-favored-nation treatment. 

REGIME APPLICABLE TO CHILEAN GOODS. 

[Centralblatt der Abgaben-Gesetzgebung i. d. Pr. Staaten.No. 12, of 1897.] 

By circular dated May 25, 1897, the Prussian minister of finance notified the customs offices under his jurisdiction that the commer¬ 
cial stipulations contained in conventions concluded with Chile shall cease to he in force on and after May 25, 1897, and that on and 
after such date goods proceeding from Chile shall be dutiable according to the general tariff. 


COMMERCIAL TREATIES OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. 


Belgium. 


Bulgaria. 


Denmark. 


N.E. 13.11.97 
not specified. 


Bulgaria. 


T. 18. VI. 95 
to 26. VI. 1905 
then Y.N. 


Denmark. 


Germany. 


T. 6. XII. 91 
to 31. XII. 1903. 


N.E. 10.1.97 
to 31. XII. 1903. 


Germany. 


France. 


M.V. 30.1.S2 
not specified. 


T. 4. VI. 97 
to 31. XI1.1903 
then Y.N 


IX 21.1.97 
Y.N. 


T. 10. V. 71 
perpetual. 


France. 


Greece. 

Great Britain. 

*** 

* 

T. 25. VII. 95 
to 15. VII. 1901. 

T. 23. VII. 62 and 
N.E. 27.VII. 98 
Y.N. 


* 


C.A. 4. VII. 97 
Y.N. 

* 

* 

T. 31.X. 46 
Y.N. 

T. 16. VI. 24 
Y.N. 

*** 

* 

T. 9. VII. 84 
Y.N. 


*** 

* 

N.E. 16. XII. 92. 

C. 6. II. 93 

Y.N. 

♦ 


*** 

Greece. 

C. 28. III. 90 

Y. N. 


Great Britain. 


Italy. 


T. 11. XII. 82 
Y.N. 


*** 

P.C. 12.111.97 
until further 
notice. 


P.C. 12. III.97 
Y.N. 


T. 6. XII. 91 
to 31. XII. 1903. 


N.E. 21.XI.98 
not specified. 


P.C. 30. XII.90 
i Y.N. 


T. 15. VI. 83 
Y.N. 


Italy. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


A. C. Additional convention. 

C. Convention. 

C. A. Commercial arrangement. 

C. T. Commercial treaty. 

D. Declaration. 

■*’. V. Modus vivendi. 

N. E. Exchange of diplomatic notes. 

P. Provisional. _, 

R. A. Reciprocity agreement. 

S. C. Supplementary convention. 

T. Treaty. 

Y. N. Year’s notice. 

P. C. Provisional convention 


*** Treaties with tariff agreements and 
most-favored-nation clause. 

** Treaties with tariff agreements with¬ 
out most-favored-nation clause. 

* Treaties without tariff agreements with 
most-favored-nation clause. 

Treaties without tariff agreements and 
without most-favored-nation clause. 


Montenegro. 


Netherlands. 


C.T. 30. VI. 92 
Y.N. 


C.T. 11. XII. 96 
Y.N. 


T. 21.1.82 
tol.1.1902. 


T. 28. III. 83 
to 1.1.1902. 


Montenegro. 


T. 12. V. 63 and 
S.C. 7. XII. 65 
Y.N. 


C.A. 29. VI.97 
until further 
notice. 


T. 10. VII. 97 
Y.N. 


T. 31. XII. 51 
Y. N. 


M.V. 28.1.92 
not specified. 


T. 22.11.43 and 
S.C. 30.VI.51 
Y. N. 


T. 27.X. 37 and 
S.C. 15. VIII. 89 
Y.N. 


T. 24. XI. 63 
Y.N. 


Netherlands. 


Norway. 


T. 11. VI. 95 
to 3. VII. 1905. 


N.E. 21.X. 1900 
not specified. 


T. 2. XI. 26 
Y.N. 


C. 13.1.92 
Y.N. 


T. 27.X. 52 and 
S.C. 2. III. 93 
Y.N. 


T. 18. III. 26 and 
D. 13.X. 83 
Y.N. 


T. 14. VII. 62 and 
D. 7. VI. 77 
Y.N. 


25. IX. 47 
Y.N. 


Norway. 


Austria- 

Hungary. 


T. 6. XII. 91 
to 31. XII. 1903 


*** 

C.T. 21. XII. 96 
to 31. XII. 1903 
then Y.N. 


T. 14. III. 87 
Y. N. 


T. 6. XII. 91 
to 31. XII. 1903. 


C.T. 18.11.84 
4 Y. N. 


P.C. 11. IV.87 
Y.N. 


T. 5. XII. 76 and 
D. 26. XI. 77 
Y.N. 


T. 6. XII. 91 
to 31. XII. 1903 


T. 26. III. 67 and 
S.C. 12. XII. 88 
Y.N. 


T. 3. XI. 73 and 
D. 25. IV. 92 
Y.N. 


Austria- 

Hungary. 


& 


No. 8—Face page 3162. 


Portugal. 

Roumania. 

Russia. 

Sweden. 

Switzerland. 

Servia. 

Spain. 

Turkey. 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

P.C. 11. XII. 97 

C.T. 22.1.94 

T. 9. VI. 58 

T. 11. VI. 95 

T. 3. VII. 89 

P.C. 10. VII. 93 

M.V. 1. VII. 92 

T. 3. VII. 38 

not specified. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y. N. 

not specified. 

not specified. 

perpetual. 


* 

*** 

* 

* 

*** 

* 

* 


N.E. 4. III.95 
to 14.1.1902 

T. 14. VII. 97 
to 31. XII. 1903 
Y.N. 

N.E. 8.1.1900 
i Y.N. 

C.A. 2,8.11.97 
until further 
notice. 

T. 28.11.97 
to 1.1.94 
then Y. N. 

C.T. 30.XII.99 
not specified. _ 

C. 27. IX. 1900 

3 Y. N. 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

D. 14. XII. 96 


T. 2. III. 95 

T. 2. XI. 26 

T. 10.11.75 


T. 4 VII. 93 

T. 13. III.62 

not specified. 


Y.N. 

Y. N. 

Y.N. 


Y.N. 

perpetual, though 




may be revised. 


*** 

*** 

* 

*** 

*** 

* 

* 


T. 23. X.93 

T. 10.11.94 


T. 10. XII. 91 

T. 21. VIII. 92 

N.E. 12.11.99 

T. 26. VIII.90 


to 31. XII. 1903. 

to 31. XII. 1903. 


to 31. XII. 1903. 

to 31. XII. 1903. 

then Y. N. 

to 12. III. 1912. 


* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 


C.T. 28.11.93 

C.T. 17. VI.93 

C. 13.1.92 

N. E. 25. VI. 95 

C.T. 5.VII.93 

N.E. 27. XII. 94 

T. 29. IV. 61 


Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

not specified. 

Y.N. 

i Y.N. 

expired, but de 
facto in force. 


* 

* 

* 

* 

* 





T. 24. VI. 50 
Y.N. 

T. 27. X. 52 and 
S.C. 2.III.93 
Y.N. 

P.C. 10. VI. 87 

Y. N. 

P.C. 17. VI. 95 
Y.N. 




* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 


C.T. 13. VIII. 92 

T. 12.1.59 

T. 18. III. 26 and 

D. 13. X.93 

Y.N. 

T. 6. IX. 55 

T. 10 VII. 93 

N.E. 29. XI 1.94 

T. 16. VIII. 38 


Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. * 

to 31. XII. 1903. 

4 Y. N. 

perpetual. 


* 

* 

* 

*** 

* 

* 

* 


C.T. 23.XII.92 

Y. N. 

T. 28. IX. 63 
Y.N. 

T. 14. VI. 62 and 

D. 7. VI. 77 

Y.N. 

T. 19. IV. 92 

T. 10. V. 80 

Y.N. 

M.V. 29.VI.92 
i Y. N. 

T. 10. VII. 61 
expired, but de 
facto in force. 


* 


* 


* 








C.A. 12. XII. 95 








1 Y.N. 



* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

N.E. 9.II.95 

C. 15. III. 99 

T. 13. IX. 46 

T. 25. IX. 47 

T. 19. VIII. 75 

D. 17. X.81 

D. 12. VII. 92 and 

T. 25.11.62 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

13. XI. 99 

expired, but de 



Y.N. 

facto in force. 

*** 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

*** 

* 

T. 31.Xn.95, 
for 5 years, then 
Y.N. 


T. 8.V.38 

Y.N. 


T. 22.111.94 
to 31. Xn. 1903. 


T. 27. VI. 92 

Y. N. 

T. 5. III. 62 
expired, but de 
facto in force. 


* 

* 

* 

*** 

*** 

* 

* 


C.T. 21.XII.93 

Y. N. 

C.T. 18. V. 94 
to 31. XII. 1903 

T. 3. XI. 73 and 

D. 25. IV. 92 
Y.N. 

T. 10. XII. 91 
to 31. Xn. 1903. 

T. 9. VIII. 92 
to 31. XII. 1903. 

C. 29.1.92 

4 Y. N. 

T. 22.V. 62 
expired, but de 
facto in force. 


* 

*** 

* 



*** 

* 

Portugal. 


C.T. 9.VII.95, 




T. 27. III. 93 

D. 11. V. 90 


5 and 5 years, 




to 6. IX. 1903 



then Y.N. 




then Y.N. 

not specified. 



* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 


Roumania. 

N.E. 23.IX.93 


C.T. 15. III. 93 



P.C. 28.VIII. 1900 



not specified. 


Y.N. 



to 1. VII. 1901. 




* 

* 

*** 


* 



Russia. 

T. 8. V. 38 

T. 26. XII. 72 

T. 15. X.93 

M.V. 7.II.95 

T. 3.II.62 




Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

Y.N. 

expired, but de 





facto in force. 





* 

* 

* 

* 




Sweden. 



T. 27. VI. 92 
Y.N. 

T. 5. III. 62 
until further 







notice. 



* 



* 

*** 

* 





Switzerland. 

P.C. 10 VI.80 

T. 13. VII. 92 

D. 22.III.90 






Y.N. 

Y.N 

not specified. 






Servia. 


* 

P. C. 22. X. 1900 
to 30. VIII. 1901. 







Spain. 

* 

T. 19. III. 62 
expired, but de 








facto in force. 


Turkey. 









































































































































































































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3163 


II.—COMMERCIAL TREATIES OF EUROPEAN WITH ASIATIC COUNTRIES. 



China. 

Japan. 

Korea. 

Persia. 

Siam. 


* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

Belgium. 

T. 2. XI. 65 
can be revised. 

T. 22. VI. 96 

12 years then Y. N. 



T. 31.Vn.57 

Y.N. 

T. 29. VIII. 68 and - 
S.C. 4. VIE. S3 

Bulgaria. 







* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

Denmark. 

T. 13. VII. 63 

Y.N. 

T. 19. V. 95 

12 years then Y. N. 



T. 30. XI. 57 

Y.N. 

T. 21. V. 58 

Y. N. 

Germany. 

T. 2. IX. 61 and 

S. C. 31. III.80 

* 

T. 4. IV. 96 

12 years then Y. N. 

* 

T. 26. XI. 83 

% 

* 

T. 11. VI. 73 

Y.N. 

T. 7.IL62 

France. 

C.T. 25. IV. 86 and 

20. VI. 95 

» 

T. 4.Vni.96 

12 years then Y. N. 

T. 4. VI. 86 

* 

T. 12.Vn.55 
perpetual. 

T. 3.X. 93 
not specified. 

Greece. 


* 

T. 1. VI. 99 
to 21. IX. 1911 
then Y. N. 


* 

T. 16.X. 61 

Y.N. 



* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

Great Britain. 

T. 26. VI. 58 
not specified. 

T. 16. VII. 94 
to 16. vn. 1911 

T. 26. XI. 83 





* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

Italy. 

T. 26.X. 66 

T. 1. XII. 94 
to 17. vn. 1911 

T. 26. VI. 84 


T. 29. IX. 62 

Y.N. 

T. 3.X. 68 


* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

Netherlands. 


T. 8. IX. 96 

12 years then Y. N. 






* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

Norway. 


T. 7. V. % 

7 years then Y. N. 







* 



* 


Austria. 

T. 2. IX. 69 

T. 5. XII. 97 

12 years then Y. N. 

T. 23. VI. 92. 


T. 17. V. 57 

Y.N. 

T. 8.V.71 

Portugal. 


* 

T. 26.1.97 

12 years then Y. N. 




Roumania. 






Russia. 

T. 4. VIII. 81 
not specified. 

T. 7.V.95 

12 years then Y'. N. 

T. 7. VII. 84 

T. 10.11.28, 
not specified. 



* 

* 

* 


* 

* 

Sweden. 


T. 2.V.96 

7 years then Y. N. 







* 



* 


Switzerland. 


T. 10. XI. 96 

12 years then Y. N. 



T. 23. VTI. 73 

Y.N. 


Seryia. 


■ 




Spain. 

T. 10. X. 64 
not specified. 

T. 2.1.97 

12 years then Y. N. 



T. 23. n. 70 and 

S. C. 24. V.84.» 

Turkey. 







Note.—S ee Table I for explanation of abbreviations. »No provision for denunciation. 


No. 8-11 
























































31G4 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


[February, 


III.—COMMERCIAL TREATIES OF EUROPEAN WITH AMERICAN COUNTRIES. 



Argentina. 

Bolivia. 

Brazil. 

Chile. 

Colombia. 

Costa Rica. 

Santo Domingo. 

Ecuador. 

Guatemala. 


♦ 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

♦ 

* 

* 

* 

Belgium. 


T. 17. VII. 60 
Y.N. 

C. 31. XII. 63 
not specified. 



T. 31. VIII. 58 
Y.N. 

T. 10. VII. 92 
Y.N. 

T. 5. III. 87 
Y.N. 


Bulgaria. 











* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Denmark. 



T. 26. IV. 28 
Y.N. 


• 


T. 13. VII. 63 
Y.N. 




* 




* 



* 

* 

Germany. 

T. 19. IX. 57 
Y.N. 




T. 23. VII. 92 
to 12. VII. 1904 



T. 28. III. 87 
Y.N. 

T. 20. IX. 87 
Y.N. 


* 

* 



* 


* 



France. 

C. 19. VIII. 92 
Y.N. 

T. 15. IX. 92 

2 Y. N. 

T. 8.1.26 


T. 30. V. 92 
Y.N. 


T. 9. IX. 82 and 
S.C. 5. VI. 86 

Y. N. 

T. 6. VI. 43 
not specified. 


Greece. 











* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Great 

Britain. 





T. 16.11.66 
Y.N. 






* 




* 


* 



Italy. 

T. 1. VI. 94 
Y.N. 




T. 27. X. 92 
to 10. XI. 1904 
Y. N. 






* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

Netherlands. 











* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

Norway. 

T. 17. VII. 85 
to 14.1.1906 
then Y. N. 









Austria. 










Portugal. 











♦ 

* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

* 

* 

Roumania. 










Russia. 











* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

* 

* 

Sweden. 

T. 17. VII. 85 
to 14.1.1906 
then Y. N. 













* 




* 


Switzerland. 

T. 12. VIII. 96 
Y.N. 



T. 31. X. 97 
Y.N. 




T. 22. VI. 88 
Y.N. 


Servia. 










Spain. 





T. 30.1.81 
not specified. 

T. 10. V. 50 
not specified. 

T. 16.11.40 
not specified. 



Turkey. 











Note.—S ee Table I for explanation of abbreviations. 









































































1902.] 


MODERN TARIFF SYSTEMS 


3165 


III.—COMMERCIAL TREATIES OF EUROPEAN WITH AMERICAN COUNTRIES. 


Haiti. 

Honduras. 

Mexico. 

Nicaragua. 

Paraguay. 

Peru. 

Salvador. 

Uruguay. 

Venezuela. 

United States. 

* 

* 

* 

T. 7. VII. 95 
to 4. VI. 1906 
then Y.N. 

* 

T. 8.V.58 
Y.N. 

* 

C. 15.11.94 
Y.N. 

* 

* 

* 

T. 16. IX. 53 and 
S.C. 21.H.57 
Y. N. 

* 

T. 1.III.84 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 8. III. 75 
Y.N. 









• 


* 

♦ 

* 

T. 19. VII. 27 

Y. N. 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

* 

* 

* 

T. 26. IV. 26 
Y.N. 


* 

T. 12. XII. 87 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 5. XII. 82 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 4. II. 96 
to 7. IV. 1907 
then Y. N. 

* 

T. 21.Vn.87 
Y.N. 


* 

\ 

T. 13. VI. 70 

Y. N. 

* 

T. 20. VI. 92 and 
C. 5. VI. 99 

Y. N. 


** 

C. A. 10. vn. 1900 
i Y.N. 

** 

T. 31. VII. 1900 
i Y. N. 

T. 22.11.56 

Y. N. 

* 

T. 27. XI. 86 
Y.N. 

T. 11. IV. 59 
not specified. 

* 

C. 21. VII. 92 
Y.N. 



# 

C. 4. VII. 92 
Y.N. 


** 

T. 28. V. 98 and 
24. VII. 99 










T. 22. IX. 37 

Y. N. 

* 

* 

T. 21.1.87; 
ten vears, 
then Y. N. 

* 

T. 27. XI. 88 
Y.N. 

* 

* 

T. 16.X.84 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 10. IV. 50 

Y. N. 

* 

T. 24. X. 62 and 
C. 23. VI. 86 to 
7. VII. 1907 
then Y. N. 

* 

T. 13. XI. 85 and 
S.C. 15. VIII. 99 
Y.N. 

* 

* 


* 

T. 31. XII. 68 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 16. IV. 90 
to 23. VII. 1901 


* 

T. 22. VIH. 93 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 23. XII. 74 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 27.X. 60 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 19. IX. 85 
Y.N. 

* 

T. 19. VI. 61 
Y.N. 

** 

C. A. 8. II. 1900 
to 31. XII. 1903 
then Y. N. 

* 

* 

* 

T. 22. IX. 97 
to 12. X. 1904 
then Y. N. 

* 

* 

t 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

T. 29. VII. 85 
Y. N. 

* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 

* 










* 

T. 10. IV. 81 
Y.N. 










** 

C. A. 22. V. 99 
to 12. VI. 1905 
then Y.N. 

* 

♦ 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 






T. 16. V. 74. 
Y.N. 




T. 6. xn. 32. 
Y.N. 

* 

* 

* 

T. 29. VII. 85 
Y.N. 

* 

* 

V 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 





T. 1.IX.96 
Y.N. 


* 

T. 30.X. 83 
Y.N. 













* 

T. 14.X. 81 
Y.N. 


T. 17. XI. 94 
not specified. 


T. 25.Vn.50 
not specified. 

T. 10. IX. 50 
Y.N. 

T.14.VHI. 79and 
S.C. 16. VII. 97 
Y.N. 

T. 24. VI. 65 and 
S.C. 2.III.85 
perpetual. 


T. 20. V. 82 

Y. N. 

C. 26. V. 88 
Y.N. 












Note.—S ee Table I for explanation of abbreviations. 






































































3166 


MODEMS TAEIEE SYSTEMS 


[February, 1902,] 


IV.—COMMERCIAL TREATIES OF EUROPEAN WITH AFRICAN COUNTRIES. 



Kongo Free State. 

Egypt. 

Liberia. 

Morocco. 

Tunis. 

Zanzibar. 

Madagascar. 


* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Belgium. 

C. 5. VII. 90 
not specified. 

C. 24. VI. 91 
to 31. XII. 1901. 

T. 1.V.85 

Y. N. 

C.T. 4.1.62 
not specified. 

D. -with France of 
2.1.97. 

P.T. 30. V. 85 
not specified. 


Bulgaria. 









* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Denmark. 

T. 23.11.85 
not specified. 


T. 21. V. 60 

Y.N. 



• 




* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Germany. 

T. 8. XT. 84 
not specified. 

T. 19. VII. 92 
to 12. III. 1912. 

T. 31.X. 67 

Y.N. 

T. 1.VI.90 

D. with France of 
18. XI. 96 

T. 20. XII. 85 
to 19. VIII. 1901. 

C. 15. V. 83 
perpetual. 



* 


* 




France. 

C. 5. II. 85 
not specified. 


T. 17. IV. 52 
not specified. 

C.T. 23.X.92 
not specified. 


T. 17. XI. 44 
not specified. 


Greece. 


* 

T. 21. III. 95 
to 12. VIII. 1905 
then Y. N. 







* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Great Britain. 

C. 16. XII. 84 
not specified. 

C. 29.X. 89 

Y.N. 

T. 21. XI. 78 
not specified. 

T. 9. XII. 56 

T. 14. V. 95 
perpetual. 




* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

* 


Italy. 

C. 19. XII. 84 
not specified. 


T. 23.X. 62 

Y.N. 

9. XII. 90 

T. 28. IX. 96 
to 1. X. 1905 

T. 28. V. 85 
not specified. 



* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Netherlands. 




\ 





* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Norway. 

C. 10.11.84.* 

' 

T. 1. IX. 63 

Y.N. 








* 





Austria. 


C.T. 16. VIII. 90 
to 31. XII. 1901 

T. 1. IX. 66 

Y.N. 

T. 19. III. 30 
perpetual. 




Portugal. 








Roumania. 








Russia. 





D. with France 
14. X. 96. 




* 


* 

* 

* 

* 

♦ 

Sweden. 

C. 10. H. 85. * 


T. 1. IX. 63 

Y.N. 






* 




* 



Switzerland. 

T. 16. XI. 89 
to 14. IV. 1900 

• 



D. with France 
14. X. 96 



Servia. 








Spain. 

C. 7.1.65.* 



T. 20. XI. 61.* 

D.with France 
14. X. 96 



Turkey. 









Note.— See Table I for explanation of abbrevations. »No provision tor denunciation. 















































PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS TREATING OF TARIFF SYSTEMS, 


Adams, C. C. A handbook of commercial geography. New York: 
Appleton, 1901. 

Ame. Etude sur les tarifs de douane et sur les trails de com¬ 
merce. Paris, 1876. 

Arndt, P. Die Handelsbeziehungen Deutschlands zu England. 
Berlin, 1900. 

-Wirtschaftliche Folgen der Entwickelung Deutschlands zum 

Industriestaat. Berlin, 1899. 

•-Zum Abschluss eines neuen deutsch-russischen Handelsvertra- 

ges. Leipzig, 1901. 

Bailed, Carl. Die deutscb-amerikanischen Handelsbeziehungen. 
Leipzig, 1901. 

-Die deutsch-russischen Handelsbeziehungen. Leipzig, 1901. 

Bastable. The commerce of nations. London: Methuen & Co., 
1892. 

Bayersdorfer. Der Zolltariff Russlands. Jahrbucher fur Nation- 
alukonomie und Statistik, III. Folge, Bd. VII. 

Bazant, J. von. Die Handelspolitik Oesterreich-Ungams 1875-1882. 
Leipzig, 1894. 

Beer, A. Oesterreichische Handelspolitik im XIX. Jahrhundert. 
Wien, 1891. 

-Geschichte des Welthandels. Wien, 1884. 

Biermer, M. Die deutsche Handelspolitik des XIX. Jahrhunderts. 
Greifswald, 1899. 

Bismarck, Otto von. Gedanken und Erinnerungen des Fiirsten 
Otto von Bismarck. Stuttgart, 1899. 

Blondel, G. L’essor industriel et commercial du peuple allemand. 
Paris, 1900. 

-La France et le march6 du monde. Paris, 1901. 

Borgbt, von der. Handel und Handelspolitik. Leipzig, 1900. 

-Beitriige zur Geschichte der deutschen Beisstarkeindustrie. 

Berlin, 1899. 

Borgius, W. Ein handelspolitisches Vademecum. Berlin, 1900. 

-Deutschland und die Vereinigten Staaten. Berlin, 1899. 

Brandt, A. von. Beitriige zur Geschichte der franzosischen Han¬ 
delspolitik. Leipzig, 1896. 

Brentano, L. Zukiinftige Handelspolitik des Deutschen Reiches. 

Jahrbuch fiir Gesetzgebung, Verwaltung, etc., 1885. 

Calwer, Richard. Die Meistbegiinstigung der Vereinigten Staaten 
von Xordamerika. Berlin, 1902. 

-Die Vorbereitung neuer Handelsvertrage. Xeue Zeit, Juni 

13, 1898. 

Conrad, J. Die Stellung der landwirthschaftlichen Zolle in den 
1903 zu schliessenden Handelsvertragen Deutschlands. Schrif- 
ten des Vereins fiir Socialpolitik, LXXXX, Leipzig, 1900. 

-Die Agrarzolle in der Zolltarifvorlage im Deutschen Reich. 

Jahrbucher fiir Nationalokonomie und Statistik, Februar, 1902. 
Cons, Henri. Precis d’histoire du commerce. 2 tomes. Paris, 
1896. 

Crane, W. W. The year 1899. Overland Monthly, June, 1893. 
Dade, Heinrich. Die Agrarzolle. Schriften des Vereins fiir Sta¬ 
tistik, LXXXXI. 

Dehn, Paul. Deutschland nach Osten. 

-Kommende Weltwirthschaftspolitik. Berlin, 1898. 

-Oesterreich-Ungarn im reichsdeutschen Lichte. Leipzig, 1890. 

Devers, A. La politique commerciale de la France depuis 1860. 
Leipzig, 1892. 

Dietzel, H. Die Theorie von den drei Weltreichen. Nation, Jahrg. 
1900, No. 30-34. 

-Weltwirtschaft und Volkswirtschaft. Dresden, 1900. 

Dilke, Sir Charles. Problems of Greater Britain. London, 1890. 
Ehrenberg. Handelspolitik. Jena, 1900. 

Farrer. Free trade versus fair trade. London, 1887. 

Farrer, T. H. The state in relation to trade. London, Macmil¬ 
lan. 

Fisk, Geo. M. Die Handelspolitik der Vereinigten Staaten 1890- 
1900. Schriften des Vereins fur Socialpolitik, LXXXX: 
Leipzig, 1900. 

-Die Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und den Vereinigten 

Staaten von Amerika. Stuttgart, 1897. 


Ford, W. C. The commercial policy of Europe. Advance sheets 
of Proceedings of the American Economic Association. Wash¬ 
ington, 1901. 

Francke, E. Zollpolitische Einigungsbestrebungen in Mittel- 
europa wahrend des letzten Jahrzehnts. Schriften des Vereins 
fiir Socialpolitik, LXXXX. Leipzig, 1900. 

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